CN104768723A - 预成型件和容器 - Google Patents

预成型件和容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104768723A
CN104768723A CN201380058098.XA CN201380058098A CN104768723A CN 104768723 A CN104768723 A CN 104768723A CN 201380058098 A CN201380058098 A CN 201380058098A CN 104768723 A CN104768723 A CN 104768723A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
preformed member
injection
narrow positions
crystallinity
portion section
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Granted
Application number
CN201380058098.XA
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CN104768723B (zh
Inventor
迪特马尔·马林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
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Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2049/023—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison using inherent heat of the preform, i.e. 1 step blow moulding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C2049/024—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison not using inherent heat of the preform, i.e. 2 step blow moulding
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    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)

Abstract

描述一种用于以拉伸吹塑成型法制造塑料容器、尤其是塑料瓶的注塑成型的预成型件(1)，所述预成型件具有基本上长形的预成型体(2)，所述预成型体的一个纵向端部构成为是闭合的。在其相反的纵向端部上，设有倾倒开口(4)的颈部部段(3)连接于预成型体，所述颈部部段的外壁部(5)具有用于以形状配合的方式固定配设有相符的接合机构的封闭件的固定机构(6)。颈部部段(3)具有至少一个壁厚(t)为0.4mm至0.8mm的至少局部环绕的狭窄部位(7)。注塑成型的塑料材料至少在至少一个狭窄部位(7)处以高度取向的、通过注塑成型工艺产生的至少部分结晶的状态存在。

Description

预成型件和容器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于以拉伸吹塑成型法制造塑料容器的注塑成型的预成型件。
背景技术
大量现今使用的塑料瓶和类似的塑料容器以拉伸吹塑成型法制造。在所述方法中，首先制造通常长形的、小管状的构造的所谓的预成型件，所述预成型件在其一个纵向端部上具有底部并且在另一个纵向端部上具有颈部部段，所述颈部部段具有用于以形状配合的方式固定配设有相符的接合机构的封闭件的机构。用于以形状配合的方式固定封闭件的机构例如是在颈部件的外壁部上构成的螺纹部段或卡口式的凸出部或凹陷部。将预成型件插入到吹模的模腔中并且通过在超压下吹入的介质、通常为空气吹鼓。在此，将预成型件附加地借助穿过颈部开口移入的拉伸芯轴沿轴向方向拉伸。在拉伸/吹塑过程之后，将制成的塑料容器从吹模中脱模。
在所谓的一步式拉伸吹塑成型法中，将预成型件在没有中间接入的冷却和储存的情况下直接在其以注塑成型法制造之后改型成塑料容器。然而，通常，将塑料容器以两步式拉伸吹塑成型法制造，其中首先将预成型件注塑成型、冷却并且暂时储存以用于稍后的应用。制造塑料容器在空间和时间上分开地以单独的拉伸吹塑成型法制造。在所述稍后的拉伸吹塑成型法中，将预成型件再次加热，以便由此制造塑料瓶。例如，为此，借助于红外辐射在预成型件的轴向和/或径向延伸之上设定期望的温度变化，所述温度变化是拉伸吹塑成型法所需要的。在将预成型件插入到模具中之后，将所述预成型件借助于在超压下吹入的气体径向地成型并且在此借助拉伸杆沿轴向方向拉伸。之后，将制成的塑料容器脱模。
在制造批量产品、例如由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)构成的塑料瓶时，材料使用是竞争性和环境平衡的决定性因素。通过制造塑料瓶的非常高的件数，材料重量的在十分之一克的范围中的减少能够非常快地引起吨量级的材料节约。因此，在过去对减小用于塑料瓶、尤其是PET瓶的预成型件的材料重量做出非常大的努力。借助从现有技术中已知的预成型件，被认为已经达到最佳值，由预成型件制成的塑料瓶也必须达到所要求的机械强度、温度稳定性和气体阻挡特性。迄今对于减小材料重量所做出的努力的缺点是，其要求拉伸吹塑成型设备和灌装设施的多种改型。这从拉伸吹塑成型设备的操作者的角度和从由预成型件制成的塑料容器的灌装者的角度来看是极其不满意的状态。
从现有技术中已知的预成型件在颈部部段中具有0.9mm至2mm的最小壁厚。所述壁厚是需要的，以便即使在外部温度提高的情况下仍给予在拉伸吹塑成型法中不再抗拉的颈部部段对于容纳封闭件所需要的机械强度、气密性和内部抗压强度。预成型件的颈部部段因此对于总重量进而预成型件的材料使用的贡献并非是微不足道的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，如下改进用于以拉伸吹塑成型法制造任意的塑料容器、例如塑料瓶的预成型件，使得能够更进一步地减少材料使用。预成型件应当能够批量地以注塑成型法制造并且应适合于在常规的拉伸吹塑成型设备上加工。在此，应能够避免对拉伸吹塑成型设备和装填设施的改型。应确保由预成型件制成的塑料容器的机械强度、气密性和内部抗压强度和热稳定性。
所述目的的解决方案在用于以拉伸吹塑成型法制造塑料容器、尤其是塑料瓶的注塑成型的预成型件中得出，所述预成型件具有在权利要求1中列举的特征。本发明的改进方案和/或有利的实施变型形式是从属权利要求的主题。
通过本发明，提供一种用于以拉伸吹塑成型法制造塑料容器、尤其是塑料瓶的注塑成型的预成型件，所述预成型件具有基本上长形的预成型体，所述预成型体的一个纵向端部构成为是闭合的。在其相对置的纵向端部上，设有倾倒开口的颈部部段连接于预成型件，在所述颈部部段的外壁部上构成有用于以形状配合的方式固定配设有相符的接合机构的封闭件的固定机构。颈部部段具有至少一个至少局部环绕的狭窄部位，所述狭窄部位具有0.4mm至0.8mm的壁厚。注塑成型的塑料材料至少在至少一个狭窄部位上以高度取向的、通过注塑成型工艺产生的至少部分结晶的状态存在。
令人意外地，预成型件的颈部部段没有通过狭窄部位或薄壁区域变薄弱。更确切地说，塑料材料的分子链在狭窄部位上经受高度取向的定向。在取向的分子链之间出现分子间力，所述分子间力引起提高的刚性和抗拉强度。分子链相对于彼此定向并且彼此靠近。这引起密度的可测量的提高。在密度提高超出预定值的情况下，狭窄部位的光学特性能够改变。入射到狭窄部位中的光由此能够更密集地散射，使得所述狭窄部位能够显现为是朦胧的或乳白色的。
对于本发明的定义，密度的确定根据在标准ASTM D1505-10中描述的测量方法进行。所述测量方法能够实现以0.001g和更小的精度确定密度。所测量到的密度允许推断狭窄部位的取向、结晶和强度。当然，无定形的PET能够与掺入的共聚物和/或添加物相关地实现不同的密度值。已知地，数值位于1.320g/cm3和1.339g/cm3之间。
为了虽然存在掺入无定形的PET的共聚物和/或添加物仍使用在标准ASTM D 1505-10中描述的测量方法，在本发明的范围中规定，预成型件的在支撑环下方确定的平均密度为第一基准值。如果预成型件不应具有支撑环，那么确定在预成型体的下述区域中的密度，所述区域直接邻接于颈部部段下方。优选地，沿着预成型件的环周在至少三个彼此不同的测量点上确定密度并且由此确定平均密度。与尽可能实际存在的结晶无关地，在本发明的范围中限定，在一个或多个确定第一基准值的测量点上不存在结晶，即结晶度为0％。此外，在本发明的范围中，规定第二基准值，所述第二基准值比所确定的第一基准值大0.120g/cm3。所述第二基准值按照定义相应于100％的结晶度。位于两个基准值之间的结晶度直接与所确定的密度值成比例。
例如，作为第一基准值确定为1.330g/cm3的平均密度。根据上述定义，所述平均密度相应于0％的结晶度。根据定义，结晶度在密度为1.450g/cm3时为100％，所述密度为第二基准值。由于密度值和结晶度之间的直接的成比例性，因此，结晶度在密度为1.360g/cm3时为25％，在密度为1.390g/cm3时为50％并且在密度为1.420g/cm3时为75％。
结晶基本上仅在狭窄部位上在颈部部段中进行。通常，在设置在颈部部段上的用于固定用于封闭倾倒开口的封闭件的固定机构上不出现结晶，因为在所述固定机构的区域中的壁厚通常大于0.4mm至0.8mm。
本发明利用下述效果：穿过非常薄壁的区域按压的塑料熔融物在该区域中抗拉伸并且以高度取向的、通过注塑成型工艺产生的至少部分结晶的状态存在。塑料材料的例如可经由密度确定而确定的结晶度至少在狭窄部位上是非常高的。根据本发明将可经由密度确定而确定的取向度视作为高度取向的状态，所述取向度小于3％。塑料材料的在颈部部段的狭窄部位上的高度取向的状态通常也引起塑料材料的非常强的光学各向异性，这在塑料透明的情况下能够再三引起狭窄部位的朦胧或白色的变色。所述朦胧和变色都被自觉接受。这在预成型件的颈部部段或由此制成的塑料容器上通常也没有意义，因为这通常反正通过所施加的封闭件遮盖。通过有针对性地设置一个或多个至少局部环绕的狭窄部位，能够在预成型件的颈部部段中节约塑料材料。因为预成型件在构造上不承受改变，所述预成型件能够在常见的拉伸吹塑成型设备上加工或者由此制成的塑料容器能够在不对已知的灌装装置进行改型的情况下运输和填充。
结晶度当然也能够高于3％。根据本发明的一个实施变型形式，结晶度为大约5％至大约7％。根据本发明的另一个实施例，结晶度为大约7％至大约9％。结晶度越高，那么在狭窄部位的厚度或壁厚相同的情况下强度也就越高。因此，可行的是，借助于更高的结晶度，在强度相同的情况下在狭窄部位上实现更薄的壁厚。例如，强度和与此关联的负荷能力在材料相同的情况下在第一壁厚为0.6mm并且第一结晶度为5％的第一狭窄部位和第二壁厚为0.4mm并且第二结晶度为8％的第二狭窄部位之间是相同的。
制造预成型件在注塑成型设施上进行。在此，预成型件由塑料材料构成的熔融物在1500bar至4000bar的注塑压力下注塑成型，所述注塑压力在熔融物容器上或在没有熔融物容器的注塑成型设施中直接在喷嘴上测量。塑料材料在此不作为稀薄的熔融物存在，而是所述塑料材料具有一定粘度，所述粘度相应于用于常规的、已知的预成型件的塑料材料的粘度。
所提出的预成型件与用于热充填法的已知的预成型件的区别在于生产方法，所述已知的预成型件的整个颈部在注塑成型设施下游接入的设施中经受热处理。在所述已知的方法中，预成型件的整个颈部结晶进而密度、以及热学特性和机械特性提高。然而，通过所述已知的方法，没有节约塑料材料。
预成型件由具有至少一种选自下述组的聚合物的塑料材料构成：聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共聚物。
根据要求，塑料材料也能够附加地具有颜料和/或填充物和/或润滑剂和/或基于石油或生物的添加剂。
对于大部分应用而言，预成型件由基本上具有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的塑料材料构成。在至少一个狭窄部位上，PET具有结晶度，所述结晶度等于或大于3％，其中结晶度在固有粘度为0.78dl/g至0.84dl/g时确定，所述固有粘度根据ISO 1628-5测量。用于溶解PET以确定固有粘度的溶剂例如能够是由苯酚和1,2对二氯苯以混合比例1:1组成的混合物。测量温度为大约25℃。粘度测量和其换算例如根据在PlasticsEurope的文章“Clarification of Viscosity Measurements ofPET”中描述并且在PlasticsEurope的网页上以http://www.plasticseurope.org/Documents/Document/20100301163022-ClarificationViscosityMeasurementsPET-20070402-002-EN-v1.pdf可用。
以拉伸吹塑成型法由根据本发明构成的注塑成型的预成型件制成的塑料容器具有本体部段和与之连接的容器颈，所述塑料容器的几何形状基本上相应于预成型件的几何形状。容器颈也具有机械的、热学的和阻挡特性，所述特性基本上对应于预成型件的颈部部段的这些特性。这从下面内容中得出，预成型件的颈部部段在拉伸吹塑成型法中基本上保持不变。通常，预成型件的颈部部段从吹塑模具的腔中伸出进而保持不受拉伸吹塑成型法损害。在预成型件的颈部部段上构成的几何形状和特性因此实际上也在容器颈上相同地存在。
塑料容器的容器颈的机械的和热学的特性设定成，使得容器颈在4bar的内部压力负荷持续24个小时并且温度为38℃+/-1℃时具有下述内径扩张，所述内径扩张小于或等于没有内部压力负荷时的内径的1％。
在本发明的另一个实施变型形式中，容器颈的机械的和热学的特性是，所述容器颈在相应于4g/l至9g/l的填充内容物碳化时的内部压力负荷持续24个小时并且温度为38℃+/-1℃时具有下述内径扩张，所述内径扩张小于或等于没有内部压力负荷时的内径的1％。在所述特性中保证，塑料容器尤其也在容器颈没有显著变形的情况下经受住在夏季出现的升高的温度。
在塑料容器的另一个实施变型形式中，容器颈的特性设定成，使得所述容器颈在温度为50℃至55℃并且200N的负荷持续3秒钟时具有小于0.5％的轴向的长度收缩。通过塑料颈的特性的所述设定，尽可能地避免，塑料颈在吹塑工艺期间通过吹塑喷嘴变形。
附图说明
其他的优点和特征从下面参考示意图对本发明的实施例的描述中得出。
图1示出具有根据本发明构成的颈部部段的轴向半侧剖开的预成型件，并且
图2示出用于阐述密度和结晶度之间的关联关系的示例性的图表。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的半侧轴向剖开的预成型件，所述预成型件整体上具有附图标记1。预成型件1具有长形的预成型体2，所述预成型体的一个纵向端部构成为是封闭的。在其相反的端部上，预成型体2连接于颈部部段3，所述颈部部段设有倾倒开口4。颈部部段3在其外壁部5上设有固定机构6，所述固定机构用于以形状配合的方式固定具有相符地构成的接合机构的没有详细示出的封闭件。根据示出的实施例，固定机构6构成为螺纹部段，所述螺纹部段以形状配合的方式与螺旋封闭件的内螺纹共同作用。预成型件1能够单层地或多层地构成。考虑全部适合于注塑成型或拉伸吹塑成型法的塑料材料，例如聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共聚物。根据对要由预成型件制成的塑料容器的要求，塑料材料也能够附加地包括颜料和/或填充物和/或润滑剂和/或基于石油或生物的添加剂。
预成型件1能够如示出的那样常规地配设有支承环10，所述支承环在从预成型体2到颈部部段3的过渡部上略微径向地伸出。在构成为螺纹部段的固定机构6和支承环10之间，也还能够构成有所谓的卡接环9，所述卡接环在完成拉伸吹塑的塑料容器上例如用作为用于保障封闭件的支座。这种保障封闭件例如由饮料瓶充分已知。在拧下保障封闭件时，保障封闭件的环形部段至少部分地与其余的封闭件分开，卡接环对于所述环形部段形成支座。由此，在重新封闭瓶时也为使用者示出，瓶已经被打开一次。但是，卡接环9也能够在油瓶等中用于固定通常使用的铰接封闭件。在没有详细示出的实施变型形式中，预成型件也能够以没有支承环的方式构成。
颈部部段具有至少一个狭窄部位7，所述狭窄部位至少局部地在环周之上延伸。根据示出的实施例，狭窄部位7设置在卡接环9和螺纹部段6的出口之间。在狭窄部位7上，颈部部段3具有为0.4mm至0.8mm的壁厚。塑料材料至少在狭窄部位上是高度取向的并且通过注塑成型工艺至少部分地结晶，由此颈部部段的机械的和热学的强度提高。根据本发明，术语高度取向表示，注塑成型的塑料材料具有可经由密度测量确定的小于3％的结晶度。预成型件1的颈部部段3也还能够具有其他的狭窄部位，所述狭窄部位又至少局部地环绕地构成。例如，其他的狭窄部位能够在螺纹部段之间或在卡接环和支承环之间的区域中设置。根据在预成型件颈部的相应的区域中力求何种结晶度进而与此关联地力求何种热学的和机械的强度，狭窄部位能够具有不同的壁厚。在每种情况下，然而，狭窄部位具有为0.4mm至0.8mm的壁厚。
在图2中示出笛卡尔坐标系，在所述坐标系的横轴上绘制以[g/cm3]为单位的密度并且在纵轴上绘制以[％]为单位的结晶度。基本上由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的预成型件的密度根据在标准ASTM D 1505-10中描述的测量法确定。密度的所记录的平均值1.330g/cm3从三个直接位于支承环10下方的测量部位确定。所述数值为第一基准值A。按照定义，在该密度值的情况下，结晶度为0％；这与随机出现的实际的结晶无关。通过将数值0.120g/cm3加至用于密度的第一基准值，得到第二基准值B。在所述第二基准值B处，密度为1.450g/cm3，结晶度根据定义为100％。所有位于这两个基准值A、B之间的结晶度与所确定的密度值直接成比例。密度在根据ISO 1628-5测量的固有粘度为0.78dl/g至0.84dl/g时确定。在图表中绘制的实施例中，所测量到的在狭窄部位处的密度例如为1.360g/cm3。从中得出25％的结晶度，这在图2中的图表中用点C表示。
在预成型件的颈部部段中设置有针对性的狭窄部位引起节约塑料材料。所使用的塑料材料部对于注塑成型法不作为稀薄的熔融物存在，而是具有下述粘度，所述粘度与用于制造从现有技术中已知的、注塑成型的预制件所具有的粘度相似。制造预成型件在注塑成型设施上由塑料材料构成的熔融物在1500bar至4000bar的注塑压力下制造，所述注塑压力在熔融物容器上或在没有熔融物容器的注塑成型机上直接在喷嘴上测量。预成型件的颈部部段中的重量的减少(在此在没有损失强度的情况下)也具有下述优点：预成型件的重心继续远离颈部件地朝向预成型体的方向转移。由此，能够实现预成型件的改进的定向。如果预成型件在其生产之后例如装入运输容器中，那么重心朝向预成型体的方向的转移引起，其以预成型体预先到达容器中。由于颈部部段中的重量减小实现的预成型件的重心朝向预成型体的方向的转移最终也在输送时和在将预成型件在拉伸吹塑设施中运输时证实为是有利的，因为其以非常大的概率以位置准确的方式、即在预成型体向下定向的情况下到达吹模。由此，能够减少用于预成型件的准确的定向的耗费。在预成型件的颈部部段在随后的拉伸吹塑成型法中不再改变(经常地，颈部部段在拉伸吹塑成型法中从吹塑模具的模腔中伸出)之后，由根据本发明的预成型件制成的塑料容器在其容器颈中也具有机械的和热学的特性或阻挡特性，所述特性已经在预成型件注塑成型时设定。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于以拉伸吹塑成型法制造塑料容器、尤其是塑料瓶的注塑成型的预成型件，所述预成型件具有基本上长形的预成型体(2)，所述预成型体的一个纵向端部构成为是闭合的，并且所述预成型体在其相反的纵向端部上连接于设有倾倒开口(4)的颈部部段(3)，在所述颈部部段的外壁部(5)上构成有固定机构(6)以用于以形状配合的方式固定配设有相符的接合机构的封闭件，其特征在于，所述颈部部段(3)具有至少一个至少局部地环绕的狭窄部位(7)，所述狭窄部位具有0.4mm至0.8mm的壁厚(t)，并且注塑成型的塑料材料至少在至少一个所述狭窄部位(7)上以高度取向的、通过注塑成型工艺产生的至少部分结晶的状态存在。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预成型件，其特征在于，注塑成型的所述塑料材料在至少一个所述狭窄部位处具有能经由注塑成型的所述塑料材料的密度确定的结晶度，所述结晶度等于或大于3％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述预成型件由塑料材料构成的熔融物在1500bar至4000bar的注塑压力下注塑成型，所述注塑压力在熔融物容器上或在没有熔融物容器的注塑成型机中直接在喷嘴上测量。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述塑料材料具有至少一种选自下述组的聚合物：聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共聚物。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述塑料材料具有颜料和/或填充材料和/或润滑剂和/或基于石油或生物的添加剂。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述塑料材料基本上具有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯并且在至少一个所述狭窄部位上具有等于或大于3％的结晶度，其中所述结晶度经由根据标准ASTM D 1505-10的密度测量在固有粘度为0.78dl/g至0.84dl/g的情况下确定，所述固有粘度根据ISO 1628-5测量。
7.根据权利要求6所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述结晶度在至少一个所述狭窄部位(7)上为5％至7％。
8.根据权利要求6所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述结晶度在至少一个所述狭窄部位(7)上为7％至9％。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述颈部部段(3)具有多个至少局部地环绕的狭窄部位(7)，所述狭窄部位分别具有0.4mm至0.8mm的壁厚(t)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述颈部部段(3)至少在一些所述狭窄部位(7)上具有不同的壁厚(t)。
11.一种塑料容器，所述塑料容器以拉伸吹塑成型法由根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的注塑成型的预成型件(1)制成，所述塑料容器具有本体部段和与所述本体部段连接的容器颈，所述塑料容器的几何形状基本上对应于所述预成型件(1)的几何形状，其中所述容器颈具有机械的、热学的和阻挡特性，所述特性基本上相应于注塑成型的所述预成型件(1)的颈部部段(3)的机械的、热学的和阻挡特性。
12.根据权利要求11所述的塑料容器，其特征在于，所述容器颈在4bar的内部压力负荷持续24小时并且温度为38℃+/-1℃时具有下述内径扩张，所述内径扩张小于或等于在没有内部压力负荷时的内径的1％。
13.根据权利要求11所述的塑料容器，其特征在于，所述容器颈在相应于4g/l至9g/l的填充内容物碳化时的内部压力负荷持续24小时并且温度为38℃+/-1℃时具有下述内径扩张，所述内径扩张小于或等于在没有内部压力负荷时的内径的1％。
14.根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的塑料容器，其特征在于，所述容器颈在温度为50℃至55℃并且200N的轴向负荷持续3秒钟时具有小于0.5％的轴向的长度收缩。
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