CN104777077A - Liquid viscous coefficient measuring device and measuring method based on optical trap effect - Google Patents
Liquid viscous coefficient measuring device and measuring method based on optical trap effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid viscous coefficient measuring device and a measuring method based on an optical trap effect. The device comprises four modules: a single beam optical trap module, a sample pond module, a BFP position measuring module and a CCD imaging module, wherein the sample pond module is provided with to-be-measured liquid and a microsphere; the single beam optical trap module is used for capturing the microsphere in the to-be-measured liquid; the BFP position measuring module is used for probing a displacement signal of the microsphere; the CCD imaging module is used for observing the capturing effect of the microsphere; a high frequency sampling position detection module of a rear focal plane intervention system is used for outputting the position information of the captured microsphere in real time by a high frequency way. The invention further provides a method for measuring the viscous coefficient by virtue of the mechanical effect of light of the device. The method has relatively high measuring precision and can be used for dynamically detecting change of the viscous coefficient in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the device measuring liquid coefficient of viscosity, and especially a kind of mechanics effect of light measures the device of coefficient of viscosity.
Background technology
There are numerous measuring method about coefficient of viscosity and device at present.The most general principle utilizes falling ball method and poiseuille method to measure exactly.Falling ball method Main Basis Stokes formula, coefficient of viscosity is calculated by speed when measuring the solution uniform motion of spheroid in graduated cylinder, and poiseuille rule is according to Poiseuille law, demarcate coefficient of viscosity by measuring the parameters such as the fluid flow Q of two piezometric tube and pressure difference.Falling ball method needs to measure the more physical quantitys such as liquid height, graduated cylinder internal diameter, at the uniform velocity distance of fall and time, bead internal diameter and density, and poiseuille method needs to measure piezometric tube pipe range, internal diameter, pressure difference and volumetric flow rate.
And utilize the mechanics effect of light measurement liquid coefficient of viscosity to be feasible in theory, but there is not been reported.According to quantum theory, light beam is that a group has again the photon of momentum with light velocity motion, existing quality.When photon incides dielectric surface, refraction and reflection occur, the speed of photon and direction change, and cause the change of its momentum vector.Just can be released by the law of conservation of momentum, when the incident microballoon of light beam, the momentum change amount of photon is exactly the momentum change amount of microballoon.So light beam exists the effect of power to microballoon, be called optical radiation pressure.Optical radiation pressure include along direction of beam propagation scattering force and always point to light intensity compared with the gradient force of strength.Under the effect of these two power, light beam can catch microballoon in certain area, even it is stabilized in certain ad-hoc location, this region is called ligh trap.
For the stable ligh trap that laser beam is formed, in certain limit, its trapping stiffness is directly proportional to the distance that microballoon offsets trap center, and this ratio is called the stiffness coefficient (unit: N/m) of ligh trap.Research shows, when the microballoon in solution by ligh trap is stable catch time, its equation of motion depends on the rigidity of ligh trap and the coefficient of viscosity of solution, the power spectrum of the displacement of microballoon square meets the form (M.W.Allersma of long-range navigation thatch power spectrum, F.Gittes, M.J.deCastro, R.J.Stewart, and C.F.Schmidt, " Two ?dimensionaltracking of ncd motility by back focal plane interferometry; " Biophys.J.742,1074 – 10851998).
If carry out Fourier transform to the signal square in time domain of captured microballoon displacement, then can obtain shape long-range navigation thatch power spectrum form as shown in Figure 3, break frequency in figure is signal attenuation to frequency during 3dB, and its spectrum signal break frequency on frequency domain meets formula 1 simultaneously:
f
o＝k/(2πβ) (1)
In formula: f
0for the squared spectral break frequency of displacement, k is Optical Trap Stiffness, and β is the coefficient of viscosity of liquid.
Its motion of microballoon captured in liquid environment can think that simple harmonic quantity potential well is moved, and according to energy equipartion law, its Optical Trap Stiffness k can be obtained by formula (2)
In formula: k
bfor the graceful constant of Bohr thatch, T is liquid environment temperature, and y is the one dimension displacement of the captured microballoon on Optical Trap Stiffness correspondence direction, y
meanthe mean value of displacement for this reason.
By calculating Optical Trap Stiffness k, and measured the displacement square spectrum of microballoon by high frequency position measuring system, can in the hope of the coefficient of viscosity of solution.
Although what measure coefficient of viscosity according to this principle is feasible in theory, but realize the more difficult realization of high sample frequency high-acruracy survey that light in liquid environment catches the positional information of microballoon, although common CCD displacement measurement precision is very high, but be limited to its frame per second to be difficult to obtain higher sample frequency, and additive method more difficult realization in the measuring accuracy of um rank.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of liquid coefficient of viscosity measurement mechanism based on ligh trap effect and measuring method.
Utilize the mechanics effect of light to measure a device for coefficient of viscosity, comprise four modules: single beam ligh trap module, sample cell module, BFP position measuring module, CCD image-forming module;
Sample cell module is provided with testing liquid and microballoon, in testing liquid, microballoon is caught by single beam ligh trap module, the displacement signal of microballoon is detected by BFP position measuring module, CCD image-forming module is used for observing the capture effect of microballoon, and back focal plane interference system (BFP) high frequency sampling location detecting module is used for high frequency and exports the positional information of captured microballoon in real time.
Described single beam ligh trap module comprises laser instrument, collimation lens L5, mirror M 1, mirror M 2, lens L3, lens L4, dichronic mirror D1, mirror M 45, object lens OBJ;
Laser instrument sends laser from tail optical fiber, namely catches light beam, collimates through collimation lens L5, after mirror M 1, mirror M 2, expands through lens L4, lens L3, after dichronic mirror D1 and mirror M 45 reflect, is formed stablize ligh trap by object lens OBJ in sample cell.
Described sample cell module comprises sample cell and stepper motor, is provided with closed chamber in sample cell, and closed chamber adopts thin slice punching or grooving technique, and seals with cover glass after adding testing liquid and microballoon and introduce error to intercept flow perturbation.
Described BFP position measuring module comprises condenser CD, dichronic mirror D2, lens L1, neutral gray scale filter ND, quadrant detector successively.
Described CCD image-forming module comprises imaging len L1, mirror M 3, CCD successively.
Described microballoon is the optical-quality homogeneous transparent beads of size in um to mm magnitude, to meet in respective liquid environment that captured light is stable catches, and material is polystyrene or silicon dioxide.
Described testing liquid is optical-quality homogeneous medium, and the laser that laser instrument sends and the luminous energy that lighting source sends evenly pass through.
The measuring method of described device, by the extraction of microballoon displacement signal and process, and try to achieve coefficient of viscosity according to the solution of the equation of motion, the described equation of motion is f
o=k/ (2 π β),
In formula: f
0for the relative ligh trap the center displacement of captured microballoon square frequency spectrum break frequency, k is Optical Trap Stiffness, and β is the coefficient of viscosity of liquid.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Utilize liquid to float the captured displacement of microballoon and the correlativity of coefficient of viscosity in ligh trap, propose a kind of device utilizing the mechanics effect of light to measure liquid coefficient of viscosity, the physical quantity of required measurement is less, and has higher measuring accuracy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the liquid coefficient of viscosity measurement mechanism that the present invention is based on ligh trap effect;
Fig. 2 is the index path that measurement mechanism realizes;
Fig. 3 be to the displacement of microballoon square a typical case of spectrum curve, in figure, power spectrum density decays to 3dB place and is break frequency.
Embodiment
The measurement of the present invention by adopting back focal plane interferometric method (BFP method) to realize the high precision high sample frequency of microballoon displacement, quadrant detector is adopted to collect through microballoon and not through the capturing optical interference image of microballoon in BFP system, interference image inherently can carry the higher displacement information of precision, quadrant detector is then that thus the size of demarcating relative displacement according to the form of difference current has higher sample frequency, can meet the requirement of alliance detection.
The basic functional principle utilizing the mechanics effect of light to measure liquid coefficient of viscosity utilizes the displacement high frequency kinetic measurement of captured microballoon in liquid floating ring border to calculate coefficient of viscosity.Microballoon is dispersed in solution to be measured in sample cell, and the laser sent by light source, after collimating, expanding, enters object lens and is focused formation ligh trap, polymeric microspheres stabilize is captured in ligh trap immediate vicinity.The light that lighting source sends after microballoon in CCD imaging system imaging to observe.The dynamic position of microballoon is measured and is realized by BFP method (back focal plane interferometric method), catching laser and not interfering formation interference fringe by the laser of microballoon on the back focal plane of lens namely by microballoon, the back focal plane that QPD (four-quadrant photo detector) is placed in these lens gathers this interference fringe, and by the principle of work of QPD, and the form of the differential voltage of corresponding quadrant calculates the displacement information that microballoon departs from ligh trap with carrying out dynamic realtime.
By carrying out corresponding signal transacting to displacement information, we can calculate two physical quantitys: the break frequency f on the spectrogram of displacement square
0, and the rigidity k of ligh trap; By formula (1), we just can in the hope of the coefficient of viscosity β of liquid.
With reference to Fig. 1, utilize the mechanics effect of light to measure the device of coefficient of viscosity, described device comprises four modules: single beam ligh trap module, sample cell module, BFP position measuring module, CCD image-forming module.
Sample cell module is provided with testing liquid and microballoon, in testing liquid, microballoon is caught by single beam ligh trap module, the displacement signal of microballoon is detected by BFP position measuring module, CCD image-forming module is used for observing the capture effect of microballoon, and back focal plane interference system (BFP) high frequency sampling location detecting module is used for high frequency and exports the positional information of captured microballoon in real time.
With reference to Fig. 2, described single beam ligh trap module comprises laser instrument, collimation lens L5, mirror M 1, mirror M 2, lens L3, lens L4, dichronic mirror D1, mirror M 45, object lens OBJ; Laser instrument sends laser from tail optical fiber, namely catches light beam, collimates through collimation lens L5, after mirror M 1, mirror M 2, expands through lens L4, lens L3, after dichronic mirror D1 and mirror M 45 reflect, is formed stablize ligh trap by object lens OBJ in sample cell.More than M45 place dotted line represent perpendicular to the light path system on surface level, below dotted line, represent the light path system on surface level.
Described sample cell module comprises sample cell and stepper motor, closed chamber is provided with in sample cell, closed chamber adopts thin slice punching or grooving technique, and seal with cover glass after adding testing liquid and microballoon and introduce error (be provided with testing liquid in closed chamber during measurement, micron dimension microballoon coverlet light beam ligh trap stable catches) to intercept flow perturbation.
Described BFP position measuring module comprises condenser CD, dichronic mirror D2, lens L1, neutral gray scale filter ND, quadrant detector successively.Its light path is configured to the light path system of more than sample cell, this optical system is a back focal plane interferometric method system BFP, laser through sample cell is collected by condenser CD, the back focal plane being reflected in lens L1 through dichronic mirror D2 interferes, and quadrant position detector is placed on this back focal plane and is used for gathering interference fringe pattern.
Described CCD image-forming module comprises imaging len L1, mirror M 3, CCD successively, the light that lighting source sends, through dichronic mirror D2, expand through condenser CD and enter sample cell, collected by object lens OBJ, reflect through mirror M 45, transmission dichronic mirror D1, is imaged on CCD through lens L2.Object lens OBJ and lens L2 forms a microscopic system, and the picture signal that the microballoon that CCD exports is captured can be observed by computing machine.
Described microballoon is the optical-quality homogeneous transparent beads of size in um to mm magnitude, to meet in respective liquid environment that captured light is stable catches, and material is polystyrene or silicon dioxide.
Described testing liquid is optical-quality homogeneous medium, and the laser that laser instrument sends and the luminous energy that lighting source sends evenly pass through.
The measuring method of described device, by the extraction of microballoon displacement signal and process, and try to achieve coefficient of viscosity according to the solution of the equation of motion, the described equation of motion is f
o=k/ (2 π β),
In formula: f
0for the relative ligh trap the center displacement of captured microballoon square frequency spectrum break frequency, k is Optical Trap Stiffness, and β is the coefficient of viscosity of liquid.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 2, first before sample cell does not add solution and microballoon, open laser instrument, regulate the position of quadrant detector (QPD) to make the V of QPD by fine setting
x ?diffand V
y ?diffoutput is 0, namely achieves the position zero of row QPD, ensures QPD center alignment ligh trap center position; In sample cell, add testing liquid and captured microballoon, carried out the demarcation of QPD output voltage/microballoon shift factor by aforementioned stepper motor method.Namely microballoon is by after stable catching, to sample cell by stepper motor each stepping known distance (magnitude is about tens nm), and record QPD output voltage now, general about scanning range is the distance of several um level, when the Shu of an axis go out electricity Ya ?step distance Drawing of Curve complete after, by QPD position zero and in the horizontal direction response curve is drawn in scanning on another orthogonal axes, according to final Shu go out electricity Ya ?step distance relation can convert the QPD voltage signal in subsequent experimental to microballoon displacement signal.In actual measured results, can find that QPD output voltage and microballoon offset ligh trap center within the specific limits and be approximated to direct ratio, therefore we can draw electricity pressure ?displacement line sex factor k
0(k
0=QPD output voltage V/ microballoon offsets, unit: V/m), pass through k
0the voltage signal that QPD exports can be converted to corresponding displacement signal by us.
Complete electricity Ya ?displacement line sex factor demarcation after, is made zero in QPD position, and catches stable in testing liquid for microballoon, measure QPD output voltage signal value in a period of time, namely V ?t figure, and respective handling is carried out to this signal.
QPD is placed on can in the motor platform of accurate stepper drive, and this motor platform is mainly in order to the position zero of QPD and the demarcation of output voltage/microballoon shift factor (unit is V/m).Neutral gray scale filter ND effect weakens light intensity avoid QPD to be damaged by high light without gamut, when microballoon is positioned at ligh trap center, the differential voltage signal exported due to symmetry principle QPD is zero, when microballoon skew ligh trap center, and the differential voltage signal that QPD will export offset distance sensitivity; Principle of work due to QPD does difference processing to the voltage in four symmetrical regions, thus very high sample frequency can be obtained, MHz magnitude can be reached, and the positional precision adopting interferometric method to measure can reach nm rank, can meet system dynamically, high-frequency, high-precision position measurement requirement.
The position zero of QPD refers to when microballoon is in ligh trap center, corresponding QPD output voltage differential signal is zero, the position at ligh trap center is also the center with a tight waist of light beam simultaneously, its implementation is: before not adding liquid and microballoon in initial sample pond, laser instrument directly sends light beam and is imaged on QPD through light path system, differential voltage V QPD being exported by the position, position of finely tuning QPD
x ?diffand V
y ?diffbe 0, now namely the corresponding QPD output signal in ligh trap center is zero.
What QPD exported is differential voltage signal, and the displacement signal being transformed into microballoon from voltage signal also needs a conversion factor k
0(unit V/m), conversion factor can be realized by stepping standardization, ensure QPD position zero, after microballoon being captured in ligh trap center, to sample cell by stepper motor each stepping known distance (magnitude is about tens nm), and record QPD output voltage now, general about scanning range is the distance of several um level, when the Shu of an axis go out electricity Ya ?step distance Drawing of Curve complete after, by QPD position zero and in the horizontal direction response curve is drawn in scanning on another orthogonal axes, according to final Shu go out electricity Ya ?step distance be related to that we can convert the QPD voltage signal in subsequent experimental to microballoon displacement signal.
Output signal process is divided into two kinds of patterns, and one is in time domain, first logical superpotential ?displacement line sex factor k
0the voltage signal that QPD exports is converted to displacement signal, and its variance is tried to achieve to the discrete value of this displacement signal, according to formula (2), record fluid temperature and can calculate Optical Trap Stiffness k.
Another kind is on frequency domain, first will make new curve map after voltage squared, namely makes V by V ?t figure
2?t figure, then to V
2?t figure carry out Fourier transform, frequency response curve is tried to achieve its break frequency, frequency values corresponding when break frequency is defined as signal attenuation 3dB, the Optical Trap Stiffness k calculated by this break frequency value and above formula, once obtain Optical Trap Stiffness k and break frequency f
0according to formula (1), coefficient of viscosity can be tried to achieve.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted.Although with reference to embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. utilize the mechanics effect of light to measure a device for coefficient of viscosity, it is characterized in that, described device comprises four modules: single beam ligh trap module, sample cell module, BFP position measuring module, CCD image-forming module;
Sample cell module is provided with testing liquid and microballoon, in testing liquid, microballoon is caught by single beam ligh trap module, the displacement signal of microballoon is detected by BFP position measuring module, CCD image-forming module is used for observing the capture effect of microballoon, and back focal plane interference system high frequency sampling location detecting module is used for high frequency and exports the positional information of captured microballoon in real time.
2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described single beam ligh trap module comprises laser instrument, collimation lens L5, mirror M 1, mirror M 2, lens L3, lens L4, dichronic mirror D1, mirror M 45, object lens OBJ;
Laser instrument sends laser from tail optical fiber, namely catches light beam, collimates through collimation lens L5, after mirror M 1, mirror M 2, expands through lens L4, lens L3, after dichronic mirror D1 and mirror M 45 reflect, is formed stablize ligh trap by object lens OBJ in sample cell.
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sample cell module comprises sample cell and stepper motor, closed chamber is provided with in sample cell, closed chamber adopts thin slice punching or grooving technique, and seals with cover glass after adding testing liquid and microballoon and introduce error to intercept flow perturbation.
4. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described BFP position measuring module comprises condenser CD, dichronic mirror D2, lens L1, neutral gray scale filter ND, quadrant detector successively.
5. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described CCD image-forming module comprises imaging len L1, mirror M 3, CCD successively.
6. device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described microballoon is the optical-quality homogeneous transparent beads of size in um to mm magnitude, to meet in respective liquid environment that captured light is stable catches, and material is polystyrene or silicon dioxide.
7. device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described testing liquid is optical-quality homogeneous medium, and the laser that laser instrument sends and the luminous energy that lighting source sends evenly pass through.
8. the measuring method of device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by the extraction of microballoon displacement signal and process, and try to achieve coefficient of viscosity according to the solution of the equation of motion, the described equation of motion is
,
In formula: f
0for the relative ligh trap the center displacement of captured microballoon square frequency spectrum break frequency, k is Optical Trap Stiffness, and β is the coefficient of viscosity of liquid.
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| CN106526154A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏师范大学 | Measurement method of erythrocyte shear modulus, and measurement method of oxygen carrying capacity of blood |
| CN108645751A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-12 | 浙江大学 | A kind of measurement method and device of the dynamic viscosity based on light suspended particulates |
| CN109444047A (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2019-03-08 | 天津大学 | A kind of efficient implementation method of unimolecule mechanical test |
| CN110672465A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Device and method for measuring viscosity coefficient of micro-area space liquid by utilizing photoinduced orbital rotation technology |
| CN111044417A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-21 | 之江实验室 | Device for detecting particle size by using mechanical effect of light and testing method |
| CN113884408A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-04 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Liquid viscosity measuring device and method based on optical trap rigidity calibration |
| CN114563307A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for measuring viscosity coefficient of fluid by using step wheel pendulum resonance method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106526154A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏师范大学 | Measurement method of erythrocyte shear modulus, and measurement method of oxygen carrying capacity of blood |
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| CN108645751B (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2020-05-19 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for measuring dynamic viscosity based on light suspended particles |
| CN109444047A (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2019-03-08 | 天津大学 | A kind of efficient implementation method of unimolecule mechanical test |
| CN110672465A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Device and method for measuring viscosity coefficient of micro-area space liquid by utilizing photoinduced orbital rotation technology |
| CN111044417A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-21 | 之江实验室 | Device for detecting particle size by using mechanical effect of light and testing method |
| CN113884408A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-04 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Liquid viscosity measuring device and method based on optical trap rigidity calibration |
| CN114563307A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for measuring viscosity coefficient of fluid by using step wheel pendulum resonance method |
| CN114563307B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-11-24 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for measuring fluid viscosity coefficient by using stepping wheel pendulum resonance method |
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Application publication date: 20150715 |