CN111435174B - Method and device for compensating amplitude of seismic data in strong reflection area - Google Patents
Method and device for compensating amplitude of seismic data in strong reflection area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seismic data amplitude compensation method and device in a strong reflection area, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data of a strong reflection area, and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window; determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum; determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum; determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient; and compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation of the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient. The invention effectively compensates for the amplitude of the attenuation due to the shielding effect of the strongly reflective formation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to a seismic data amplitude compensation method and device in a strong reflection area.
Background
Amplitude compensation is a key processing link in the seismic data processing process, and aims to compensate time-direction amplitude attenuation caused by geometric diffusion and stratum absorption in the seismic wave propagation process and space-direction amplitude difference caused by near-surface structure difference, so that the amplitude characteristics of final processed result data can reflect real physical parameters of the underground, and a foundation is laid for searching underground favorable oil and gas reservoirs. The current seismic data amplitude compensation method firstly adopts a geometric diffusion amplitude compensation method to carry out amplitude compensation on the seismic data in the time direction, and then adopts a ground surface consistency amplitude compensation method to carry out amplitude compensation on the seismic data in the space direction. Under general conditions, the method can better solve the problems of time-direction amplitude attenuation and space-direction amplitude inconsistency by carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data, so that the amplitude attribute of the result data can truly reflect the underground real physical parameters.
However, in a highly reflective region containing highly reflective strata in a subsurface reservoir, due to the intense spatial thickness and lithology of the highly reflective strata, the highly reflective strata may spatially mask the seismic waves to different extents as they pass through the highly reflective strata, which may result in the presence of spatially non-uniform amplitude attenuation due to the shielding of the highly reflective strata in addition to time-wise amplitude attenuation due to geometric diffusion, formation absorption, and spatially-wise amplitude differences due to near-surface structural differences in the seismic data in the highly reflective region. The amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum cannot be compensated only by adopting the existing seismic data amplitude compensation method, so that errors can occur when the underground Ornithox carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir stratum of the strong reflection stratum is predicted, and the oil and gas exploration is disfavored.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a seismic data amplitude compensation method for a strong reflection area, which is used for compensating the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of a strong reflection stratum in the seismic data of the strong reflection area and improving the accuracy of the prediction of an underlying Ornithoid carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir of the strong reflection stratum, and comprises the following steps:
obtaining seismic data of a strong reflection area, and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are the seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are the seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are the seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum underlying stratum;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum;
determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum;
determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data of the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation of the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, wherein the first amplitude compensation coefficient comprises the following components:
determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in a time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic average value and the second amplitude arithmetic average value;
determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, wherein the second amplitude compensation coefficient comprises the following components:
determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum;
and determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude arithmetic average value and the fourth amplitude arithmetic average value.
The embodiment of the invention provides a seismic data amplitude compensation device in a strong reflection area, which is used for compensating the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of a strong reflection stratum in the seismic data in the strong reflection area and improving the accuracy of the prediction of an underlying Ornithoid carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir in the strong reflection stratum, and comprises the following steps:
the time window dividing module is used for acquiring the seismic data of the strong reflection area and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are the seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are the seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are the seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum underlying stratum;
the upper time window module is used for determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the upper time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the upper time window of the strong reflection stratum;
the lower time window module is used for determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum;
the compensation factor module is used for determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
the amplitude compensation module is used for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation of the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient;
the upper time window module is further configured to:
determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in a time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic average value and the second amplitude arithmetic average value;
the time window module is further configured to:
determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum;
and determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude arithmetic average value and the fourth amplitude arithmetic average value.
Compared with the scheme of carrying out amplitude compensation on the seismic data through a geometric diffusion amplitude compensation method and a ground surface consistency amplitude compensation method in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention divides the seismic data in the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window by acquiring the seismic data in the strong reflection area, determines a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window according to the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window, the time window length and the number of seismic channels, determines a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window according to the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window, determines a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient, and finally compensates the amplitude attenuated by the strong reflection area data according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient, thereby effectively compensating the amplitude attenuated due to the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum and improving the accuracy of a predicted salt seam carbonate reservoir of the strong reflection stratum.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for compensating amplitude of seismic data in a strongly reflective region according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of time window division of seismic data in a strongly reflective region in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of amplitude during amplitude compensation using a seismic data amplitude compensation method in a strongly reflective region in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of amplitude compensation using the seismic data amplitude compensation method in a strongly reflective region in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a seismic data amplitude compensation apparatus for a strongly reflective region in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions herein are for the purpose of explaining the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In order to compensate the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum in the seismic data of the strong reflection area and improve the accuracy of the reservoir prediction of the underlying Ornithoxydim carbonate fracture-cavity of the strong reflection stratum, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data of the strong reflection area, which can comprise the following steps:
102, determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum;
104, determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data of the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
and 105, compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation of the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
As can be seen from fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the seismic data in the strongly reflective region is obtained by dividing the seismic data in the strongly reflective region into a strongly reflective stratum time window, a strongly reflective stratum upper time window and a strongly reflective stratum lower time window, determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strongly reflective stratum upper time window according to the seismic data in the strongly reflective stratum upper time window, the time window length and the number of seismic traces, determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strongly reflective stratum lower time window according to the seismic data in the strongly reflective stratum lower time window, determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strongly reflective region according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient, and finally compensating the attenuated amplitude of the seismic data in the strongly reflective region according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient, thereby effectively compensating the attenuated amplitude due to the strong reflection shielding effect, and improving the accuracy of predicting the underground oxide-ceramic carbonate seam hole reservoir.
In specific implementation, the seismic data of the strong reflection area are obtained and divided into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum underlying stratum.
The inventors found that in the strong reflection area, the thickness and lithology of the strong reflection stratum are severely changed in space, and the strong reflection stratum can generate different degrees of shielding effect on the earthquake waves in space when the earthquake waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, so that in the earthquake data in the strong reflection area, besides time-direction amplitude attenuation caused by geometric diffusion and stratum absorption and space-direction amplitude difference caused by near-surface structure difference, space non-uniform amplitude attenuation caused by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum exists. The amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum cannot be compensated only by adopting the existing seismic data amplitude compensation method, so that errors can occur when the underground Ornithox carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir stratum of the strong reflection stratum is predicted, and the oil and gas exploration is disfavored. According to the method for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data in the strong reflection area, the seismic data in the strong reflection area is divided into the strong reflection stratum time window, the strong reflection stratum upper time window and the strong reflection stratum lower time window, and the amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area is obtained through calculation of the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum upper time window and the strong reflection stratum lower time window, so that the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum in the seismic data in the strong reflection area is compensated, and the accuracy of the fracture-cave reservoir prediction of the underlying Ortsea carbonate in the strong reflection stratum is improved.
In the embodiment, the seismic data of the strong reflection area is firstly obtained, and then the seismic data of the strong reflection area is divided into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window is the seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window is the seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window is the seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum underlying stratum. The time window must be defined finely, and the time window above the highly reflective stratum and the time window below the highly reflective stratum cannot contain the highly reflective stratum, but contain all the strata above and below the highly reflective stratum as much as possible.
In specific implementation, a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum is determined according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
In an embodiment, a first amplitude arithmetic mean of seismic data within a time window on a strongly reflective formation is first determined based on the seismic data and the time window length within the time window on the strongly reflective formation. Determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean of seismic data over a time window on a strongly reflective formation according to the formula:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, and X ij Is the value of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, A i Is the first amplitude arithmetic mean, N, of the seismic data within the time window on the strongly reflective stratum 1 Is the length of the time window in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
In an embodiment, after determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean of seismic data within a time window over a strongly reflective formation, a second amplitude arithmetic mean of seismic data within a time window over a strongly reflective formation is determined based on the seismic data, the time window length, and the number of seismic traces within the time window over the strongly reflective formation. Determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data over the time window on the strongly reflective formation according to the formula:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, and X ij Is the value of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, N 1 For the length of the time window in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, M is the number of seismic traces, and A is the second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
In an embodiment, after determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data within the time window over the strongly reflective formation, a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data within the time window over the strongly reflective formation is determined based on the first amplitude arithmetic mean and the second amplitude arithmetic mean. Determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient for seismic data within a time window on a strongly reflective formation according to the formula:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, OP1 i A is a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum i For highly reflective formationsA is the first amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the upper time window and A is the second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the upper time window of the strongly reflective formation.
In specific implementation, a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is determined according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum.
In an embodiment, a third amplitude arithmetic mean of seismic data within a time window under a strongly reflective formation is first determined based on the seismic data and the time window length within the time window under the strongly reflective formation. Determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective formation according to the formula:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, and X ij Is the value of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, B i Is the third amplitude arithmetic mean, N, of the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective stratum 2 The time window length in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is given, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
In an embodiment, after determining the third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data within the time window under the strong reflection stratum, a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data within the time window under the strong reflection stratum is determined based on the seismic data, the time window length, and the number of seismic traces within the time window under the strong reflection stratum. Determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of seismic data within a time window under the strongly reflective formation according to the formula:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, and X ij Is the value of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, N 2 For highly reflective formationsThe length of the time window in the lower time window is N, the number of the seismic data sample points in each seismic channel is M, the number of the seismic channels is M, and B is the fourth amplitude arithmetic average value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum.
In an embodiment, after determining the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective formation, a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective formation is determined based on the third amplitude arithmetic mean and the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean. Determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient for the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective formation according to the formula:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, OP2 i A second amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, B i The third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is given, and B is the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum.
In particular, a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strongly reflected region is determined based on the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient.
In an embodiment, a third amplitude compensation coefficient for the seismic data for the strongly reflected region is determined as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, OP3 ij OP1 as the third amplitude compensation coefficient of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data of the strong reflection area i OP2, a first amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith seismic data in the time window on the strongly reflective formation i The second amplitude compensation coefficient is the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
In the implementation, according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient, the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the strong reflection area is compensated.
In an embodiment, the third amplitude compensation coefficient is an amplitude compensation factor, first dynamically correcting the seismic data in the strong reflection area to obtain a dynamically corrected common-center point (Common Middle Point, CMP) gather, and then multiplying the amplitude of the dynamically corrected CMP gather by the third amplitude compensation factor, thereby compensating the amplitude of the seismic data decay in the strong reflection area.
A specific embodiment is given below to illustrate a specific application of the seismic data amplitude compensation method in the area of strong reflection in the embodiment of the invention. Based on the original amplitude compensation technology, the seismic data of the strong reflection area are divided into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window on post-stack data, the dividing method is shown in figure 2, then the amplitude arithmetic mean value of each channel in the seismic data of the strong reflection area is calculated, the calculated arithmetic mean value curve of the amplitudes of 25 channels is shown in figure 3, the unit is decibel, the obvious shielding effect on the seismic data amplitude of the strong reflection stratum lower time window can be seen, the difference degree weakening exists in the amplitude arithmetic mean value curve of the partial channels of the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum lower time window, and the whole curve has a divergence phenomenon. The amplitude arithmetic mean of all traces in the seismic data of the strongly reflected region is calculated to represent the amplitude decay law of the overall data for the desired output, and the calculation result is shown as B in fig. 3. An amplitude compensation factor for the strong reflection area seismic data is calculated from the calculated amplitude arithmetic mean of each trace and the amplitude arithmetic mean of all traces in the strong reflection area seismic data, as shown at C in fig. 3. And finally, integrating the calculated amplitude compensation factor with the dynamic corrected CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) trace set processed by the original compensation technology, namely finishing amplitude compensation based on the strong reflection stratum, wherein as shown by D in the figure 3, the result is that the amplitude arithmetic mean value curve of the time window part trace under the strong reflection stratum is better compensated and the integral curve becomes more concentrated by comparing A in the figure 3 and D in the figure 3. Fig. 4 is a diagram of the result of amplitude compensation by using the seismic data amplitude compensation method in the strong reflection area, a in fig. 4 is an offset section before the seismic data amplitude compensation in the strong reflection area, B in fig. 4 is an offset section after the seismic data amplitude compensation in the strong reflection area, and it can be seen by comparing that the offset section by using the seismic data amplitude compensation method in the strong reflection area is applied, the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum in the seismic data in the strong reflection area is better compensated, and the amplitude relationship better reflects the real reflection characteristics of the underground stratum.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a seismic data amplitude compensation device for a strong reflection area, as described in the following embodiment. Because the principles of solving the problems are similar to those of the seismic data amplitude compensation method in the strong reflection area, the implementation of the device can be referred to the implementation of the method, and the repetition is omitted.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an apparatus for amplitude compensation of seismic data in a strongly reflective region according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus comprising:
the time window dividing module 501 is configured to obtain seismic data of a strong reflection area, and divide the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, where the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window is the seismic data generated when a seismic wave passes through a strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window is the seismic data generated when a seismic wave passes through a strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window is the seismic data generated when the seismic wave passes through a strong reflection stratum underlying stratum;
the upper time window module 502 is configured to determine a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the upper time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic traces in the upper time window of the strong reflection stratum;
a lower time window module 503, configured to determine a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic traces in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum;
a compensation factor module 504, configured to determine a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
an amplitude compensation module 505 is configured to compensate the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation in the area with strong reflection according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient.
In one embodiment, the upper time window module 502 is further configured to:
determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum;
and determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in a time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic average value and the second amplitude arithmetic average value.
In one embodiment, the lower time window module 503 is further configured to:
determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum;
and determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude arithmetic average value and the fourth amplitude arithmetic average value.
In one embodiment, the compensation factor module 504 is further configured to determine a third amplitude compensation factor for the seismic data for the strongly reflected region according to the following formula:
where i is the seismic trace number and j is the locationSerial numbers of each sample point in the vibration channel, OP3 ij OP1 as the third amplitude compensation coefficient of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data of the strong reflection area i OP2, a first amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith seismic data in the time window on the strongly reflective formation i The second amplitude compensation coefficient is the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
In one embodiment, the third amplitude compensation factor is an amplitude compensation factor.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention divides the seismic data in the strong reflection area into the strong reflection stratum time window, the strong reflection stratum upper time window and the strong reflection stratum lower time window by acquiring the seismic data in the strong reflection area, determining the first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the strong reflection stratum upper time window, determining the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the strong reflection stratum lower time window, determining the third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient, and finally compensating the attenuated amplitude of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient, thereby effectively compensating the attenuated amplitude due to the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum and improving the accuracy of predicting the underground Otto carbonate seam reservoir. According to the embodiment of the invention, the seismic data in the strong reflection area are divided into the strong reflection stratum time window, the strong reflection stratum upper time window and the strong reflection stratum lower time window, and the amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area is obtained by calculation according to the seismic data of the strong reflection stratum upper time window and the strong reflection stratum lower time window, so that the amplitude attenuated by the shielding effect of the strong reflection stratum in the seismic data in the strong reflection area is effectively compensated, and the accuracy of the prediction of the fracture-cave reservoir of the underlying Ornidus carbonate of the strong reflection stratum is improved.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method for compensating for seismic data amplitude in a strongly reflective region, comprising:
obtaining seismic data of a strong reflection area, and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are the seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are the seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are the seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum underlying stratum;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum;
determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum;
determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data of the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation of the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, wherein the first amplitude compensation coefficient comprises the following components:
determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in a time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic average value and the second amplitude arithmetic average value;
determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, wherein the second amplitude compensation coefficient comprises the following components:
determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum;
and determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude arithmetic average value and the fourth amplitude arithmetic average value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data over the time window on the strongly reflective formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, and X ij Is the value of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, A i Is the first amplitude arithmetic mean, N, of the seismic data within the time window on the strongly reflective stratum 1 Is the length of the time window in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data over the time window on the strongly reflective formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, and X ij Is the value of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, N 1 For the length of the time window in the time window on the strong reflection stratum, M is the number of seismic traces, and A is the second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first amplitude compensation coefficient for the seismic data within the time window on the strongly reflective formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, OP1 i A is a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum i A is a first amplitude arithmetic mean of seismic data within a time window over a strongly reflective formation, and a is a second amplitude arithmetic mean of seismic data within a time window over a strongly reflective formation.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, and X ij In the time window under the stratum with strong reflectionThe value of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data, B i Is the third amplitude arithmetic mean, N, of the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective stratum 2 The time window length in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is given, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, and X ij Is the value of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, N 2 The length of the time window in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is N, the number of the seismic data sample points in each seismic channel is M, the number of the seismic channels is M, and the fourth amplitude arithmetic average value of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is B.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second amplitude compensation coefficient for the seismic data within the time window under the strongly reflective formation is determined as follows:
wherein i is the seismic trace serial number, OP2 i A second amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, B i The third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum is given, and B is the fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the third amplitude compensation factor for the strongly reflected seismic data is determined as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, OP3 ij The OP1i is the first amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the OP2 is the third amplitude compensation coefficient of the jth sample point of the ith seismic data in the strong reflection area i The second amplitude compensation coefficient is the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the third amplitude compensation coefficient is an amplitude compensation factor.
10. An apparatus for compensating for seismic data amplitude in a highly reflective region, comprising:
the time window dividing module is used for acquiring the seismic data of the strong reflection area and dividing the seismic data of the strong reflection area into a strong reflection stratum time window, a strong reflection stratum upper time window and a strong reflection stratum lower time window, wherein the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum time window are the seismic data generated when seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum, the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum upper time window are the seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum overlying stratum, and the seismic data in the strong reflection stratum lower time window are the seismic data generated when the seismic waves pass through the strong reflection stratum underlying stratum;
the upper time window module is used for determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the upper time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the upper time window of the strong reflection stratum;
the lower time window module is used for determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of seismic channels in the lower time window of the strong reflection stratum;
the compensation factor module is used for determining a third amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the strong reflection area according to the first amplitude compensation coefficient and the second amplitude compensation coefficient;
the amplitude compensation module is used for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data attenuation of the strong reflection area according to the third amplitude compensation coefficient;
the upper time window module is further configured to:
determining a first amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a second amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window on the strong reflection stratum;
determining a first amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in a time window on the strong reflection stratum according to the first amplitude arithmetic average value and the second amplitude arithmetic average value;
the time window module is further configured to:
determining a third amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum and the time window length;
determining a fourth amplitude arithmetic mean of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the seismic data, the time window length and the number of the seismic channels in the time window under the strong reflection stratum;
and determining a second amplitude compensation coefficient of the seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum according to the third amplitude arithmetic average value and the fourth amplitude arithmetic average value.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the compensation factor module is further configured to determine a third amplitude compensation factor for the strongly reflected region seismic data as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the seismic channel, j is the sequence number of each sample point in each seismic channel, OP3 ij OP1 as the third amplitude compensation coefficient of the jth sample point of the ith channel in the seismic data of the strong reflection area i OP2, a first amplitude compensation coefficient for the ith seismic data in the time window on the strongly reflective formation i The second amplitude compensation coefficient is the second amplitude compensation coefficient of the ith seismic data in the time window under the strong reflection stratum, and N is the number of seismic data sampling points in each seismic channel.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said third amplitude compensation factor is an amplitude compensation factor.
13. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 9 when executing the computer program.
14. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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