CN104797453B - 用于确定电动车的增程器的运行策略的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于确定电动车的增程器的运行策略的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN104797453B
CN104797453B CN201380061882.6A CN201380061882A CN104797453B CN 104797453 B CN104797453 B CN 104797453B CN 201380061882 A CN201380061882 A CN 201380061882A CN 104797453 B CN104797453 B CN 104797453B
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increasing unit
distance increasing
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B.克施
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/52—Control modes by future state prediction drive range estimation, e.g. of estimation of available travel distance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于确定具有电动机(20)和电蓄能器(30)的电动车(100)的增程器(10)的运行策略的方法，包括以下方法步骤：探测(S1)至少一个与增程器(10)相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机(20)和/或电蓄能器(30)相关的第二类型的运行参数：和通过限制增程器(10)的利用率确定(S2)用于增程器(10)的运行策略，其中，基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数确定利用率的限制。

Description

用于确定电动车的增程器的运行策略的方法和装置
本发明涉及一种用于确定电动车的增程器的运行策略的方法和装置。
现有技术
具有增程器的机动车是以具有电驱动装置和电蓄能器的机动车为基础的。与其脱耦地设置另一个机组，该机组通过材料的化学反应和必要时通过在该另一个机组中进行的能量转换，例如从机械能形式到电能形式的能量转换，提供用于机动车的驱动系统的电驱动能量。
WO2012069199A2描述一种电流产生机组，它尤其设计成用于电驱动的机动车的增程器。
在那里描述的电流产生机组中，内燃机，最好旋转活塞发动机，和尤其公转式活塞发动机和发电机布置在一个外壳中。
DE102011118116A1描述一种具有至少一个电驱动马达和电蓄能器的电动车。在那里描述的电动车的增程装置被设计用于从燃料中产生电能。在那里描述的电动车中设置用于控制增程装置的控制装置。
在那里描述的电动车和增程装置各具有相互互补的耦联装置，用于暂时将增程装置固定在电动车上，它们允许将增程装置电动车传递电流地和控制地联接。控制装置设置用于控制至少两个不同的运行模式，即一个电动行驶模式和一个混合动力行驶模式。
DE102010002168A1描述一种通过第一电机驱动的机动车的增程器，具有用于对第一电机供能的蓄能器，作为发电机运行的第二电机，其用于产生用于对蓄能器充电的电能，用于驱动发电机的内燃机和用于整流发电机的输出电压的非受控的整流器。第二电机和整流器在那里描述的机动车中在此各以9个相位的方式实施。
EP2308708A1描述一种串联的混合动力电动车，它与内燃机连接，用于实现增程。
在那里描述的串联混合动力电动车包括发电机，其具有独立支承在发电机外壳中的转子轴，其中，盘式发电机直接地并且没有支承地构造在发动机外壳或曲轴上。内燃机在那里描述的串联混合动力电动车在借助于自动对中的正齿轮耦联到增程器系统的发电机上。
本发明的公开
本发明提出一种用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的方法，包括以下方法步骤:
-探测至少一个与增程器相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机和/或电蓄能器相关的第二类型的运行参数；和
-通过限制增程器的利用率确定用于增程器的运行策略，其中，基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数确定利用率的限制。还提出一种用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的装置，包括:
-探测机构，它被设计用于，探测至少一个与增程器相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机和/或电蓄能器相关的第二类型的运行参数;和
-控制机构，它被设计用于，基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数，通过限制增程器的利用率确定用于增程器的运行策略。
相应地提供一种用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的方法，包括以下方法步骤:探测至少一个与增程器相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机和/或电蓄能器相关的第二类型的运行参数;和通过限制增程器的利用率（使用程度）确定用于增程器的运行策略，其中，基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数确定利用率的限制。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供一种用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的装置。
用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的装置，包括:探测机构，它被设计用于，探测至少一个与增程器相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机和/或电蓄能器相关的第二类型的运行参数。
装置此外包括控制机构，它被设计用于，基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数，通过限制增程器的利用率确定用于增程器的运行策略。
本发明的优点
本发明的核心在于，减少增程器的老化和磨损，也就是说也降低增程器的由此限定的可能出现的缺陷或故障的可能性。
此外通过改进的电动车的增程器的运行策略可以有利地实现用于电动车的整个电动力系或电驱动系统的功率数据的设计目标。
因此有利地可以基于不同的前提和预定的标准，例如电动车的预定的利用，这样地设计电动车的增程器，即增程器的通过相应的运行策略限定的运行时间对应于通过司机愿望规定的对电动车的电驱动系统的运行时间的要求。
电动车的增程器也可以这样地设计，即通过增程器进行的最大可能的能量提供的比例对应于对电动车的电驱动系统的运行时间的要求。
有利的实施方式和改进方案在参照附图下由说明书中得到。
按照本发明的一个实施方式规定，增程器的利用率的限制包括限制增程器的最大功率。由此可以有利地实现增程器的使用持续时间。
按照本发明的一个实施方式规定，作为至少一个第一类型的运行参数，使得增程器的负荷分布的直方图（频率图）。这有利地允许，用于增程器的运行策略最佳地适配于增程器的负荷分布。
按照本发明的一个实施方式规定，作为至少一个第二类型的运行参数，使用电动机的接通持续时间的直方图。。由此可以有利地使用于增程器的运行策略最佳地适配于司机的使用特点（用户行为）。
按照本发明的一个实施方式规定，作为至少一个第二类型的运行参数，使用电蓄能器的充电状态。
按照本发明的一个实施方式规定，确定的运行策略通过人机接口（人机界面）显示。由此可以以简单和可靠的方式为司机显示运行策略。
按照本发明的一个实施方式规定，通过人机接口传输至少一个控制参数和基于至少一个控制参数确定利用率的限制。
按照本发明的一个实施方式规定，装置此外具有人机接口，它被设计用于，显示确定的运行策略。由此电动车的司机可以有利地被告知装置的运行状态和此时使用的运行策略。
按照本发明的一个实施方式规定，人机接口被设计用于，传输控制参数到控制机构。由此可以有利地使运行策略适配于司机的输入并且由此m在确定运行策略时考虑司机愿望。
描述的设计方案和改进方案可以任意相互组合。
本发明的其它的可能的设计方案、改进方案和实施也包括上面或者以下关于实施例描述的本发明的特征的没有明确指出的组合。
附图简述
附图应该有助于对本发明的实施方式的进一步的理解。
它们示出一些实施方式并且用于与说明书相关地解释本发明的原理和设计方案。
另外的实施方式和许多所述的优点在附图中得到。附图的示出的部件不是必要地按照相互间的比例示出的。
附图所示:
图1是按照本发明的一个实施方式的用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的装置的示意图;和
图2是按照本发明的另一个实施方式的用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的方法的流程图的示意图。
在附图中，只要没有相反的说明，相同的附图标记表示相同的或者功能相同的元件、构件、部件或方法步骤。
图1示出用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的装置的示意图。
电动车100可以设计成具有电动机的机动车或混合动力机动车或其它的机动车，其具有电动机20，电蓄能器30和增程器10。
电动车100也可以实施成插接式混合动力电机动车或插接式电机动车，由此电蓄能器30可以从电动车的100外部从固定的充电站或通过与电能供给网的其它的连接进行充电。
增程器10可以设计成一种增程器并且是电动车100中的附加的机组，它提高电动车100的行程。
增程器10可以设计成内燃机，它驱动发电机，发电机又提供电能给电蓄能器30和/或电动车100的电动机10。
此外增程器10可以设计成具有燃料电池的机组。
燃料电池例如设计成原电池，它将连续输入的燃料或者其它的工作介质和氧化剂的化学反应能转换成用于电动车100的电能。
例如可以在增程器10中使用氢氧燃料电池形式的燃料电池。
用于增程器10的电流生产的能量在与燃料或其它的工作介质的化学连接的形式下被输入。
电动机20可以设计成一种电动机，它通过行星齿轮传动机构耦联到电动车100的驱动轴上，或电动机20可以例如设计成轮毂电动机。
电动车100的电蓄能器30例如是锂基的蓄电池或设计成镍镉蓄电池或镍氢蓄电池（镍金属氢电池）或其它的蓄电池。
用于确定具有电动机20和电蓄能器30的电动车100的增程器10的运行策略的装置50包括探测机构51和控制机构52。
探测机构51可以被设计用于，探测至少一个与增程器10相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机20和/或电蓄能器30相关的第二类型的运行参数。
探测机构51可以例如设计成用于探测运行参数的传感器或与机动车内部的用于接收运行参数的总线系统的接口。
控制机构52例如被设计用于，通过限制增程器10的利用率基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数确定用于增程器10的运行策略。
用于确定运行策略的装置50此外可以具有人机接口55，它被设计用于，显示确定的运行策略。
人机接口55例如被设计用于，传输至少一个控制参数到控制机构52。
人机接口55允许操作者操作用于确定运行策略的装置50和显示装置50和/或增程器10的运行状态。
人机接口55的信息或反馈的提供或者通过具有信号灯、显示区和按键的操作台或通过其它的可视化系统来实现，该可视化系统例如在人机接口55的显示器或显示装置上示出。
控制机构52和/或探测机构51可以通过电动车100的机动车内部的总线系统，例如C总线系统，耦联。人机接口50也可以与控制机构51通过电动车100的这种机动车内部的总线系统耦联。
装置50的控制机构52可以设计成程序控制的装置和/或微控制器和/或可配置的逻辑模块和/或集成电路和/或特定应用的集成电路和/或计算机和/或嵌入式系统。
控制机构52和/或探测机构51例如设计成网络连接的技术部件。
图2示出按照本发明的另一个实施方式的用于确定具有电动机和电蓄能器的电动车的增程器的运行策略的方法的流程图的示意图。
作为用于确定运行策略的方法的第一方法步骤，探测S1至少一个与增程器10相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机20和/或电蓄能器30相关的第二类型的运行参数。
作为用于确定运行策略的方法的第二方法步骤，通过限制增程器10的利用率确定S2用于增程器10的运行策略，其中，基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数确定利用率的限制。
增程器10的利用率的限制可以包括限制增程器10的最大功率。
作为至少一个第一类型的运行参数，可以使用增程器10的负荷分布的直方图。此外作为至少一个第二类型的运行参数可以使用电动机20的接通持续时间的直方图。
此外可以通过人机接口55传输至少一个控制参数和基于至少一个控制参数确定利用率的限制。
作为至少一个控制参数，可以规定增程器10的一种针对磨损优化的运行模式。
方法步骤在此情况下可以在任意的次序下迭代地或者递归地重复实施。
用于确定运行策略的方法可以由装置50实施。
尽管上面借助于优选实施例描述了本发明，但是本发明不限于这些实施例，而是可以以多种方式和方法进行修改。本发明尤其可以在不偏离本发明的核心下以各种方式改动或修改。

Claims (11)

1.用于确定具有电动机(20)和电蓄能器(30)的电动车(100)的增程器(10)的运行策略的方法，包括以下方法步骤:
-探测(S1)至少一个与增程器(10)相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机(20)和/或电蓄能器(30)相关的第二类型的运行参数；和
-通过限制增程器(10)的利用率确定(S2)用于增程器(10)的运行策略，其中，基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数确定利用率的限制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
增程器(10)的利用率的限制包括限制增程器(10)的最大功率。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，
作为至少一个第一类型的运行参数，使用增程器(10)的负荷分布的直方图。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，
其特征在于，
作为至少一个第二类型的运行参数，使用电动机(20)的接通持续时间的直方图。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，
其特征在于，
作为至少一个第二类型的运行参数，使用电蓄能器(30)的充电状态。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，
其特征在于，
确定的运行策略通过人机接口(55)显示。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，
通过人机接口(55)传输至少一个控制参数和基于至少一个控制参数确定利用率的限制。
8.用于确定具有电动机(20)和电蓄能器(30)的电动车(100)的增程器(10)的运行策略的装置(50)，包括:
-探测机构(51)，它被设计用于，探测至少一个与增程器(10)相关的第一类型的运行参数和至少一个与电动机(20)和/或电蓄能器(30)相关的第二类型的运行参数;和
-控制机构(52)，它被设计用于，基于至少一个探测的第一类型的运行参数和/或至少一个探测的第二类型的运行参数，通过限制增程器(10)的利用率确定用于增程器(10)的运行策略。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置（50），其特征在于，
增程器(10)的利用率的限制包括限制增程器(10)的最大功率。
10.根据权利要求8和9中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
装置(50)此外具有人机接口(55)，它被设计用于，显示确定的运行策略。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置（50），其特征在于，
人机接口(55)被设计用于，将至少一个控制参数传输给控制机构(52)。
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