CN108645751B - Method and device for measuring dynamic viscosity based on light suspended particles - Google Patents
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
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- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005653 Brownian motion process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring dynamic viscosity based on light suspended particles. The measuring method comprises the steps of stably capturing particles in a sample to be measured by using a capture light beam, applying a modulation light beam to the particles in a capture potential well, wherein the light power of the modulation light beam is regulated by an excitation signal, and the particles generate response motion after being acted by the modulation light beam; the real-time motion curve of the particles is obtained by detecting the light power change of the scattered light of the captured light beam, and the resonant frequency and the viscous damping are obtained by parameter fitting of the motion curve, so that the dynamic viscosity of the sample to be detected is obtained. The measuring device comprises a sample module, a capture optical trap module, an excitation modulation module and a motion detection module. The invention adopts an optical non-contact method to measure the dynamic viscosity of the sample, has high measurement precision and high response speed, and can dynamically detect the change of the dynamic viscosity of the sample under the conditions of different temperatures, air pressures and the like in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical trap measuring device applied to the field of optical engineering, in particular to an optical trap measuring device for performing precision measurement by utilizing optical suspension and a measuring method thereof.
Background
Dynamic viscosity is one of the important material properties and technical indicators of a fluid. The accurate determination of dynamic viscosity is of great significance in many industrial sectors and scientific research fields, especially in the chemical, refrigeration, energy and material industries. For the measurement of the low-viscosity fluid, a capillary method, a torsional vibration method, a falling ball method, a rotating cylinder method, or the like is generally employed. The methods are difficult to obtain accurate numerical values under high pressure conditions, are difficult to measure the viscosity of the gas, have narrow measurement range and have low measurement accuracy.
The optical trap technology is based on the interaction mechanism of photon momentum and micro-nano scale medium, and is a high-precision, high-sensitivity and non-contact measuring means. In the field of optical trap research, it is a conventional method to measure the viscosity coefficient of a liquid using the power spectrum of the brownian motion of particles in an optical trap. However, this method is only suitable for the detection of liquid samples and requires precise calibration of the voltage scaling factor of the signal of the detector for detecting the particle motion.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for measuring the dynamic viscosity based on optical suspended particles.
A method for measuring dynamic viscosity based on light suspended particles comprises the steps of firstly utilizing a capture light beam to stably capture particles in a sample to be measured, then applying a beam of modulation light beam to the particles in a capture potential well, wherein the light power of the modulation light beam is adjusted by an excitation signal, and the particles generate response movement after being subjected to the acting force of the modulation light beam; the real-time motion curve of the particles is obtained by detecting the light power change of the scattered light of the captured light beam, and the resonant frequency omega is obtained by parameter fitting of the motion curve0and viscous damping beta, thereby obtaining the dynamic viscosity η of the sample to be measured.
The measuring method is used for dynamically detecting the change of dynamic viscosity of the sample under different temperature and air pressure conditions in real time.
According to the measurement method, when the modulated light beam is not applied, a capture potential well formed by the capture light beam is a resonant system, the captured particles vibrate in a simple harmonic mode, and the motion equation is as follows:
resonant frequency of omega0the viscous damping is β ═ gamma/m, the friction coefficient is gamma-6 pi R η, the particle Brownian motion random acting force is lambda ξ (T), wherein R is the radius of the particle, m is the mass of the particle, η is the dynamic viscosity of the sample to be measured at the temperature T, and the time average of the random process xi (T)<ξ(t)>＝0。
The excitation signal adopts a square wave signal, the particles generate step response to the acting force of the modulated light beam, and the analytic expression of the particle motion after time averaging is as follows:
wherein
Is the damping rate; obtaining resonant frequency omega by parameter fitting of motion curve0and viscous damping β.
The radius and the mass of the particles are known or obtained, and the resonant frequency omega is obtained according to fitting0and obtaining the dynamic viscosity η of the sample to be measured by the viscous damping beta.
A measuring device for realizing the method comprises a sample module, a capture optical trap module, an excitation modulation module and a motion detection module;
the sample module comprises particles and a sample to be detected: the particles are optically uniform medium microspheres, the radius and the mass of the particles are known, and the size is nm to um magnitude; suspending the particles in a sample to be detected, and storing the particles in a closed cavity; the sample to be tested is liquid or gas;
the trapping optical trap module comprises a first laser, a first collimating lens, a second collimating lens, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a first reflector, a second reflector, a third reflector, a first converging lens and a second converging lens;
the first laser emits capture laser, and the capture laser is collimated by the first collimating lens and the second collimating lens and then divided into two beams A and B by the first beam splitter; the light beam A sequentially passes through the first reflector and the first converging lens, the light beam B sequentially passes through the second beam splitter, the second reflector, the third reflector and the second converging lens, and the two light beams are converged oppositely at the same focus to form a double-beam capturing light trap;
the excitation modulation module comprises a second laser, a third collimating lens, a fourth collimating lens, an acousto-optic modulator, a fourth reflector, a third converging lens, a signal generator and a radio frequency driver;
the second laser emits a modulated light beam, and the modulated light beam sequentially passes through a third collimating lens, a fourth collimating lens, an acousto-optic modulator, a fourth reflector and a third converging lens and is irradiated on the stably captured particles;
the signal generator sends out a modulation signal, the acousto-optic modulator is driven by the radio frequency driver, and the optical power of the modulated light beam passing through the acousto-optic modulator is modulated; the modulation signal is an electric signal with known signal characteristics;
the sample to be measured is an optical uniform medium, and the captured light beam and the modulated light beam can uniformly pass through the optical uniform medium;
the motion detection module comprises a spectroscope, a fifth reflector, a fourth converging lens, a fifth converging lens and a balance detector;
the scattered light of the captured light beam A by the particle pair sequentially passes through a second converging lens, a third reflector, a second beam splitter and a spectroscope; the spectroscope divides the scattered light into two beams, and the two beams respectively pass through a fourth converging lens, a fifth reflector and a fifth converging lens and enter two probes of the balanced detector;
the spectroscope can detect the motion information of the particles in the direction of the optical axis of the modulated light beam, and the light splitting direction of the scattered light by the spectroscope is consistent with the light power change direction of the scattered light.
The beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in several aspects:
the invention adopts an optical non-contact means, has high measurement precision and high response speed, and can dynamically detect the change of dynamic viscosity of the sample under the conditions of different temperatures, air pressures and the like in real time;
the dynamic viscosity of the sample can be accurately measured only by micro-nano standard particles and a small amount of sample to be measured without a complex mechanical structure;
the invention does not need to accurately calibrate the voltage proportionality coefficient of the particle motion signal detected by the detector, has less measurement error items and higher measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of optical power of a modulated beam modulated by a square wave signal;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the differential signal detected by the balanced detector when the microsphere is modulated by the captured light beam;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the step response detected by the balanced detector after averaging over multiple cycles.
In the figure, a first laser 1, a first collimating lens 2, a second collimating lens 3, a first beam splitter 4, a second beam splitter 7, a first reflector 5, a second reflector 8, a third reflector 9, a first converging lens 6, a second converging lens 10, a second laser 11, a third collimating lens 12, a fourth collimating lens 13, an acousto-optic modulator 14, a fourth reflector 15, a third converging lens 16, a signal generator 17, a radio frequency driver 18, a beam splitter 19, a fifth reflector 20, a fourth converging lens 21, a fifth converging lens 22, a balance detector 23 and a closed cavity 24 are shown.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
A method for measuring dynamic viscosity based on light suspended particles comprises the steps of firstly utilizing a capture light beam to stably capture particles in a sample to be measured, then applying a beam of modulation light beam to the particles in a capture potential well, wherein the light power of the modulation light beam is adjusted by an excitation signal, and the particles generate response movement after being subjected to the acting force of the modulation light beam; the real-time motion curve of the particles is obtained by detecting the light power change of the scattered light of the captured light beam, and the real-time motion curve is obtained by parameter fitting of the motion curveTo the resonant frequency omega0and viscous damping beta, thereby obtaining the dynamic viscosity η of the sample to be measured.
Referring to fig. 1, a device for measuring dynamic viscosity based on optical suspended particles includes a sample module, a trapping optical trap module, an excitation modulation module and a motion detection module.
The sample module comprises particles and a sample to be tested: the particles are silicon dioxide uniform medium microspheres commonly used in the field of optical suspension; the silica microspheres are standard size samples with a known radius R ═ 5 μm, and can be calibrated accurately in conjunction with a high magnification microscope. The sample to be measured is air at normal temperature, the closed cavity 24 is filled, and the closed cavity 24 is a vacuum cavity.
The trapping light trap module comprises a first laser 1, a first collimating lens 2, a second collimating lens 3, a first beam splitter 4, a second beam splitter 7, a first reflector 5, a second reflector 8, a third reflector 9, a first converging lens 6 and a second converging lens 10; YVO is a Nd wavelength 1064nm wavelength selective first laser 14A light source; captured light emitted by the first laser 1 is collimated by the first collimating lens 2 and the second collimating lens 3 and then is divided into two paths of light beams A and B by the first beam splitter 4 with the beam splitting ratio of 50: 50; the light beam A sequentially passes through a first reflector 5 and a first converging lens 6, the light beam B sequentially passes through a second beam splitter 7, a second reflector 8, a third reflector 9 and a second converging lens 10, and the two light beams are oppositely converged at the same focus to form a double-beam capturing optical trap; in order to ensure the stability of the trapping optical trap, the optical axes of a light beam A and a light beam B which are incident into a vacuum cavity need to be adjusted to be parallel and oppositely transmitted; the first converging lens 6 and the second converging lens 10 are compatible with a vacuum environment, have a high numerical aperture NA of 0.4, and ensure the converging effect of the captured light beams.
The excitation modulation module comprises a second laser 11, a third collimating lens 12, a fourth collimating lens 13, an acousto-optic modulator 14, a fourth reflector 15, a third converging lens 16, a signal generator 17 and a radio frequency driver 18; the second laser 11 can be a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 532 nm; the second laser 11 emits a modulated light beam, which sequentially passes through a third collimating lens 12, a fourth collimating lens 13, an acousto-optic modulator 14, a fourth reflector 15 and a third converging lens 16, and irradiates on the microspheres which are stably captured.
The signal generator 17 is an FPGA communication module and sends out square wave modulation signals with duty ratio of 50% and period of 40ms through the instruction of an upper computer; the peak-to-peak voltage value of the square wave modulation signal is 0.5V and is lower than the maximum input voltage 1V of the radio frequency driver 18; the acousto-optic modulator 14 is driven by a radio frequency driver 18, and carries out corresponding square wave modulation on the optical power of the modulated light beam passing through the acousto-optic modulator 14; the optical axis direction of the modulated light beam is perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the captured light beam.
The motion detection module comprises a spectroscope 19, a fifth reflector 20, a fourth converging lens 21, a fifth converging lens 22 and a balance detector 23; acquiring the movement information of the microspheres in the direction of the optical axis of the modulated light beam by detecting the scattered light of the microspheres on the captured light beam A; the scattered light and the captured light beam B reversely propagate and sequentially pass through a second converging lens 10, a third reflector 9, a second reflector 8, a second beam splitter 7 and a spectroscope 19; the spectroscope 19 is a D-shaped reflector, and spatially divides the scattered light into two beams, which are respectively incident to two probes of the balanced detector 23 through a fourth converging lens 21, a fifth reflector 20 and a fifth converging lens 22; the spectroscopic direction of the spectroscope 19 to the scattered light is consistent with the optical power change direction of the scattered light; the particles are subjected to a responsive movement along the optical axis of the modulated beam by the modulated beam, resulting in a change in the optical power incident on the two probes of the balanced detector 23.
Application examples
Firstly, the microspheres in the vacuum chamber are stably captured by using a capture light beam, and at this time, a simple harmonic motion signal of the microspheres can be detected on the balance detector 23, and the motion equation is as follows:
resonant frequency of omega0the viscous damping is β ═ gamma/m, the friction coefficient is gamma-6 pi R η, the random acting force of the brownian motion of the microspheres is lambda ξ (T), wherein R is the radius of the microspheres, m is the mass of the microspheres, η is the dynamic viscosity of the air to be measured at the normal temperature T, and the random process is Lambda (R) ((m))time averaging of t)<ξ(t)>＝0；
Applying a modulated light beam in a direction perpendicular to the captured light; referring to fig. 2, the period of the optical power of the modulated light beam is 40ms, and the high and low power values P1 and P2 are alternately changed in a single period; the microspheres are subjected to the acting force of the modulated light beam, response motion is generated along the optical axis direction of the modulated light beam, and two step responses are generated in a single period; referring to fig. 3, motion information of the microsphere step response may be extracted from the differential signals detected by the two probes of the balanced detector 23; the microspheres are simultaneously subjected to Brownian motion random acting force, and the step response in a single period contains random noise; step response signals of the microspheres in multiple periods are averaged, and the influence of random noise on the measurement result is eliminated; the analytical formula for the particle motion after time averaging is:
wherein
Is the damping rate; the analytical formula of the signal detected at the balanced detector 23 at this time is:
wherein phiaddFor the phase introduced during detection, U0+UoffIs the voltage amplitude, U, of the detector when the microsphere is in a new steady state after step responseoffIs the bias voltage magnitude. Referring to the step response curve after averaging of multiple periods of fig. 4, the resonant frequency ω can be obtained by parameter fitting in combination with the analytical expression0and viscous damping β, knowing the radius and mass of the microspheres, according to the resonant frequency omega0and the viscous damping beta can obtain the dynamic viscosity η of the air to be measured.
The vacuum cavity 24 is used for changing the pressure and the temperature of the air to be measured, and the dynamic viscosity change of the air to be measured under different pressures and temperatures can be dynamically detected in real time according to the measuring method; similarly, the dynamic viscosity of the other sample can be detected according to the above-described measurement method by replacing the sample to be measured with another gas or liquid sample.
By detecting the motion response of the particles to the optical excitation signal with known characteristics, the change of the dynamic viscosity of the sample under different conditions of temperature, air pressure and the like can be dynamically detected in real time. Compared with the traditional dynamic viscosity measurement means, the method has the advantages of high measurement precision, high response speed and wider application range.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for measuring dynamic viscosity based on optical suspended particles is characterized in that firstly, particles in a sample to be measured are stably captured by using a capture light beam, then a modulated light beam is applied to the particles in a capture potential well, the optical power of the modulated light beam is adjusted by an excitation signal, and the particles generate response movement after being subjected to the acting force of the modulated light beam; the real-time response motion curve of the particles is obtained by detecting the optical power change of the scattered light of the captured light beam, and the resonant frequency is obtained by parameter fitting of the response motion curveω 0And viscous dampingβThereby obtaining the dynamic viscosity of the sample to be measuredη；
The dynamic viscosity detection device is used for dynamically detecting the change of dynamic viscosity of a sample under different temperature and air pressure conditions in real time;
when no modulated light beam is applied, a capture potential well formed by the capture light beam is a resonant system, and the captured particles vibrate in simple harmonic mode, and the motion equation of the capture potential well is as follows:
a resonant frequency ofω 0Viscous damping ofβ=γ/mCoefficient of friction ofγ=6πRηThe particle Brownian motion random force is Ʌ ζ: (t) WhereinRIs the radius of the particles and is,mis the mass of the fine particles,ηfor the sample to be measured at temperatureTDynamic viscosity at bottom, random Process ζ: (t) Time average of (1) < ζ >t）＞=0；
The excitation signal adopts a square wave signal, the particles generate step response to the acting force of the modulated light beam, and the analytic expression of the particle motion after time averaging is as follows:
wherein
，
=β/2ω 0Is the damping rate; obtaining resonant frequency by parameter fitting of said response motion curveω 0And viscous dampingβ；
The radius and mass of the particles are known or obtained, and the resonant frequency is obtained according to the fittingω 0And viscous dampingβObtaining the dynamic viscosity of the sample to be measuredη。
2. A measuring device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a sample module, a trapping optical trap module, an excitation modulation module and a motion detection module; the sample module comprises particles and a sample to be detected: the particles are optically uniform medium microspheres, the radius and the mass of the particles are known, and the size is nm to um magnitude; the particles are suspended in the sample to be measured and stored in the closed cavity (24); the sample to be tested is liquid or gas; the light trap capturing module comprises a first laser (1), a first collimating lens (2), a second collimating lens (3), a first beam splitter (4), a second beam splitter (7), a first reflector (5), a second reflector (8), a third reflector (9), a first converging lens (6) and a second converging lens (10); the first laser (1) emits capture laser, and the capture laser is collimated by the first collimating lens (2) and the second collimating lens (3) and then is divided into two beams A and B by the first beam splitter (4); the light beam A sequentially passes through a first reflector (5) and a first converging lens (6), the light beam B sequentially passes through a second beam splitter (7), a second reflector (8), a third reflector (9) and a second converging lens (10), and the two light beams oppositely converge at the same focus to form a double-beam capturing light trap; the excitation modulation module comprises a second laser (11), a third collimating lens (12), a fourth collimating lens (13), an acousto-optic modulator (14), a fourth reflector (15), a third converging lens (16), a signal generator (17) and a radio frequency driver (18); the second laser (11) emits a modulated light beam, and the modulated light beam sequentially passes through a third collimating lens (12), a fourth collimating lens (13), an acousto-optic modulator (14), a fourth reflector (15) and a third converging lens (16) and irradiates on the stably captured particles; the signal generator (17) sends out a modulation signal, the acousto-optic modulator (14) is driven by the radio frequency driver (18), and the optical power of the modulated light beam passing through the acousto-optic modulator (14) is modulated; the modulation signal is an electric signal with known signal characteristics; the sample to be measured is an optical uniform medium, and the captured light beam and the modulated light beam can uniformly pass through the optical uniform medium; the motion detection module comprises a spectroscope (19), a fifth reflector (20), a fourth converging lens (21), a fifth converging lens (22) and a balance detector (23); the scattered light of the particle pair capture light beam A sequentially passes through a second converging lens (10), a third reflector (9), a second reflector (8), a second beam splitter (7) and a spectroscope (19); the spectroscope (19) divides the scattered light into two beams which respectively pass through a fourth convergent lens (21), a fifth reflector (20) and a fifth convergent lens (22) and enter two probes of a balanced detector (23); the spectroscope (19) can detect the movement information of the particles in the direction of the optical axis of the modulated light beam, and the light splitting direction of the scattered light is consistent with the optical power change direction of the scattered light.
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