CN104788270A - 一种四酮类化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种四酮类化合物的制备方法,该方法以水、甲醇或乙醇为溶剂,将醛与二酮按照一定比例混合,在催化剂的存在下,15~30℃下搅拌反应,待反应完成,将反应液过滤,滤渣用适量的冷水洗涤,并真空干燥即得到目标产物;本发明绿色、安全,工艺简单、操作方便、条件温和、反应时间短,后处理程序简便,产物纯度高、收率高,具有较好的工业应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成技术领域,涉及一种四酮类化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
四酮类化合物(结构式如式Ⅵ所示)是一种重要的化学中间体,比如可作为合成各种吖啶二酮(例如激光染料等)的重要前体。近年来,有报道表明其可以用于合成酪氨酸酶抑制剂(Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 14, 344.),有可能用于临床上治疗皮肤疾病包括色素沉着和皮肤黑色素瘤的药物。有不少文献报道过四酮类化合物的合成,但是它们之中大多反应条件苛刻,使用有毒试剂,且后处理繁琐、收率低。本发明旨在提供一种环境友好、操作简单、成本低廉、收率高的四酮类化合物的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种环境友好、操作简单、收率高的四酮类化合物的制备方法,该方法是以甲醇、乙醇或水为溶剂,将醛和二酮按照1:2~1:2.1的摩尔比混合,在催化剂的催化下,15~30℃下搅拌反应,待反应完成后,过滤,滤渣用适量的冷水洗涤,再真空干燥即得四酮类化合物。
本发明所述催化剂为β-环糊精(结构式如式Ⅰ所示)、单-6-氨基β-环糊精(结构式如式Ⅱ所示)、单-6-乙二胺β-环糊精(结构式如式Ⅲ所示)、单-6-二乙烯三胺β-环糊精(结构式如式Ⅳ所示)和单-6-三乙烯四胺β-环糊精(结构式如式Ⅴ所示)中的一种,且醛与催化剂的摩尔比为1︰0.01~0.1。
本发明所述醛为芳香醛、脂肪醛或醛类似物;
其中所述芳香醛为苯甲醛、2-氯苯甲醛、对氯苯甲醛、对甲基苯甲醛、2,4-二氯苯甲醛、3,4-二氯苯甲醛、对氟苯甲醛、3-羟基苯甲醛、4-羟基苯甲醛、3-吡啶甲醛、噻吩-2-甲醛、邻硝基苯甲醛、间硝基苯甲醛、对硝基苯甲醛、邻甲氧基苯甲醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛、3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛、2,3-二甲氧基苯甲醛、2,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛、2-溴-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛、3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛、1-萘甲醛、2-萘甲醛、1-蒽甲醛、2-蒽甲醛、9-蒽甲醛、对苯二甲醛、间苯二甲醛中的一种;
所述脂肪醛为甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、环己基甲醛中的一种;
所述醛类似物为靛红、7-氟靛红、苊醌、水合茚三酮、乙醛酸乙酯中的一种。
所述二酮为1,3-环戊二酮、1,3-环己二酮、5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮、4-羟基-6-甲基-2-吡喃酮、1,3-茚二酮、乙酰丙酮、丙二酸二甲酯中的一种。
本发明所用催化剂具有高效、安全和环境友好等优点,反应工艺简单、易操作、条件温和;反应时间较短(0.5~5h),收率高(87-96%),具有良好的工业应用价值。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:苯基-2,2′-亚甲基-双-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮)的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入苯甲醛(106 mg,1 mmol)和水(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入β-环糊精(11.34 mg,0.01 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(294 mg,2.10 mmol),在30℃下搅拌反应1 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体,减压过滤,滤渣用100mL冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物352.6 mg,收率为96%;
产物的结构表征:
Mp:207℃; IR (KBr) cm-1:3442(OH), 2968,2929,2877(C-H), 1600 (C=O), 1503,1457,1424(C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.92(s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 7.25 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 7.17 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 7.10 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 5.54(s, 1H, H-7), 2.51-2.26(m, 8H, H-4/H-6/H-4′/H-6′), 1.24(s, 6H, 2×CH3), 1.11(s, 6H, 2×CH3); HRMS (ESI) m/z:calcd for C23H28O4 [M+H]+: 369.2066, found[M+H]+:369.2063。
实施例2:2-萘-2,2′-亚甲基-双-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮)的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入2-萘甲醛(156 mg,1 mmol)和乙醇(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入单-6-乙二胺-β-环糊精(58.8 mg,0.05 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(294 mg,2.10 mmol),在30℃下搅拌反应1 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体,减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物402.9 mg,收率为96%;
产物的结构表征:
Mp:218℃; IR (KBr)cm-1:3435(OH), 2962, 2916, 2871(C-H), 1606(C=O), 1509, 1392(C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.95(s, 1H), 7.74 (ddd, J=16.3, 9.1, 6.8 Hz, 3H, Ar-H), 7.51 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 7.47–7.35 (m, 2H, Ar-H), 7.23 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.7 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 5.68(s, 1H, H-7), 2.55-2.30(m, 8H, H-4/H-6/H-4′/H-6′), 1.30(s, 6H, 2×CH3), 1.10(s, 6H, 2×CH3); HRMS (ESI) m/z: calcd for C27H30O4 [M+Na]+: 441.2042, found[M+Na]+:441.2040。
实施例3:1,3-苯基-双-(2,2′-亚甲基-双-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮))的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入间苯二甲醛(134 mg,1 mmol)和水(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入单-6-二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精(60.95 mg,0.05 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(294 mg,2.10 mmol),在15℃下搅拌反应5 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体。减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物590.5 mg,收率为90%;
产物的结构表征:
Mp:303℃;IR(KBr)cm-1:3416(OH), 2929,2877(C-H), 1600(C=O), 1476,1457,1392(C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.90(s, 2H), 7.18 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 6.92 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 6.87 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 5.51(s, 2H, H-7), 2.47-2.22(m, 16H,H-4/H-6/H-4′/H-6′), 1.18(s, 12H, 4×CH3), 1.07(s, 12H, 4×CH3); HRMS (ESI) m/z: calcd for C40H50O8 [M+Na]+: 681.3403, found[M+Na]+:681.3402。
实施例4:异丁基-2,2′-亚甲基-双-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮)的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入异丁醛(72 mg,1 mmol)和水(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入单-6-三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精(63.15 mg,0.05 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(294 mg,2.10 mmol),在15℃下搅拌反应0.5 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体,减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物319.3 mg,收率为96%;
产物的表征数据:
Mp:153℃;IR(KBr)cm-1:3442(OH), 2968,2884(C-H), 1580(C=O); 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ:12.43(s, 1H), 3.44-3.47(d, 1H, H-7), 2.89-2.98(m, 1H), 2.24-2.35(m, 8H, H-4/H-6/H-4′/H-6′), 1.08(s, 6H, 2×CH3), 1.06(s, 6H, 2×CH3), 0.85(s, 3H, CH3), 0.83(s, 3H, CH3); HRMS (ESI) m/z:calcd for C20H30O4[M+Na]+: 357.2042, found[M+Na]+:357.2041。
实施例5:环己基-2,2′-亚甲基-双-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮)的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入环己基甲醛(112 mg,1 mmol)和水(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入单-6-三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精(63.15 mg,0.05 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(294 mg,2.10 mmol),在25℃下搅拌反应1 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体,减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物355.4 mg,收率为95%。
产物的结构表征:
Mp:185℃;IR(KBr)cm-1 :3442(OH), 2936,2851(C-H), 1600(C=O); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.42(s, 1H), 3.72 (dd, J=14.0, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.58(d, J=11.1 Hz, 1H, H-7), 2.57 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), , 2.30 (dt, J=29.9, 13.1 Hz, 9H), 1.24(t, J=7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.07(s, 6H, 2×CH3), 1.05(s, 6H, 2×CH3), 0.74 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 2H); HRMS (ESI) m/z: calcd for C23H34O4[M+Na]+: 397.2355 , found[M+Na]+:397.2355。
实施例6:苯基-2,2′-亚甲基-双-(1,3-环戊二酮)的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入苯甲醛(106 mg,1 mmol)和甲醇(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入单-6-氨基-β-环糊精(113.3 mg,0.1 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入1,3-环戊二酮(294 mg,2.10 mmol),在25℃下搅拌反应2 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体,减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物255.6 mg,收率为90%;
产物的结构表征:
Mp:183℃; IR (KBr)cm-1:3429(OH), 2968, 2936, 2903(C-H), 1600(C=O), 1515, 1444, 1392(C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.05(s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.17 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 5.38(s, 1H, H-7), 2.66-2.61(m, 8H, H-4/H-6/H-4′/H-6′); HRMS (ESI) m/z :calcd for C17H16O4 [M+H]+: 285.1127, found[M+H]+:285.1126。
实施例7:苯基-3,3′-亚甲基-双-(4-羟基-6-甲基-2H-2吡喃酮)的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入4-羟基-6-甲基-2-吡喃酮(126 mg,1 mmol)和水(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入β-环糊精(113.4 mg,0.1 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(287 mg,2.05 mmol),在15℃下搅拌反应1 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体,减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物306.0 mg,收率为90%;
产物的结构表征:
Mp:175℃; IR(KBr)cm-1:3429(OH), 3091, 3020(=C-H), 2936, 2858(C-H), 1684(C=O), 1619, 1574, 1502 (C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.93(s, H), 7.20(m, 5H, Ar-H), 6.03(s, 2H), 5.73(d, J=21.6 Hz, 1H, H-7), 2.27(d, J=21.5 Hz , 6H, 2×CH3); HRMS (ESI) m/z:calcd for C19H16O6 [M+Na]+: 363.0845, found[M+Na]+:363.0836。
实施例8:苯基-2,2′-亚甲基-双-(1,3-环己二酮)的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入苯甲醛(106 mg,1 mmol)和水(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入单-6-三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精(63.15 mg,0.05 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入1,3-环己二酮(235 mg,2.10 mmol),在15℃下搅拌反应1 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体,减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物298.2 mg,收率为96%;
产物的结构表征:
Mp:215℃;IR(KBr)cm-1:3305(OH), 2968,2916,2890,2825(C-H), 1613(C=O), 1736,1638 (C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.36(s, H), 7.26 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.17 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 7.10 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 5.47(s, H), 2.61 (dd, J=21.9, 18.4 Hz, 4H), 2.42 (ddd, J=34.6, 17.4, 8.5 Hz, 4H), 2.03 (m, 4H); HRMS (ESI) m/z: calcd for C19H20O4 [M+Na]+: 335.1259, found[M+Na]+:335.1257。
实施例9:甲酸乙酯基-2,2′-亚甲基-双-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮)的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入苯甲醛乙醛酸乙酯(102 mg,1 mmol)和水(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入单-6-三乙烯四胺β-环糊精(63.15 mg,0.05 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入1,3-环己二酮(235 mg,2.10 mmol),在25℃下搅拌反应5 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体。减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物341.7 mg,收率为94%;
产物的结构表征:
Mp:101℃;IR(KBr)cm-1:3442(OH), 2962, 2877 (C-H), 1606(C=O), 1762,1483,1457 (C=C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.72(s, H), 4.84(s, H), 4.15 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.34(s, 8H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.11 (s, 12H); HRMS (ESI) m/z: calcd for C20H28O6 [M+Na]+: 387.1784, found[M+Na]+:387.1785。
实施例10:7-氟-3,3-双-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-环己二酮)-1,3-2H-吲哚-2-酮的制备
于25 mL的单颈反应瓶中,加入7-氟靛红(165 mg,1 mmol)和水(5 mL),搅拌混合,再加入β-环糊精(56.70 mg,0.05 mmol),搅拌10 min,最后加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(280 mg,2 mmol),在25℃下搅拌反应2 h,TLC(硅胶G254,展开剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,其体积比4:1)检测醛已反应完全,反应液中析出大量白色固体,减压过滤,滤渣用100mL的冷水洗涤后,真空干燥得到产物371.5 mg,收率为87%;
产物的结构表征:
Mp: 308℃; IR(KBr)cm-1 :3442(OH), 3260(NH), 2975, 2910,(C-H), 1729, 1710(C=C), 1606C=O); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H, NH), 6.99 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 6.91 (m, 1H, Ar-H), 6.63 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 3.51 (s, 1H), 2.26 (m, 8H), 1.14 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 6H), 1.09 (s, 3H), 1.04 (s, 3H); HRMS (ESI) m/z: calcd for C24H26FNO5 [M+Na]+: 450.1693, found[M+Na]+:450.1688。
Claims (7)
1.一种四酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:以甲醇、乙醇或水为溶剂,将醛和二酮按摩尔比1:2~1:2.1的比例混合,在催化剂的催化下,15~30℃下搅拌反应,待反应完成后,过滤,滤渣用冷水洗涤,再真空干燥即得四酮类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的四酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:醛为芳香醛、脂肪醛或醛类似物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的四酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:芳香醛为苯甲醛、2-氯苯甲醛、对氯苯甲醛、对甲基苯甲醛、2,4-二氯苯甲醛、3,4-二氯苯甲醛、对氟苯甲醛、3-羟基苯甲醛、4-羟基苯甲醛、3-吡啶甲醛、噻吩-2-甲醛、邻硝基苯甲醛、间硝基苯甲醛、对硝基苯甲醛、邻甲氧基苯甲醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛、3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛、2,3-二甲氧基苯甲醛、2,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛、2-溴-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛、3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛、1-萘甲醛、2-萘甲醛、1-蒽甲醛、2-蒽甲醛、9-蒽甲醛、对苯二甲醛、间苯二甲醛中的一种。
4. 根据权利要求2所述的四酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:脂肪醛为甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛或环己基甲醛。
5.根据权利要求2所述的四酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:醛类似物为靛红、7-氟靛红、苊醌、水合茚三酮或乙醛酸乙酯。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的四酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:二酮为1,3-环戊二酮、1,3-环己二酮、5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮、4-羟基-6-甲基-2-吡喃酮、1,3-茚二酮、乙酰丙酮、丙二酸二甲酯中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的四酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:催化剂为β-环糊精、单-6-氨基β-环糊精、单-6-乙二胺β-环糊精、单-6-二乙烯三胺β-环糊精和单-6-三乙烯四胺β-环糊精中的一种,醛与催化剂的摩尔比为1︰0.01~0.1。
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