CN112711071B - Stratum inclination angle correction method and device - Google Patents

Stratum inclination angle correction method and device Download PDF

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CN112711071B
CN112711071B CN201911021736.6A CN201911021736A CN112711071B CN 112711071 B CN112711071 B CN 112711071B CN 201911021736 A CN201911021736 A CN 201911021736A CN 112711071 B CN112711071 B CN 112711071B
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frequency
seismic
data
vertical
thickness
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CN112711071A (en
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林腾飞
王雪玲
田中元
刘杏芳
罗贝维
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/52—Move-out correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for correcting a stratum inclination angle, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out frequency spectrum decomposition according to seismic data of a preset work area to obtain a frequency spectrum decomposition result; acquiring seismic dip angle data according to the seismic data; according to the relation among the real thickness of the stratum, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip data, the relation among the real frequency in the frequency domain, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip data is obtained by combining the seismic data; and correcting the frequency spectrum decomposition result by using the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data in the frequency domain. The invention can finish the correction of the frequency spectrum decomposition result and ensure the accuracy of the frequency spectrum decomposition result.

Description

Stratum inclination angle correction method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to a method and a device for correcting a stratum inclination angle.
Background
The frequency spectrum decomposition technology is an interpretation method of a frequency domain, is an important component in seismic attribute analysis, and is used for researching a thin layer structure and judging a deposition environment by using the change relation of frequency along with time.
Currently, the frequency in the spectral decomposition technique is calculated according to seismic traces, and the corresponding thickness is the vertical thickness of the formation. Under the condition that the horizontal or inclined angle of the stratum is ignored, the difference between the real thickness of the stratum and the vertical thickness is not large. However, when the formation is inclined, the true thickness of the formation has a proportional relationship with the vertical thickness and the formation dip angle. And its true thickness will be less than the vertical thickness. The greater the formation dip, the greater the difference between the true thickness of the formation and the vertical thickness, and the smaller the corresponding tuning frequency. The result of the spectral decomposition will be shifted overall towards lower frequencies due to the presence of the dip. Therefore, when the dip angle of the stratum exists, it is important to correct the result of the spectrum decomposition, and the prior art does not have such a correction method.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a stratum dip angle correction method, which is used for completing the correction of a frequency spectrum decomposition result and ensuring the accuracy of the frequency spectrum decomposition result, and comprises the following steps:
carrying out frequency spectrum decomposition according to seismic data of a preset work area to obtain a frequency spectrum decomposition result;
acquiring seismic dip angle data according to the seismic data;
according to the relation among the real thickness of the stratum, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip data, combining the seismic data to obtain the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip data in the frequency domain;
correcting the frequency spectrum decomposition result by using the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data in the frequency domain;
the relationship between the true thickness of the formation, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip data is:
d a ＝d r /cosθ；
wherein d is a Is a vertical thickness, d r Is true thickness, θ is seismic dip data;
the relationship between the true frequency, vertical frequency and seismic dip data in the frequency domain is:
Figure GDA0003875003160000021
where f is the true frequency, f a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation, λ is the true wavelength of the seismic waves, and d r Has a preset proportional relation.
Optionally, the vertical frequency f a The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure GDA0003875003160000022
wherein f is a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation, λ a Is vertical to seismic wavesWavelength of, which is equal to d a Has a preset proportional relation.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a stratum inclination angle correction device, which is used for completing the correction of the frequency spectrum decomposition result and ensuring the accuracy of the frequency spectrum decomposition result, and the device comprises:
the frequency spectrum decomposition module is used for carrying out frequency spectrum decomposition according to the seismic data of the preset work area to obtain a frequency spectrum decomposition result;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic dip angle data according to the seismic data;
the relation derivation module is used for acquiring the relation among the real frequency in the frequency domain, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data by combining the seismic data according to the relation among the real thickness of the stratum, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip angle data;
the correction module is used for correcting the frequency spectrum decomposition result by utilizing the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data in the frequency domain;
the relationship between the true thickness of the formation, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip data is:
d a ＝d r /cosθ；
wherein, d a Is the vertical thickness, d r Is true thickness, θ is seismic dip data;
the relationship between the true frequency, vertical frequency and seismic dip data in the frequency domain is:
Figure GDA0003875003160000023
wherein f is the real frequency, f a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation, λ is the true wavelength of the seismic waves, and d r Has a preset proportional relation.
Optionally, the vertical frequency f a The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure GDA0003875003160000024
wherein f is a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the stratum, lambda a Is the vertical wavelength of the seismic wave, its and d a Has a preset proportional relation.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the method when executing the computer program.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program for executing the above method is stored.
In the embodiment of the invention, the frequency spectrum decomposition result and the seismic dip angle data are obtained, and the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data in the frequency domain can be obtained according to the relation among the real thickness of the stratum, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip angle data and by combining the seismic data, so that the correction of the frequency spectrum decomposition result is completed, the accuracy of the frequency spectrum decomposition result is ensured, and a foundation is laid for the follow-up study of a thin layer structure and the judgment of a deposition environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of correcting formation dip in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a formation dip correction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of a dip in a formation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional tilted stratigraphic model diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic time-migration diagram of a test data seismic section in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic depth migration diagram of a test data seismic section in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of uncorrected peak frequencies for test data in a frequency domain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of uncorrected peak frequencies for test data in the depth domain in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the peak frequency of the test data after calibration in the frequency domain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the peak frequency of the test data in the depth domain after being corrected according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
The frequency in the spectral decomposition technique is calculated according to the seismic traces, and the corresponding thickness is the vertical thickness of the stratum. Under the condition that the horizontal or inclined angle of the stratum is ignored, the difference between the real thickness of the stratum and the vertical thickness is not large. However, when the formation is inclined, the true thickness of the formation has a proportional relationship with the vertical thickness and the dip angle of the formation. And its true thickness will be less than the vertical thickness. The greater the formation dip, the greater the difference between the true thickness of the formation and the vertical thickness, and the smaller the corresponding tuning frequency. The result of the spectral decomposition will be shifted overall towards lower frequencies due to the presence of the dip.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for correcting a formation dip according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step 101, performing spectrum decomposition according to seismic data of a preset work area to obtain a spectrum decomposition result.
In the present embodiment, the spectral decomposition result can be understood as the vertical frequency mentioned below.
And 102, acquiring seismic dip angle data according to the seismic data.
In this embodiment, in the depth domain, the inclination of the seismic inclination in the X-axis direction is represented as θ x The inclination angle of the seismic inclination angle in the X-axis direction is represented as theta y . In the time domain, the inclination angle of the earthquake inclination angle in the X-axis direction is recorded as p, the inclination angle of the earthquake inclination angle in the Y-axis direction is recorded as q, and then theta is calculated x 、θ y P, q are as follows:
Figure GDA0003875003160000041
q＝2tanθ y /v＝k y /ω；
Figure GDA0003875003160000042
wherein k is x And k y The instantaneous wave numbers of the seismic waves in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are respectively represented.
And 103, acquiring the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data in the frequency domain by combining the seismic data according to the relation among the real thickness, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip angle data of the stratum.
In this embodiment, fig. 3 is an exemplary diagram of the formation inclination, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the relationship between the true thickness and the vertical thickness of the formation and the seismic dip data is:
d a ＝d r /cosθ；
wherein d is a Is a vertical thickness, d r Is true thickness and θ is seismic dip data.
The relationship between the true frequency, vertical frequency and seismic dip data in the frequency domain is:
Figure GDA0003875003160000043
wherein f is the real frequency, f a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of the seismic wave in the formation, λ is the true wavelength of the seismic wave, and d r Has a preset proportional relation.
The vertical frequency f a The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure GDA0003875003160000044
wherein f is a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the stratum, lambda a Is the vertical wavelength of the seismic wave, its and d a Has a preset proportional relation.
It will be appreciated that the values of λ and d are used r Having a predetermined proportional relationship, λ a And d a The method has a preset proportional relation, so that the relation among the real frequency in the frequency domain, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip data can be deduced according to the relation among the real thickness and the vertical thickness of the stratum under the depth domain and the seismic dip data.
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional tilted formation model diagram, in FIG. 4, the vertical thickness of the formation is 100 feet, the tuning frequency is 25 Hz, and the corresponding velocity is 10000 feet/second. However, we can find that the dip angles of the sections 1, 2 and 3 in fig. 4 are different, the vertical thickness is the same (100 feet), and the true thickness should be the vertical thickness divided by the dip angle, and this method can also be applied in the frequency domain.
And step 104, correcting the frequency spectrum decomposition result by using the relation among the real frequency in the frequency domain, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data.
According to the stratum inclination angle correction method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the frequency spectrum decomposition result and the seismic inclination angle data are obtained, and the relation among the real frequency in the frequency domain, the vertical frequency and the seismic inclination angle data can be obtained according to the relation among the real thickness of the stratum, the vertical thickness of the stratum and the seismic inclination angle data and by combining the seismic data, so that the correction of the frequency spectrum decomposition result is completed, the accuracy of the frequency spectrum decomposition result is ensured, and a foundation is laid for the follow-up study of a thin layer structure and the judgment of a deposition environment.
When theta is small, f is approximately equal to f a And has little influence on the frequency decomposition result. In addition, since the riverway reservoir is always relatively flat (section 1 in fig. 4) or has a very small inclination angle (section 3 in fig. 4), good results can be obtained, and as shown in fig. 3, when the inclination angle is large enough and cannot be ignored, the video frequency obtained by the vertical thickness must be corrected to be the real frequency.
The following test data are examples to illustrate some aspects of the invention:
FIG. 5 shows time migration data for a test data seismic section, while FIG. 6 shows depth migration data for a test data seismic section. The shaded coverage is the same location in both sections, and it can be seen that the stratigraphic layers in the depth offset data are much deeper than the stratigraphic layers in the time offset data. This is because the velocity increases with time (depth). The sampling increments for the time offset data and the depth offset data are 0.002 seconds and 0.01 kilometer, respectively.
By respectively calculating the peak frequency (wave number) and the dip angle of the time domain and the depth domain offset data, the corresponding real frequency (wavelength) is obtained through calculation, and the fact that the peak frequency (wave number) is almost not different before and after dip angle correction in the region with smaller formation dip angle can be obtained; however, in the dip angle increasing region (both sides of the section), the peak frequency (wave number) is obviously increased, which has great significance for predicting the thickness of the inclined thin stratum. And, the result of the inclination correction is more obvious because the inclination of the depth domain offset data is relatively larger.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of uncorrected peak frequencies of test data in the frequency domain, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of uncorrected peak frequencies of test data in the depth domain, FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of corrected peak frequencies of test data in the frequency domain, and FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of corrected peak frequencies of test data in the depth domain. It is obvious that the peak frequency of the corrected test data is closer to the real frequency.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present invention also provide a formation inclination correction apparatus, as described in the following embodiments. Because the principle of the formation dip angle correction device for solving the problems is similar to that of the formation dip angle correction method, the formation dip angle correction device can be implemented by the formation dip angle correction method, and repeated parts are not described again. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a formation dip angle correction device, as shown in fig. 2, the device includes:
the spectrum decomposition module 201 is configured to perform spectrum decomposition according to seismic data of a preset work area to obtain a spectrum decomposition result;
a data obtaining module 202, configured to obtain seismic dip angle data according to the seismic data;
the relation derivation module 203 is configured to obtain a relation between the true frequency in the frequency domain, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip data according to a relation between the true thickness of the stratum, the vertical thickness of the stratum and the seismic dip data in combination with the seismic data;
and the correcting module 204 is configured to correct the spectrum decomposition result by using a relationship between the real frequency in the frequency domain, the vertical frequency, and the seismic dip data.
In the embodiment of the invention, the relation between the real thickness and the vertical thickness of the stratum and the seismic dip angle data is as follows:
d a ＝d r /cosθ；
wherein d is a Is the vertical thickness, d r Is true thickness and θ is seismic dip data.
In the embodiment of the invention, the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip data in the frequency domain is as follows:
Figure GDA0003875003160000061
wherein f is the real frequency, f a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation, λ is the true wavelength of the seismic waves, and d r Has a preset proportional relation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vertical frequency f a The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure GDA0003875003160000062
wherein f is a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation, λ a Is the vertical wavelength of the seismic wave, its and d a Has a preset proportional relation.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the above method when executing the computer program.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program for executing the above method is stored.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method of correcting formation dip, comprising:
carrying out frequency spectrum decomposition according to seismic data of a preset work area to obtain a frequency spectrum decomposition result;
acquiring seismic dip angle data according to the seismic data;
according to the relation among the real thickness of the stratum, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip data, combining the seismic data to obtain the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip data in the frequency domain;
correcting the frequency spectrum decomposition result by utilizing the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip data in the frequency domain;
the relationship between the true thickness of the formation, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip data is:
d a ＝d r /cosθ；
wherein d is a Is a vertical thickness, d r The true thickness is shown, and theta is seismic dip angle data;
the relationship between the true frequency, vertical frequency and seismic dip data in the frequency domain is:
Figure FDA0003875003150000011
where f is the true frequency, f a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation, λ is the true wavelength of the seismic waves, and d r Has a preset proportional relation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vertical frequency f a The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003875003150000012
wherein f is a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the stratum, lambda a Is the vertical wavelength of the seismic wave, its and d a Has a preset proportional relation.
3. A formation dip angle correcting device, comprising:
the frequency spectrum decomposition module is used for carrying out frequency spectrum decomposition according to the seismic data of the preset work area to obtain a frequency spectrum decomposition result;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic dip angle data according to the seismic data;
the relation derivation module is used for acquiring the relation among the real frequency in the frequency domain, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data by combining the seismic data according to the relation among the real thickness of the stratum, the vertical thickness and the seismic dip angle data;
the correction module is used for correcting the frequency spectrum decomposition result by utilizing the relation among the real frequency, the vertical frequency and the seismic dip angle data in the frequency domain;
the relationship between the true thickness and the vertical thickness of the stratum and the seismic dip data is as follows:
d a ＝d r /cosθ；
wherein d is a Is a vertical thickness, d r Is true thickness, θ is seismic dip data;
the relationship between the true frequency, vertical frequency and seismic dip data in the frequency domain is:
Figure FDA0003875003150000021
where f is the true frequency, f a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation, λ is the true wavelength of the seismic waves, and d r Has a preset proportional relation.
4. Device according to claim 3, characterised in that said vertical frequency f a The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003875003150000022
wherein f is a Is the vertical frequency, T is the period, v is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation, λ a Is the vertical wavelength of the seismic wave, which is in combination with d a Has a preset proportional relation.
5. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 2 when executing the computer program.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 2.
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