CN104774217A - 二乙基氢化铝的制备方法 - Google Patents
二乙基氢化铝的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104774217A CN104774217A CN201510189513.6A CN201510189513A CN104774217A CN 104774217 A CN104774217 A CN 104774217A CN 201510189513 A CN201510189513 A CN 201510189513A CN 104774217 A CN104774217 A CN 104774217A
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- diethyl aluminum
- aluminum hydride
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylalumane Chemical compound CC[AlH]CC HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910010082 LiAlH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910010084 LiAlH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 metalloid aluminum organic compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002899 organoaluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/061—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage
- C07F5/065—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage compounds with an Al-H linkage
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种二乙基氢化铝的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:(1)在500ml三口圆底烧瓶中加入80~120ml二乙基氯化铝(Et2AlCl),在搅拌条件下缓慢加入160~200ml溶剂,加完后继续搅拌20~40min;(2)控制温度不超过60℃时缓慢加入40~42g LiAlH4,充分混合后油浴加热,控制反应温度为100~110℃,反应3~5h;(3)反应完毕冷却后,在50~60℃下旋蒸,直至无液体蒸出,然后过滤除去灰色固体物质;(4)再次减压蒸馏滤液,在102℃时收集馏分,得到无色透明液体为目标产物。本发明制备的二乙基氢化铝纯度高,产率高,有很大的潜在工业价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种烷基氢化铝的制备方法,具体涉及一种二乙基氢化铝(Et2AlH)的制备方法。
背景技术
烷基铝是烷基与铝直接结合而形成的一大类金属铝有机化合物,通式为AlR3、RnAlX3-n或R3Al2X2(R为烷基,X为卤代基,n=1,2,3)。烷基铝可作为高能燃料中的引火燃料,与卤代基连接形成的化合物称为卤代烷基铝(alkylaluminium halide),是有代表性的有机铝化合物,可用于齐格勒-纳塔(Ziegler-Natta)反应的催化剂、有机合成的中间体。但是这些烷基铝在空气中极易氧化和水解,在空气中会自然,有强烈刺激性,能引起皮肤粘膜溃疡。而烷基氢化铝是烷基铝通过还原制得,安全性较烷基铝高,同时保留烷基铝的催化活性,而且具有很好的还原性。
二乙基氢化铝是烷基氢化铝中较为简单但是重要的一类化合物,传统合成二乙基氢化铝的方法是用LiH还原Et2AlBr,但是此合成方法存在原料Et2AlBr价格昂贵且不易购买的缺点,同时由于LiH还原性不是很强,往往最终产物伴有副产物生成,增加后处理的难度。
发明内容
为了解决传统制备二乙基氢化铝存在原料昂贵不宜购买,合成产率低的问题,本发明提供了一种二乙基氢化铝的制备方法。与传统合成二乙基氢化铝方法相比,本发明在传统方法的基础上,选用价格低廉的原料Et2AlCl,在温和的实验条件下用LiAlH4还原Et2AlCl制备出纯度高、产率高的二乙基氢化铝。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种二乙基氢化铝的制备方法,在无水无氧的条件下,用甲苯或苯作为溶剂,利用四氢铝锂还原二乙基氯化铝,反应结束后蒸馏除去溶剂甲苯或苯,再过滤除去灰色固体物质,最后减压蒸馏收集102℃的馏分,得到无色透明液体即为目标产物。具体制备步骤如下:
(1)在500ml三口圆底烧瓶中加入80~120ml二乙基氯化铝(Et2AlCl),在搅拌条件下缓慢加入160~200ml溶剂,加完后继续搅拌20~40min;
(2)控制温度不超过60℃时缓慢加入40~42g LiAlH4,充分混合后油浴加热,控制反应温度为100~110℃,反应3~5h;
(3)反应完毕冷却至室温,然后在50~60℃下旋蒸,直至无液体蒸出,然后过滤除去灰色固体物质;
(4)再次减压蒸馏滤液,在102℃时收集馏分,得到无色透明液体为目标产物。
本发明中,合成全过程必须保证无水无氧氛围。
本发明中,溶剂可以选择甲苯或者苯。
本发明中,所使用溶剂甲苯或者苯必须经过二苯甲酮作指示剂,金属钠除水严格蒸馏获得。
本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明制备的二乙基氢化铝所用原料二乙基氯化铝便宜,四氢铝锂还原性更强,目标产物通过1H NMR表征纯度高,同时产率较传统方法也高,具有潜在的工业价值。
2、本发明制备的二乙基氢化铝不仅可以用于制备固体推进剂和储氢材料,以满足火箭固体发动机、导弹武器以及氢能源燃料电池与汽车的需要,同时还是很好的还原剂、催化剂、反应中间体,在有机和无机合成中有很好的利用价值。
附图说明
图1为原料Et2AlCl的1H NMR;
图2为本发明制备的Et2AlH 1H NMR;
图3为本发明制备的Et2AlH分子3D结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式提供了一种制备二乙基氢化铝的方法,以下步骤均在严格的无水无氧条件下进行,具体步骤如下:
(1)在500ml的三口圆底烧瓶中加入100mlEt2AlCl,在搅拌条件下缓慢加入甲苯180ml,继续搅拌30min;
(2)控制温度不超过60℃时缓慢加入41g LiAlH4,充分混合后油浴控制反应温度为100℃反应4h;
(3)反应完毕冷却至室温,然后55℃旋蒸除去溶剂甲苯,然后过滤除去灰色固体物质;
(4)再次减压蒸馏滤液,102℃时收集馏分,得到无色透明液体。
本实施方式所用原料Et2AlCl的1H NMR如图1所示,制备的Et2AlH分子3D结构图如图3所示。由图2产物1HNMR数据分析—1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ:0.2(m, 4H, CH2),1.2(t, 6H, 2CH3),2.8(s, H, AlH)。图中除了这三种H的峰之外没有出现任何杂峰,由此可以判断所制得的样品纯度很高,无杂质存在,为纯的Et2AlH。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式提供了一种制备二乙基氢化铝的方法,以下步骤均在无氧条件下进行,具体步骤如下:
(1)在500ml的三口圆底烧瓶中加入100mlEt2AlCl,在搅拌条件下缓慢加入苯180ml,继续搅拌30min;
(2)控制温度不超过60℃时缓慢加入41g LiAlH4,充分混合后油浴控制反应温度为100℃反应4h;
(3)反应完毕冷却至室温,然后55℃下减压蒸馏除去溶剂,然后过滤除去灰色固体物质;
(4)再次减压蒸馏滤液,102℃时收集馏分,得到无色透明液体。
本实施方式所用原料Et2AlCl的1H NMR如图1所示,制备的Et2AlH分子3D结构图如图3所示。由图2产物1HNMR数据分析—1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ:0.2(m, 4H, CH2),1.2(t, 6H, 2CH3),2.8(s, H, AlH)。图中除了这三种H的峰之外没有出现任何杂峰,由此可以判断所制得的样品纯度很高,无杂质存在,为纯的Et2AlH。
Claims (3)
1.一种二乙基氢化铝的制备方法,其特征在于所述方法在无水无氧条件下进行,具体步骤如下:
(1)在500ml三口圆底烧瓶中加入80~120ml二乙基氯化铝,在搅拌条件下缓慢加入160~200ml溶剂,加完后继续搅拌20~40min;
(2)控制温度不超过60℃时缓慢加入40~42g LiAlH4,充分混合后油浴加热,控制反应温度为100~110℃,反应3~5h;
(3)反应完毕冷却至室温,然后50~60℃下旋蒸,直至无液体蒸出,然后过滤除去灰色固体物质;
(4)再次减压蒸馏滤液,在102℃时收集馏分,得到无色透明液体为目标产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的二乙基氢化铝的制备方法,其特征在于所述溶剂必须经过二苯甲酮作指示剂,金属钠除水严格蒸馏获得。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的二乙基氢化铝的制备方法,其特征在于所述溶剂选择甲苯或者苯。
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2765329A (en) * | 1945-11-03 | 1956-10-02 | Du Pont | Process for the preparation of alkyl-aluminum hydrides |
GB836792A (en) * | 1955-04-01 | 1960-06-09 | Ziegler Karl | Process and apparatus for the production of dialkyl aluminium hydrides and aluminium trialkyls |
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2015
- 2015-04-21 CN CN201510189513.6A patent/CN104774217A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2765329A (en) * | 1945-11-03 | 1956-10-02 | Du Pont | Process for the preparation of alkyl-aluminum hydrides |
GB836792A (en) * | 1955-04-01 | 1960-06-09 | Ziegler Karl | Process and apparatus for the production of dialkyl aluminium hydrides and aluminium trialkyls |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
王华威: "三氢化铝制备工艺研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技I辑》 * |
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