CN104813832A - 甜象草的栽培种植方法 - Google Patents
甜象草的栽培种植方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104813832A CN104813832A CN201510229271.9A CN201510229271A CN104813832A CN 104813832 A CN104813832 A CN 104813832A CN 201510229271 A CN201510229271 A CN 201510229271A CN 104813832 A CN104813832 A CN 104813832A
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound 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- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甜象草的栽培种植方法，采用成熟的甜象草茎节为种苗，采取无性的方式栽培，利用茎节扦插或根茎分株移栽方式，快速扩繁；在土壤、气候及管理条件较好时，直接在大田栽种植；在育苗期每天浇水保持土壤湿润，待在植株长到60厘米高时，追施一次有机肥或复合肥，在每次收割后两天，结合松土浇水追肥一次；D、收割：春季至初夏，隔行收割，收割高度在2.5米～3.5米；本方法按照春夏秋冬四季实施不同的作业流程，可以提高甜象草亩产量达到60吨-70吨，甜象草的品质高，能够满足畜禽行业的要求，并提高经济效益，缩短投资回报期，实现农业可持续发展。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及农业生产系统技术领域，具体地说涉及一种甜象草的栽培种植方法。
背景技术
[0002] 优质牧草一一甜象草属于禾本科狼尾草属植物，是热带和亚热带地区广泛栽培的一种新型高蛋白高产牧草，是中国南方诸省饲养畜禽的重要青绿饲料，种植一年可以连续采收7、8年，广东和广西的热带地区可一年四季采收。具有适应性强、繁殖快、产量高、质量好、利用期长等特点，每年可收割6-8次，目前国内统计报告每亩产量15吨左右，最高可达30吨。
[0003]目前，在行业内甜象草的种植一般为大田繁育，即甜象草一般用茎节芽苞扦插栽培。但该方法不能提高甜象草的产量，甜象草的品质低，一般来说，该方法的甜象草亩产量最高只有30吨左右，难以满足畜禽行业的要求。
发明内容
[0004] 针对上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种甜象草的栽培种植方法，本方法按照春夏秋冬四季实施不同的作业流程，可以提高甜象草亩产量达到60吨一70吨，甜象草的品质高，能够满足畜禽行业的要求，并提高经济效益，缩短投资回报期，实现农业可持续发展。
[0005] 为实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案是:
[0006] 一种甜象草的栽培种植方法，该方法的步骤为:
[0007] A、采用成熟的甜象草茎节为种苗，采取无性的方式栽培，利用茎节扦插或根茎分株移栽方式，快速扩繁；在土壤、气候及管理条件较好时，直接在大田栽种植；
[0008] Al、育苗时间:北方，4-10月育苗；南方，全年育苗；
[0009] A2、种节准备:选择茎节胸径3公分以上、芽孢萌发肥硕者的甜象草茎节制作种苗，先撕去包裹腋芽的叶片，用刀切成小段，刀口的段面应为斜面，每段保留一个节，每个节上应有一个腋芽，芽眼上部留短，下部留长，为提高成活率，有条件的可用生根粉浸条4小时；当天切成的种节当天下种，防水分丧失；
[0010] A3、苗地准备:应选择水肥光照条件良好的沙地或疏松的壤土为育苗地；亩施用有机肥6000公斤/亩，耕作起垄，垄宽50公分、高30公分，垄间距30公分，畦与畦之间做排水沟，所述农家肥为堆置发酵处理后的牛粪、菌物培养基废弃物等有机肥料；地块应深耕细作，使地表土细而疏松，土面平整；
[0011] B、下种栽培:采用茎节芽孢扦插法或牧草根兜分兜移栽法；
[0012] 将准备好的种节腋芽朝上，并与地面成45°角斜插于土壤中，节芽入土 3厘米，间距15厘米，按照一节一芽的方法将芽孢向下与垄面成45度夹角挖窝扦插、覆土 3-5公分、浇灌落根水。每亩栽种2000—3000株；
[0013] 或取分蘖旺盛、芽胞萌生多的牧草根兜，按照分取三分之一的方法将分兜部分移栽，株行距为50 X 66厘米或33 X 66厘米；
[0014] C、苗期管理:在育苗期每天浇水保持土壤湿润，下种后约7-10天开始出苗，逢晴天久旱，每隔7天浇水一次；若因浇水造成土表层板结，影响出苗、生长，应及时轻松种节周围土层，除草、追肥，待在植株长到60厘米高时，追施一次有机肥或复合肥，在每次收割后两天，结合松土浇水追肥一次，以确保牧草质量，提高牧草单位产草量。
[0015] D、收割，春季至初夏，隔行收割，从每块田的内侧计算，首先从第二行列开始，实施隔行收割；割高度宜在3.5米左右；如此可以大大增强草间空气流动性和透光性，促进甜象草快速萌芽和恢复生长，这是保证甜象草高产稳产的关键因素之一；
[0016]仲夏季节温度高，甜象草生长较缓，收割高度宜掌握在2.5米左右；
[0017] 9月中旬开始至11月底，甜象草在水肥措施有力的情况下，生长恢复旺盛，收割高度宜恢复为3.5米左右。
[0018] 隔行收割法形成通场效应，促进风、光、气的流通，延缓植物底部茎叶老化进程，牧草分蘖拔节旺盛。
[0019] 作为对上述技术方案的改进，所述排水沟按照地势走向修理通畅。
[0020] 在种植甜象草的过程中，甜象草与草菇间作。草菇间作，除了产生经济的叠加效益夕卜，采摘完结的废弃菌渣直接还田转肥，可以增加牧草生长所需的有机肥料供给；并且菌渣具有有机肥和菌肥的双重作用，并可有效降低或消除根腐、猝倒等病害，抑制病毒侵染，提高植物的抗病力。同时，可以高效保持和改善土壤的团粒结构和理化性能，增加土壤的透气性、透光性和酸碱平衡度。废弃菌渣中氮磷钾养分含量较高，铁、钙、锌、镁等微量元素含量也很丰富，生物活性成分较高，菌渣肥随着植物生产不断分解，持续为植物提供养料，实践证明可以提高甜象草株高、根量多、苗壮，并实现增产30% —40%。这也构成本发明方法保证甜象草高产稳产的关键因素。
[0021] 与现有技术相比，本发明所取得的有益效果是:
[0022] 本发明的按照春夏秋冬四季实施不同的作业流程，可以提高甜象草亩产量达到60吨一70吨，甜象草的品质高，能够满足畜禽行业的要求，并提高经济效益，缩短投资回报期，实现农业可持续发展。
[0023] 甜象草一次种植可连续采收8年，其植株高大(可高达7-8米)，根系发达，茎从生，分蘖多，叶片光滑，鞭毛少，生物里大，营养价值高，适口性好，是新型的优良牧草，在水肥管理到位的情况下，正常年份可收割4次，在优先收割期内，甜象草粗蛋白为15.1 %，粗脂肪4.3 %，糖3.02 %，氨基酸总量7.89 %，通过温室大棚种植，一年可收获5次以上，确保全年供应鲜草。
[0024] 甜象草不仅是优良牧草，还能防治水土流失，种植甜象草不年地表径流减少30%，土壤侵蚀量减轻78%，每公顷水土流失地每年减少土壤侵蚀60-70吨。
具体实施方式
[0025] 下面将结合本发明的具体实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
[0026] 实施例一
[0027] A、采用成熟的甜象草茎节为种苗，采取无性的方式栽培，利用茎节扦插或根茎分株移栽方式，快速扩繁；在土壤、气候及管理条件较好时，直接在大田栽种植；
[0028] Al、育苗时间:北方，4-10月育苗；南方，全年育苗；
[0029] A2、种节准备:选择茎节胸径3公分以上、芽孢萌发肥硕者的甜象草茎节制作种苗，先撕去包裹腋芽的叶片，用刀切成小段，刀口的段面应为斜面，每段保留一个节，每个节上应有一个腋芽，芽眼上部留短，下部留长；
[0030] 为提高成活率，有条件的可用生根粉浸条4小时；当天切成的种节当天下种，防水分丧失；
[0031] A3、苗地准备:应选择水肥光照条件良好的沙地或疏松的壤土为育苗地；亩施用有机肥6000公斤/亩，耕作起垄，垄宽50公分、高30公分，垄间距30公分，畦与畦之间做排水沟，所述排水沟按照地势走向修理通畅。；所述农家肥为堆置发酵处理后的牛粪、菌物培养基废弃物等有机肥料；地块应深耕细作，使地表土细而疏松，土面平整；
[0032] B、下种栽培:采用茎节芽孢扦插法或牧草根兜分兜移栽法；
[0033] 将准备好的种节腋芽朝上，并与地面成45°角斜插于土壤中，节芽入土 3厘米，间距15厘米，按照一节一芽的方法将芽孢向下与垄面成45度夹角挖窝扦插、覆土 5公分、浇灌落根水。每亩栽种3000株；
[0034] 或取分蘖旺盛、芽胞萌生多的牧草根兜，按照分取三分之一的方法将分兜部分移栽，株行距为50 X 66厘米或33 X 66厘米；
[0035] C、苗期管理:在育苗期每天浇水保持土壤湿润，下种后约7-10天开始出苗，逢晴天久旱，每隔7天浇水一次；若因浇水造成土表层板结，影响出苗、生长，应及时轻松种节周围土层，除草、追肥，待在植株长到60厘米高时，追施一次有机肥或复合肥，在每次收割后两天，结合松土浇水追肥一次，以确保牧草质量，提高牧草单位产草量。
[0036] D、收割，春季至初夏，隔行收割，从每块田的内侧计算，首先从第二行列开始，实施隔行收割；割高度宜在3.5米左右；如此可以大大增强草间空气流动性和透光性，促进甜象草快速萌芽和恢复生长，这是保证甜象草高产稳产的关键因素之一；
[0037]仲夏季节温度高，甜象草生长较缓，收割高度宜掌握在2.5米左右；
[0038] 9月中旬开始至11月底，甜象草在水肥措施有力的情况下，生长恢复旺盛，收割高度宜恢复为3.5米左右；
[0039] 隔行收割法形成通场效应，促进风、光、气的流通，延缓植物底部茎叶老化进程，牧草分蘖拔节旺盛。
[0040] 在种植甜象草的过程中，甜象草与草菇间作。草菇间作，除了产生经济的叠加效益夕卜，采摘完结的废弃菌渣直接还田转肥，可以增加牧草生长所需的有机肥料供给；并且菌渣具有有机肥和菌肥的双重作用，并可有效降低或消除根腐、猝倒等病害，抑制病毒侵染，提高植物的抗病力。同时，可以高效保持和改善土壤的团粒结构和理化性能，增加土壤的透气性、透光性和酸碱平衡度。废弃菌渣中氮磷钾养分含量较高，铁、钙、锌、镁等微量元素含量也很丰富，生物活性成分较高，菌渣肥随着植物生产不断分解，持续为植物提供养料，实践证明可以提高甜象草株高、根量多、苗壮，并实现增产30% —40%。这也构成本发明方法保证甜象草高产稳产的关键因素。
[0041] 实施例二
[0042] A、采用成熟的甜象草茎节为种苗，采取无性的方式栽培，利用茎节扦插或根茎分株移栽方式，快速扩繁；在土壤、气候及管理条件较好时，直接在大田栽种植；
[0043] Al、育苗时间:北方，4-10月育苗；南方，全年育苗；
[0044] A2、种节准备:选择茎节胸径3公分以上、芽孢萌发肥硕者的甜象草茎节制作种苗，先撕去包裹腋芽的叶片，用刀切成小段，刀口的段面应为斜面，每段保留一个节，每个节上应有一个腋芽，芽眼上部留短，下部留长；
[0045] 为提高成活率，有条件的可用生根粉浸条4小时；当天切成的种节当天下种，防水分丧失；
[0046] A3、苗地准备:应选择水肥光照条件良好的沙地或疏松的壤土为育苗地；亩施用有机肥6000公斤/亩，耕作起垄，垄宽50公分、高30公分，垄间距30公分，畦与畦之间做排水沟，所述排水沟按照地势走向修理通畅。；所述农家肥为堆置发酵处理后的牛粪、菌物培养基废弃物等有机肥料；地块应深耕细作，使地表土细而疏松，土面平整；
[0047] B、下种栽培:采用茎节芽孢扦插法或牧草根兜分兜移栽法；
[0048] 将准备好的种节腋芽朝上，并与地面成45°角斜插于土壤中，节芽入土 3厘米，间距15厘米，按照一节一芽的方法将芽孢向下与垄面成45度夹角挖窝扦插、覆土 3公分、浇灌落根水。每亩栽种2000株；
[0049] 或取分蘖旺盛、芽胞萌生多的牧草根兜，按照分取三分之一的方法将分兜部分移栽，株行距为50 X 66厘米或33 X 66厘米；
[0050] C、苗期管理:在育苗期每天浇水保持土壤湿润，下种后约7天开始出苗，逢晴天久旱，每隔7天浇水一次；若因浇水造成土表层板结，影响出苗、生长，应及时轻松种节周围土层，除草、追肥，待在植株长到60厘米高时，追施一次有机肥或复合肥，在每次收割后两天，结合松土浇水追肥一次，以确保牧草质量，提高牧草单位产草量。
[0051] D、收割，春季至初夏，隔行收割，从每块田的内侧计算，首先从第二行列开始，实施隔行收割；割高度宜在3.5米左右；如此可以大大增强草间空气流动性和透光性，促进甜象草快速萌芽和恢复生长，这是保证甜象草高产稳产的关键因素之一；
[0052]仲夏季节温度高，甜象草生长较缓，收割高度宜掌握在2.5米左右；
[0053] 9月中旬开始至11月底，甜象草在水肥措施有力的情况下，生长恢复旺盛，收割高度宜恢复为3.5米左右；
[0054] 隔行收割法形成通场效应，促进风、光、气的流通，延缓植物底部茎叶老化进程，牧草分蘖拔节旺盛。
[0055] 在种植甜象草的过程中，甜象草与草菇间作。草菇间作，除了产生经济的叠加效益夕卜，采摘完结的废弃菌渣直接还田转肥，可以增加牧草生长所需的有机肥料供给；并且菌渣具有有机肥和菌肥的双重作用，并可有效降低或消除根腐、猝倒等病害，抑制病毒侵染，提高植物的抗病力。同时，可以高效保持和改善土壤的团粒结构和理化性能，增加土壤的透气性、透光性和酸碱平衡度。废弃菌渣中氮磷钾养分含量较高，铁、钙、锌、镁等微量元素含量也很丰富，生物活性成分较高，菌渣肥随着植物生产不断分解，持续为植物提供养料，实践证明可以提高甜象草株高、根量多、苗壮，并实现增产30% —40%。这也构成本发明方法保证甜象草高产稳产的关键因素。
[0056] 以上所述仅是本发明的较优的实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种甜象草的栽培种植方法，其特征在于:该方法的步骤为: A、采用成熟的甜象草茎节为种苗，采取无性的方式栽培，利用茎节扦插或根茎分株移栽方式，快速扩繁；在土壤、气候及管理条件较好时，直接在大田栽种植； Al、育苗时间:北方，4-10月育苗；南方，全年育苗； A2、种节准备:选择茎节胸径3公分以上、芽孢萌发肥硕者的甜象草茎节制作种苗，先撕去包裹腋芽的叶片，用刀切成小段，刀口的段面应为斜面，每段保留一个节，每个节上应有一个腋芽，芽眼上部留短，下部留长；当天切成的种节当天下种，防水分丧失； A3、苗地准备:选择水肥光照条件良好的沙地或疏松的壤土为育苗地；亩施用有机肥6000公斤/亩，耕作起垄，垄宽50公分、高30公分，垄间距30公分，畦与畦之间做排水沟；所述农家肥为堆置发酵处理后的牛粪、菌物培养基废弃物等有机肥料；地块应深耕细作，使地表土细而疏松，土面平整； B、下种栽培:采用茎节芽孢扦插法或牧草根兜分兜移栽法； 将准备好的种节腋芽朝上，并与地面成45°角斜插于土壤中，节芽入土 3厘米，间距15厘米，按照一节一芽的方法将芽孢向下与垄面成45度夹角挖窝扦插、覆土 3-5公分、浇灌落根水。每亩栽种2000—3000株； 或取分蘖旺盛、芽胞萌生多的牧草根兜，按照分取三分之一的方法将分兜部分移栽，株行距为50 X 66厘米或33 X 66厘米； C、苗期管理:在育苗期每天浇水保持土壤湿润，下种后7-10天开始出苗，逢晴天久旱，每隔7天浇水一次；若因浇水造成土表层板结，影响出苗、生长，及时轻松种节周围土层，除草、追肥；待在植株长到60厘米高时，追施一次有机肥或复合肥，在每次收割后两天，结合松土浇水追肥一次； D、收割: 春季至初夏，隔行收割，从每块田的内侧计算，首先从第二行列开始，实施隔行收割；收割高度为3.5米； 仲夏季节温度高，甜象草生长较缓，收割高度为2.5米； 9月中旬开始至11月底，甜象草在水肥措施有力的情况下，生长恢复旺盛，收割高度为3.5 米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的甜象草的栽培种植方法，其特征在于:所述排水沟按照地势走向修理通畅。
3.根据权利要求1所述的甜象草的栽培种植方法，其特征在于:在步骤A2中，种节或用生根粉浸条4小时。
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