CN104782395A - Cultivation method for maitake - Google Patents
Cultivation method for maitake Download PDFInfo
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- CN104782395A CN104782395A CN201510131093.6A CN201510131093A CN104782395A CN 104782395 A CN104782395 A CN 104782395A CN 201510131093 A CN201510131093 A CN 201510131093A CN 104782395 A CN104782395 A CN 104782395A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for maitake, and relates to a technology for applying lentinus edodes stem feet to cultivation of the maitake. Compared with the prior art, the cultivation method has the advantages that lentinus edodes stem foot soaking material and cultivation raw material are blended and stacked to be fermented, propagation of beneficial microorganisms is promoted, microbial florae in the material are improved, and catalytic decomposition of the cultivation material is accelerated; fermented cultivation material includes high-activity beneficial microorganisms and active metabolite, and growth of maitake hyphae is promoted, which is expressed by that the hyphae grow vigorously, and the capacity of resisting infectious microbes is high; after the second flush and the third flush of mushrooms are harvested, the effect of rejuvenating the hyphae through a lentinus edodes stem foot leaching agent is good, and forming of maitake primordia and growth of fruit bodies are promoted; the biotransformation efficiency of the third flush and the fourth flush of mushrooms is high; labor and coal are saved, environment pollution is reduced, and the low-carbon and environment protection concept is met.
Description
Technical field
A kind of Grifola frondosa cultivation method of the present invention, is mushroom tang is applied to the technology in grifola frondosus cultivation, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Grifola frondosus has another name called chestnut mushroom, polyporus frondosus, lotus flower bacterium etc., a kind of food of preciousness, medicinal fungus, the lotus flower that its fruit body likeness in form is in full bloom, fan-shaped cap is layer after layer, fresh and tender fruit body aromatic flavour, be rich in amino acid, polysaccharide and bioactivator, there is the effect strengthening body immunity, prevention of various diseases.In recent years, as a kind of high-class healthy food, being in fashion the market such as Japan, Singapore, is one of main cultivated edible fungi kind of wideling popularize of the World Food Programme.
The cultivation method that grifola frondosus is traditional is cured material bag-cultured, and planting material carries out inoculated and cultured after high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization, and the contour molecular organic material of the cellulose now in material is degraded, miscellaneous bacteria in material is also killed, therefore, when planting material sends out bacterium, mycelial growth is fast, and living contaminants is few.But along with the significantly rise of the price of labour power and fuel price, grog cultivation cost increases severely, and high-temperature sterilization also causes the loss of planting material nutriment, causes biological transformation ratio to reduce simultaneously.
Mushroom is famous and precious edible one of the medicinal fungus of holding concurrently in the world, and current China mushroom production accounts for 70% of world's mushroom gross yield, has the equal mushroom culture in the province of more than 70% in China.Because mushroom stems stiffness of foot in children, content of cellulose are higher, palatability is poor, and therefore, mushroom is being eaten raw or in process, the tang of mushroom can remove as offcuts by the producer, causes the mushroom tang accounting for mushroom weight about 30% to become discarded object.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention's mushroom tang soaks expects to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, and do not add insecticide, bactericide during windrow, the planting material after fermentation is directly taped against ridge-up bed cultivation, and the grifola frondosus quality of producing is good, output is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Grifola frondosa cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
(1) prepare burden: corncob 55-65%, cotton seed hulls 17-27%, wheat bran 10-12%, mushroom tang 3-4%, lime 2-3%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described maize cob meal is broken into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in corncob, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, carry out management of producing mushroom;
(3) management of producing mushroom: after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, depending on mycelial growth situation, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml comprehensively in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 4-6kg, with rejuvenation mycelia; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
Mushroom tang is applied to the method for grifola frondosus cultivation by the present invention, and apart from outside explanation, other operating procedure is all undertaken by this area routine techniques.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
1. mushroom tang leachate is full-natural nutritive liquid, containing glucide, amino acid, peptide class, nucleic acid and trace element, bio-hormone also containing abundant species, also the bioactivator do not leached in a large number is had in mushroom stems slag, soak with mushroom tang and expect to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, promote beneficial microbe breeding, improve the microorganism species in material, accelerate the catalytic decomposition of planting material;
2. the planting material after fermentation has high activity beneficial bacterium and active metabolite thereof, has Promotive effect, show as prosperous, the anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability of mycelium growth vigor strong to the growth of grifola frondosus mycelia;
3., after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, effective with mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, have facilitation to the formation of ash tree flower primordium and the growth of fruit body, the biological transformation ratio of third and fourth damp mushroom is high;
4. save the fuel needed for high-temperature sterilization, saved the energy, eliminate the drawback increasing CO2 emission in traditional Edible Fungi.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and what do not illustrate in detail in embodiment is all state of the art.
Embodiment 1: a kind of Grifola frondosa cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: corncob 60%, cotton seed hulls 22%, wheat bran 11%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. mushroom tang soaks: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soaks 18h-24h at normal temperatures;
3. spice: first corncob, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran siccative are mixed thoroughly, then admixes mushroom tang leachate uniformly in compound together with mushroom stems slag, fully mixes thoroughly;
4. ferment: stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
5. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, during second time turning, add gypsum, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter management of producing mushroom;
6. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.02g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 6kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, fruiting is effective, and the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom reaches 63.6%, and total biological efficiency reaches 140.2%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of Grifola frondosa cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: corncob 60%, cotton seed hulls 22%, wheat bran 11%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. mushroom tang soaks: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soaks 18h-24h at normal temperatures;
3. spice: first corncob, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran siccative are mixed thoroughly, then admixes mushroom tang leachate uniformly in compound together with mushroom stems slag, fully mixes thoroughly;
4. ferment: stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
5. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, during second time turning, add gypsum, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter management of producing mushroom;
6. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 6kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom has been 48.2%, and total biological efficiency is 124.8%.
Embodiment 3: a kind of Grifola frondosa cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: corncob 60%, cotton seed hulls 22%, wheat bran 11%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. mushroom tang soaks: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soaks 18h-24h at normal temperatures;
3. spice: first corncob, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran siccative are mixed thoroughly, then admixes the leachate after removing slag uniformly in compound, fully mixes thoroughly;
4. ferment: stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
5. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, during second time turning, add gypsum, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter management of producing mushroom;
6. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.02g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 6kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, fruiting is effective, and the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom reaches 56.1%, and total biological efficiency reaches 134.2%.
Embodiment 4: a kind of Grifola frondosa cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: corncob 60%, cotton seed hulls 22%, wheat bran 11%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. mushroom tang soaks: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soaks 18h-24h at normal temperatures;
3. spice: first corncob, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran siccative are mixed thoroughly, then admixes the leachate after removing slag uniformly in compound, fully mixes thoroughly;
4. ferment: stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
5. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, during second time turning, add gypsum, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter management of producing mushroom;
6. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 6kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp mushroom has been 42.0%, and total biological efficiency is 120.1%.
table one grifola frondosus biological efficiency compares
As can be seen from Table I: the ferment effect utilizing mushroom tang leachate to add than single leachate together with the ferment effect that mushroom stems slag adds is good, and output is high; Leachate is good to the effect of rejuvenation of grifola frondosus mycelia, and third and fourth damp mushroom biological efficiency is high, obvious effect of increasing production.
Claims (1)
1. a Grifola frondosa cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, it is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: corncob 55-65%, cotton seed hulls 17-27%, wheat bran 10-12%, mushroom tang 3-4%, lime 2-3%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described maize cob meal is broken into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in corncob, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, carry out management of producing mushroom;
(3) management of producing mushroom: after the second damp mushroom, the 3rd damp mushroom are gathered, depending on mycelial growth situation, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml comprehensively in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 4-6kg; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
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| CN201510131093.6A CN104782395A (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2015-03-25 | Cultivation method for maitake |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107162679A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-09-15 | 吉林农业大学 | The cultural method of grifola frondosus cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof and grifola frondosus |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 李艳莉等: "无公害高温双孢菇生产栽培技术规程", 《中国果菜》 * |
| 王谦等: "以香菇柄为主料固态发酵茯苓菌", 《食品科技》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107162679A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-09-15 | 吉林农业大学 | The cultural method of grifola frondosus cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof and grifola frondosus |
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Application publication date: 20150722 |