CN104797832B - 弹性支撑的滚动轴承装置 - Google Patents

弹性支撑的滚动轴承装置 Download PDF

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CN104797832B
CN104797832B CN201380060866.5A CN201380060866A CN104797832B CN 104797832 B CN104797832 B CN 104797832B CN 201380060866 A CN201380060866 A CN 201380060866A CN 104797832 B CN104797832 B CN 104797832B
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section
outer ring
raceway
rolling bearing
housing structure
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CN104797832A (zh
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约翰尼斯·贝登科
克里斯蒂安·普勒舍尔
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/04Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/586Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/50Positive connections
    • F16C2226/70Positive connections with complementary interlocking parts
    • F16C2226/72Positive connections with complementary interlocking parts with bayonet joints, i.e. parts are rotated to create positive interlock
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/23Gas turbine engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/042Housings for rolling element bearings for rotary movement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Abstract

一种滚动轴承,尤其是燃气涡轮机的滚动轴承,该滚动轴承包括一定数量的布置在内圈(2)与外圈(3)之间的滚动体(4);壳体结构(8),外圈(3)有弹性地固定在该壳体结构上,其中,外圈(3)一件式地构造并且具有形成用于滚动体(4)的滚道(6)的滚道区段(7)、弹簧区段(21)以及与壳体结构(8)螺接的法兰(10),其中,弹簧区段(21)由多个弹簧杆(12)构成,这些弹簧杆一侧连着在端侧与滚道区段(7)连接的转向区段(9),而另一侧连着法兰(10),并且这些弹簧杆在径向上布置在滚道区段(7)之外,并且在这种情况下,这些弹簧杆在轴向方向上一侧不伸出超过转向区段(9),而另一侧不伸出超过滚道区段(7)。

Description

弹性支撑的滚动轴承装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种滚动轴承,其特别适用于在燃气涡轮机、例如飞机的喷气式发动机中使用,并且包括弹性地连接到壳体件上的外圈。
背景技术
本文开头提到类型的滚动轴承例如由US 7,384,199 B2、US 6,443,698 B1以及US6,413,046 B1公知。在其中每一种情况下,构造为滚子轴承的向心滚动轴承的外圈在轴向方向上都通过弹簧区段被加长,该弹簧区段通过螺接方式固定在壳体件上。
发明内容
本发明的任务是:相对于所提到的现有技术、尤其是在所需要的结构空间方面,对具有弹性挂靠的外圈的滚动轴承进行改进。
根据本发明,该任务通过如下的滚动轴承来解决。这种特别适用于燃气涡轮机的滚动轴承包括:
-一定数量的布置在内圈与外圈之间的滚动体,
-壳体结构,外圈有弹性地固定在该壳体结构上,其中,外圈一件式地构造并且具有形成用于滚动体的滚道的滚道区段、弹簧区段和与壳体结构螺接的法兰,其中,
-弹簧区段由多个弹簧杆构成,这些弹簧杆一侧连着在端侧与滚道区段连接的转向区段,而另一侧连着法兰,并且这些弹簧杆在径向上布置滚道区段之外,并且在这种情况下,这些弹簧杆在轴向上一侧不伸出超过转向区段,而另一侧不伸出超过滚道区段,并且
-壳体结构包括至少一个壳体盘,
根据本发明设置:壳体结构相对于所述外圈的滚道区段形成径向的以及轴向的止挡。
在本发明中提到的术语“内圈”在功能性上来理解,并且包含了所有在径向上布置在外圈内的、能旋转的构件,滚动体在该内圈上滚动。滚动轴承在任何情况下都构造为向心轴承、优选构造为球轴承。
转向区段构造为外圈的一部分,并且可以设计成环形或者可以由弹簧杆的连着滚道区段的区段形成。在这两种情况下,通过转向区段建立起滚道区段和弹簧杆或者说弹簧杆的在径向上与滚道区段相间隔的区段之间的连接。
本发明从如下想法出发,即,在快速运行的涡轮机轴的滚动轴承中,滚动轴承外圈弹性地挂靠在壳体中是很有意义的,以便减小引入到壳体中的振动。
相对于现有技术,本发明的特征在于,弹簧杆在径向上正好布置在滚道区段之外,也就是说,在更严格的意义下的外圈之外。因此,相对于具有非弹性挂靠的外圈的滚动轴承而言,根据本发明的滚动轴承在轴向上的空间需求顶多是稍微增大。对“轴向”和“径向”的说明始终参照滚动轴承的旋转轴线。弹簧杆大部分,优选完全在轴向上延展。在两个相邻的弹簧杆之间始终存在留空部,其中,在滚动轴承的周向上观察,留空部的宽度可以与弹簧杆的宽度保持任意的关系。例如,留空部的宽度与每个弹簧杆的宽度相当。同样可能的是,留空部明显窄于或者宽于弹簧杆。弹簧杆的长度,也就是说它在轴向上的延伸尺寸并不一定非要大于它在周向上测得的宽度。
和由弹簧杆形成的弹簧区段一样,法兰构造为外圈的一部分,该法兰从弹簧区段的远离转向区段的侧出发径向向外延伸,并且优选固定在壳体盘上,该壳体盘与壳体结构的其它部分固定连接。
在优选的设计方案中,壳体结构、尤其是壳体盘在径向上以及在至少一个轴向上、优选在两个轴向上形成了相对于滚道区段的止挡。在第一个提及的情况下,也就是说,在单侧轴向止挡的情况下,壳体盘例如从外面伸进在滚道区段的端侧上形成的凹口中,而在双侧轴向止挡的情况下,壳体盘例如嵌入到在滚道区段的外周上的凹槽中。
不仅在单侧而且在两侧都通过壳体结构对滚道区段的移位进行限制的情况下,也就是说,在单侧或者两侧的轴向止挡的情况下,根据有利的改进方案,通过壳体结构附加地提供了在至少一个周向上,优选正好在一个周向对滚道区段的止挡。为了可以实现这样的设计方案,可以多件式地构造壳体结构的直接与外圈协同作用的部件。同样可行的是,以如下方式设计滚道区段以及壳体结构,即,使得外圈能够以卡口锁合的方式(Bajonettverschluss)在壳体结构中进行装配。
根据有利的改进方案,在基本上呈柱体形的滚动道区段的外表面与跟该表面径向间隔开的弹簧区段之间存在有阻尼元件,该阻尼元件可以例如由聚合物材料或者由金属泡沫制成。
本发明的优点尤其在于,通过节约空间的弹性的外圈挂靠,其可选地具有附加的阻尼装置,在所有相关的负载方向上,即在径向方向上、在两个轴向方向上以及在周向上,既提供了减震又提供了过载保护。
附图说明
下面,结合附图详细阐述本发明的实施例。其中:
图1以横截面示出燃气涡轮机的滚动轴承;
图2和图3以其它视图示出根据图1的滚动轴承的部件,
图4和图5以类似于图1的视图示出用于燃气涡轮机的滚动轴承的其它变型方案。
在所有附图中,彼此相应的或者作用相同的部件用相同的附图标记标注。
具体实施方式
在图1至图3中示出的、整体上用附图标记1标注的滚动轴承构造为球轴承,并且设置用于装入到燃气涡轮机中,用以对涡轮机轴进行支承。在滚动轴承1的原理性功能方面,参见前面所引用的现有技术。
滚动轴承1包括布置在内圈2与外圈3之间的滚动体4,即球体。代替在所示的实施例中多件式构造的内圈2,滚动体4也可以直接在轴上滚动。各个滚动体4通过未示出的保持架彼此间隔开,并且由钢或者陶瓷制成。
滚动体4在外圈3的滚道区段7上滚动。滚道区段7也被称为“在更严格意义下的外圈”。在滚道区段7的内侧上存在有用于滚动体4的沟槽状的滚道6,而滚道区段7的外侧基本上是呈柱体形的。外圈3的滚道区段7一体式地过渡到径向向外指向的转向区段9中,该转向区段在端侧连着滚道区段7。在滚道区段7与转向区段9之间的过渡区域构成外圈3的变细部5,该变细部在外圈3的内侧上构造成锥形。
在根据图1的横截面中基本上构造成U形的转向区段9又过渡成多个弹簧杆12,这些弹簧杆与滚动轴承1的轴线平行取向,并且在此与滚道区段7相间隔。
所有弹簧杆12都一体式地与法兰10连接,该法兰用螺栓11拧紧在壳体结构8上。弹簧杆12的整体被称为外圈3的弹簧区段21。外圈3通过对由钢制成的工件进行切削加工而制成。
外圈3的在轴向方向上节约空间的形式是特别有利的,该外圈的弹簧区段21正好在径向上布置在滚道区段7之外,并且在此在轴向上不伸出超过滚道区段7。同样地,法兰10在径向上布置在滚道区段7之外,并且在此在轴向上不伸出超过该滚道区段。
壳体结构8在根据图1的实施例中包括壳体盘15,该壳体盘不仅径向向内地而且也径向向外地伸出超过法兰10,并且该壳体盘以它的径向内部的边缘嵌入到在滚道区段7的外表面中的环绕的凹槽13中,在该壳体结构上固定着外圈3的法兰10。在壳体盘15的内部的边缘与凹槽13的底部之间形成缝隙,该缝隙允许滚道区段7在径向上稍微移位。由此,同时在滚道区段7与壳体结构8之间形成止挡。所提到的缝隙以如下方式确定尺寸,即,使得滚道区段7的基本上呈柱体形的外表面在任何情况下都不会碰撞到弹簧区段9或法兰10。
在滚道区段7的远离转向区段9的端侧17,通过凸缘14对凹槽13限界。由图3得知,该凸缘14被多次中断。在凸缘14的中断区段中,凹槽底部直达端侧17。壳体盘15在它的内边缘上具有多个壳体凸鼻18,它们可以嵌入到凸缘的中断区段中,并且由此可以实现将外圈3推入到壳体盘15中。在将外圈3推入到壳体盘15中之后,外圈3还能以限定的角度扭转,直至在外圈3与壳体盘15之间形成的防扭转轮廓阻止了进一步的扭转。通过这种方式,以卡口锁合的方式形成了外圈3与壳体盘15之间的协同作用。但在此,通过相应的缝隙,保持了滚道区段7在两个轴向方向上、在径向方向上以及在周向上的自由度。与周向有关的是,通过外圈3与壳体盘15之间的防扭转轮廓足以限制在一个方向上,即在内圈的并且进而燃气涡轮机的主轴的旋转方向上的扭转。
在机械功能上,也就是说在滚动轴承1的弹性的外圈挂靠方面,根据图4的实施例与根据图1的实施例是一致的。在该情况下,在弹簧区段21内部在两个弹簧杆12之间可以看到开口19。另外,还可以看到阻尼元件20,该阻尼元件在径向上布置在滚道区段7的外表面与弹簧区段21之间,并且例如构造为由弹性体制成的圈。
在根据图5的实施例中,可以看到从法兰10出发向内指向的第一壳体盘15以及从法兰10出发向外指向的第二壳体盘16,它们作为壳体结构8的组件。两个壳体盘15、16利用同一螺栓11与外圈3螺接。内壳体盘15由两个分别在180°的角度上延伸的单件组成。因此,在该情况下,即使在没有卡口锁合的情况下也可以将壳体盘15嵌入到凹槽13中,并且由此可以建立起外圈3的滚道区段7的双侧的轴向锁定。
附图标记列表
1 滚动轴承
2 内圈
3 外圈
4 滚动体
5 变细部
6 滚道
7 滚道区段
8 壳体结构
9 转向区段
10 法兰
11 螺栓
12 弹簧杆
13 凹槽
14 凸缘
15 壳体盘
16 壳体盘
17 端侧
18 壳体凸鼻
19 开口
20 阻尼元件
21 弹簧区段

Claims (8)

1.一种滚动轴承,所述滚动轴承具有:
-一定数量的布置在内圈(2)与外圈(3)之间的滚动体(4);
-壳体结构(8),所述外圈(3)有弹性地固定在所述壳体结构上,其中,所述外圈(3)一件式地构造并且具有形成用于所述滚动体(4)的滚道(6)的滚道区段(7)、弹簧区段(21)以及与所述壳体结构(8)螺接的法兰(10),
其中,
-所述弹簧区段(21)由多个弹簧杆(12)构成,所述弹簧杆一侧连着在端侧与所述滚道区段(7)连接的转向区段(9),而另一侧连着所述法兰(10),并且所述弹簧杆在径向上布置在所述滚道区段(7)之外,并且所述弹簧杆在轴向上一侧不伸出超过所述转向区段(9),而另一侧不伸出超过所述滚道区段(7),并且
-所述壳体结构(8)包括至少一个壳体盘(15、16),
其特征在于,所述壳体结构(8)相对于所述外圈(3)的滚道区段(7)形成径向的以及轴向的止挡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述壳体结构(8)相对于所述外圈(3)的滚道区段(7)形成双侧的轴向的止挡。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述壳体结构(8)还相对于所述外圈(3)的滚道区段(7)形成周向上的止挡。
4.根据权利要求3所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述壳体结构(8)多件式地构造。
5.根据权利要求3所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述壳体结构(8)以卡口锁合的方式嵌入到在所述外圈(3)的滚道区段(7)中的留空部中。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述滚动体(4)构造为球体。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于具有布置在所述滚道区段(7)与所述弹簧区段(21)之间的阻尼元件(20)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述滚动轴承是燃气涡轮机的滚动轴承。
CN201380060866.5A 2012-11-22 2013-08-28 弹性支撑的滚动轴承装置 Expired - Fee Related CN104797832B (zh)

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