CN104768876A - 利用紫外和可见光谱测量以及氧化还原电势来监测和控制臭氧化和曝气过滤的方法和装置 - Google Patents

利用紫外和可见光谱测量以及氧化还原电势来监测和控制臭氧化和曝气过滤的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN104768876A
CN104768876A CN201380042364.XA CN201380042364A CN104768876A CN 104768876 A CN104768876 A CN 104768876A CN 201380042364 A CN201380042364 A CN 201380042364A CN 104768876 A CN104768876 A CN 104768876A
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伊万·X·朱
布莱恩·J·贝茨
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于监测和控制在水处理和废水处理中所使用的臭氧化和生物曝气过滤的工艺流程的方法和系统。该工艺的监测和控制可以通过在线测量一个或多个波长下的UV/Vis吸收和氧化/还原电势值,并将其与预定的UV吸收和氧化/还原电势值进行对比来实现。然后基于所测量的出水的UV/Vis吸收和氧化/还原电势值对出水的空气和臭氧剂量进行调整。

Description

利用紫外和可见光谱测量以及氧化还原电势来监测和控制臭氧化和曝气过滤的方法和装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年8月10日提交的美国专利申请序列号61/681,991的优先权,其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于监测和控制水处理和废水处理中所使用的臭氧化和生物曝气过滤的工艺流程的方法和装置。
背景技术
臭氧化工艺广泛应用于水处理和废水处理中,旨在提高有机成分的生物降解能力,以及杀死或灭活细菌或病原体类,起到消毒的作用。生物曝气过滤(BAF)是用于同时去除生化需氧量(BOD)、氨以及总悬浮固体量(TSS)的固定床固定生物膜工艺。过滤介质可以是沙子、膨胀粘土、浮石、塑料珠子或其他专用介质。在BAF中,工艺空气从底部引入系统中,以提供用于BOD去除和硝化作用的氧气。当对TSS的拦截和生物生长使水头损失逐渐形成,清理程序即可开始,包括空气冲刷、空气和水同时清洗,以及单独用水清洗。通常,用于冲刷的空气由单独的运送系统来提供。如果过量的工艺空气被运送到系统内,则出水的溶解氧将升高。在这样的情况下,氧将不是生物反应的限制因子,并且所运送的过量空气会完全回到大气中,引起了额外的能耗。类似地,如果工艺空气运送不足,出水中的溶解氧将降低,且该工艺将受到氧的限制。在该工艺组合中,臭氧的使用意在提高进水水体的生物降解能力(表示为BOD/COD的比值),这样BOD可以被附在过滤介质上的微生物所利用。臭氧供应不足可能不会产生充足的BOD量,并弱化其性能;相反,如果供应过量,可能是不必要的。
在过去,臭氧化和生物曝气过滤的工艺被分别控制,几乎不考虑利用用于工艺控制和自动化的统一的参数或指标。其中,臭氧的剂量通常是预定的,并根据诸如进水BOD、TSS以及颜色等其他工艺信息进行现场修订,并不参考统一的工艺指标。同时,曝气率通常是预设的,在BAF的操作过程中几乎没有变化。
发明内容
在本发明中,紫外和可见(UV/Vis)光谱测量被用作统一的指标,用于在在线氧化/还原电势(ORP)的辅助下进行工艺监测和控制。臭氧化和BAF的组合工艺流程通常包括用于对浊度、总有机碳(TOC)、氨以及溶解氧等进行工艺监测(和控制)的多个在线传感器。本发明包括通过单个设备实施的工艺控制,在微处理器的辅助下实现所需的出水质量,该设备用于在线监测出水UV/Vis光谱以及直接来源于出水的其他信息,该出水质量表达为UV吸收,以代替总有机碳(TOC)和化学需氧量(COD)。
本发明涉及用于监测和控制在水处理和废水处理中所使用的空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的方法和系统。本发明的方法包括获得一个或多个波长下的出水的UV吸收以及氧化/还原电势的在线测量值、将所测量的UV吸收以及出水的氧化/还原电势与存储在微处理器内的预定的UV吸收值以及氧化/还原电势值进行对比,以及基于所测量的出水的UV吸收以及氧化/还原电势的值来对向系统提供的空气和臭氧剂量进行如下调整:
i.当UV吸收的测量值低于预定的UV吸收值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值高于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,减少空气的流速;
ii.当UV吸收的测量值低于预定的UV吸收值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值低于或等于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,减少臭氧的剂量;
iii.当UV吸收的测量值高于预定的UV吸收值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值高于或等于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,增加臭氧的剂量;
iv.当UV吸收的测量值高于预定的UV吸收值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值低于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,增加空气的流速。
本发明的系统包括用于测量一个或多个波长下的出水的UV吸收以及氧化/还原电势的传感器、用于将所测量的出水的UV吸收以及氧化/还原电势与存储在微处理器内的预定的UV吸收以及氧化/还原电势进行对比的微处理器,以及用于如上所述的基于所测量的出水的UV吸收以及氧化/还原电势的值来对出水的空气和臭氧剂量进行调整的比例、积分和微分控制回路。可选的UV/Vis传感器也可以放置在处理流程的前面,这样可以实时监测进水水质,并且臭氧变化的控制范围(剂量上限和剂量下限)可以根据实际的水质进行改变。
附图说明
图1是本发明的系统的示意图,其在臭氧化和生物曝气过滤系统内;以及
图2是示意框图,其示出了本发明的方法的空气和臭氧化组合的调整的工艺控制逻辑。
具体实施方式
图1显示了臭氧化和生物曝气过滤系统1,其包括UV/Vis 2和ORP探针3,UV/Vis 2和ORP探针3收集出水4的水质的信息。
UV/Vis照射的扫描会产生覆盖190-600nm的范围的光谱。200-250nm的光谱用作硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的指纹谱,190-380nm的光谱用作有机成分的指纹谱,380-600nm的光谱用作浊度和悬浮固体量的指纹谱。UV吸收或反射比与水中的有机物、胶质物和其他物质的量相关,经过水时有机物、胶质物和其他物质吸收和散射紫外光,并且众所周知UV吸收是对进水水流和出水水流中的有机成分进行测量的替代。然而,单个波长的测量可能无法获得宽范围的具有不同的官能团的有机物质,且当有机成分随时间发生变化时往往会产生有偏结果。对190-380nm的光谱扫描允许系统覆盖有机成分的宽范围,并提供可靠的信息。有机成分(表示为总有机碳或化学需氧量)和UV吸收之间的预定关联将被储存在微处理器5中。已经证明在线UV/Vis光谱测量是能够对水中的(有机)物质的去除效率和后续浓度的具体信息进行收集的工具。包括总悬浮固体量(TSS)、浊度、总有机碳、化学需氧量以及硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐在内的参数可以通过UV/Vis光谱测量而被容易地监测。出水中的预定目标UV吸收(表示为单个波长吸收或扫描光谱区域)也被储存在处理器中。根据UV吸收的值,对臭氧剂量以及曝气率作出调整。
系统中的溶解氧水平与ORP有很强的关联。ORP(氧化/还原电势)是对系统能力的测量,该测量对系统得电子(还原)或失电子(氧化)进行观察(单位为毫伏)。正数时,该测量表示系统被氧化的程度,负数时,该测量表示系统被还原的程度。所需的ORP值可以是用户限定并存储在处理器中的,这样可以为COD去除或硝化,或这两种工艺提供充足的空气。该思想是为了使能耗最小化,并仍旧可以符合出水处理的要求。根据所测量的ORP值,对臭氧剂量以及曝气率作出调整。
臭氧剂量以及曝气率的调整是通过图1所示的臭氧发生器6和曝气鼓风机8来完成。
图2示出了当UV吸收和ORP值与其设定点对比时,基于当前UV吸收和ORP值进行工艺调整的四种情况。对空气和臭氧剂量的工艺调整将通过比例、积分和微分(PID)控制回路来实现。在控制回路中,引入了延迟功能,以适应过滤系统和整个处理系统管道、通道以及采样系统的水力停留时间。当UV吸收和ORP值与其设定点对比时,基于当前UV吸收和ORP值进行工艺调整的四种情况如下:
·低UVA/高ORP=>减少空气;
·低UVA/低ORP=>减少臭氧;
·高UVA/高ORP=>增加臭氧;以及
·高UVA/低ORP=>增加空气。
为了防止工艺调整期间的工艺失控事件,臭氧剂量的上限和下限被存储在处理器中,空气冲刷流速也一样。当UV测量传感器被设置在流程的前面时,也可以通过对处理流程的进水的UV吸收的实时监测来随时确定和调整臭氧的上限和下限。通过实时监测水质,臭氧变化的控制范围(剂量上限和剂量下限)可以根据实际的水质而改变。这种对工艺空气调整的途径能够解决进入的有机成分的浓度相对低且不需要曝气的情况。由于工艺空气的调整,曝气鼓风机会因此关闭,并且进入的有机成分的氧化只随着内部的溶解氧的消耗而发生。
尽管浊度、TSS、硝酸盐以及亚硝酸盐的结果可能不会用于工艺控制,但是它们提供了关于当前工艺状态以及性能的有价值的信息,尤其在除了生化转化外还需要硝化作用时。
本发明中,可以通过对UV吸收和ORP的在线测量来实现工艺监测和控制。UV吸收和UV透光率可以通过方程式吸收=-log(透光率)来转换。如果可利用的话,UV透光率读数会用于下游UV消毒系统的UV灯强度和UV剂量控制。本方法的优点在于,在保持所需的出水质量的同时节能,并简单且便宜。
已经参考优选的实施方式对本发明进行了描述。在阅读和理解了前述的具体描述的基础上可以想到其他的明显修改和变更。目的在于本发明被视为包括所有此类修改和变更。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于监测和控制在水处理和废水处理中所使用的空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(a)获得出水的UV吸收的在线测量值;
(b)将所测量的出水的UV吸收与储存在微处理器中的预定的UV吸收值进行对比;
(c)获得出水的氧化/还原电势的在线测量值;
(d)将所测量的出水的氧化/还原电势与储存在微处理器中的预定的氧化/还原电势值进行对比;以及
(e)基于所测量的出水的UV/Vis吸收和氧化/还原电势的值来对所述出水的空气和臭氧剂量进行如下调整:
i.当UV吸收的测量值低于预定的UV吸收值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值高于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,减少空气的流速;
ii.当UV吸收的测量值低于预定的UV值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值低于或等于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,减小臭氧的剂量;
iii.当UV吸收的测量值高于预定的UV值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值高于或等于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,增加臭氧的剂量;以及
iv.当UV吸收的测量值高于预定的UV值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值低于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,增加空气的流速。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的方法,其中所述出水的UV/Vis吸收的在线测量值从对UV/Vis照射的扫描来获得,所述UV/Vis照射的扫描产生190nm到600nm的范围的光谱。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的方法,其中所述出水的UV吸收的在线测量还用于确定下游UV消毒系统的UV灯强度和UV剂量控制。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的方法,其中可选的UV/Vis传感器被放置在所述工艺流程的前面。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的方法,其中所述可选的UV/Vis传感器实时监测进水水质,并且臭氧的剂量上限和剂量下限根据实际的水质而改变。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的方法,其中储存在所述微处理器中的所述氧化/还原电势值被限定为与化学需氧量去除工艺或硝化作用工艺、或这两个工艺所必要的空气的量相关。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的方法,其中所述对出水的空气和臭氧剂量进行调整的步骤通过比例、积分和微分控制回路实现。
8.一种用于监测和控制在水处理和废水处理中所使用的空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的系统,该系统包括:
(a)用于测量出水的UV吸收的传感器;
(b)用于测量出水的氧化/还原电势的传感器;
(c)微处理器,其用于将所测量的出水的UV吸收和氧化/还原电势与存储在所述微处理器中的预定的UV吸收和氧化/还原电势进行对比;以及
(d)比例、积分和微分控制回路,其用于基于所测量的出水的UV/Vis吸收和氧化/还原电势的值来对出水的空气和臭氧剂量进行调整,该调整如下:
i.当UV吸收的测量值低于预定的UV吸收值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值高于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,减少空气的流速;
ii.当UV吸收的测量值低于预定的UV值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值低于或等于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,减少臭氧的剂量;
iii.当UV吸收的测量值高于预定的UV值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值高于或等于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,增加臭氧的剂量;以及
iv.当UV吸收的测量值高于预定的UV值,且氧化/还原电势的测量值低于预定的氧化/还原电势值时,增加空气的剂量。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的系统,其中所述出水的UV/Vis吸收的在线测量值从对UV/Vis照射的扫描获得,所述UV/Vis照射的扫描产生190nm到600nm的范围的光谱。
10.根据权利要求8所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的系统,其中所述出水的UV吸收的在线测量还用于确定下游UV消毒系统的UV灯强度和UV剂量控制。
11.根据权利要求8所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的系统,其中可选的UV/Vis传感器被放置在工艺流程的前面。
12.根据权利要求8所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的系统,其中所述可选的UV/Vis传感器实时监测进水水质,并且臭氧的剂量上限和剂量下限根据实际的水质而改变。
13.根据权利要求8所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的系统,其中储存在所述微处理器中的所述氧化/还原电势值被限定为与化学需氧量去除工艺或硝化作用工艺、或这两个工艺所必要的空气的量相关。
14.根据权利要求8所述的用于监测和控制空气和臭氧剂量的工艺流程的系统,其中所述对出水的空气和臭氧剂量进行调整的步骤通过比例、积分和微分控制回路实现。
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