CN104756720B - A kind of method of tomato cultivation - Google Patents

A kind of method of tomato cultivation Download PDF

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CN104756720B
CN104756720B CN201510173216.2A CN201510173216A CN104756720B CN 104756720 B CN104756720 B CN 104756720B CN 201510173216 A CN201510173216 A CN 201510173216A CN 104756720 B CN104756720 B CN 104756720B
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tomato
drip irrigation
stage
concentration
cultivation
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CN104756720A (en
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李衍素
于贤昌
贺超兴
闫妍
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Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method of tomato cultivation, the method includes: use drip irrigation to irrigate second stage Seedling Stage tomato under cultivation condition, described cultivation condition includes: day temperature is 10 12 DEG C, and night temperatures is 58 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150 250 μm of ol m‑2·s‑1, the photoperiod: 7 9h/15 17h, humidity is 80 90%, and the mode of described drip irrigation is: uses and contains 50 75mg L‑1The gibberellin of concentration and 9 11mg L‑1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration carries out drip irrigation, and once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80 120mL to every 68 days drip irrigations, and described second stage Seedling Stage is that 23 true leaves are expanded to start big bud occur.The method of the tomato cultivation of the present invention, can significantly extend the time span of tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor light.

Description

A kind of method of tomato cultivation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of tomato cultivation.
Background technology
In northern China heliogreenhouse, the growth of tomato for a long time by low temperature and poor light environment (10/5 ± 2 DEG C, 150±30μmol·m-2·s-1) impact, thus cause tomato dysplasia, growth cycle shorten and Cold month is easier to catch an illness.Specifically, low temperature and poor light can reduce the expression of plant N operating GFP, And then reduce nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activity and nitrogen content, photosynthesis of plant, Mineral Elements Content and ATP Enzymatic activity, it also can have a strong impact on the hormonal readiness in tomato plant simultaneously, thus has a strong impact on plant Normal growth is grown, and even results in that tomato occurs that growth cycle is disorderly, and it is existing that anamorphosis, fruiting period are short etc. As.
Therefore, it is badly in need of now a kind of cultivation side that can extend tomato fruiting period time span under low temperature and poor light Method.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide to overcome drawbacks described above of the prior art, provide one to prolong The cultivation method of tomatoes of tomato fruiting period time span under long low temperature and poor light.
The present inventor finds under study for action, and temperature is 10-12 DEG C by day, and night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of ol m-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90% Environmental condition under, use contain 50-75mg L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 9-11mg L-1Concentration right The solution of p-nitrophenol sodium carries out drip irrigation, every 6-8 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage seedling Phase tomato, each drip irrigation amount is this specific drip irrigation of 80-120mL such that it is able to extend low temperature The time span of tomato fruiting period under the low light level.
Therefore, to achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of method of tomato cultivation, the method Including: use drip irrigation to irrigate second stage Seedling Stage tomato under cultivation condition, described cultivation Training condition includes: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, and night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250μmol·m-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, the side of described drip irrigation Formula is: uses and contains 50-75mg L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 9-11mg L-1The p-nitrophenol of concentration The solution of sodium carries out drip irrigation, every 6-8 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, Each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, and described second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 piece true leaf is expanded to start Now big bud.
The method of the tomato cultivation of the present invention, can significantly extend the time of tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor light Span, so that tomato fruiting period extends to 82-90 days under low temperature and poor light.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in detailed description of the invention part subsequently.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.It should be appreciated that this place is retouched The detailed description of the invention stated is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of method of tomato cultivation, the method includes: uses under cultivation condition and drips Second stage Seedling Stage tomato is irrigated by filling mode, and described cultivation condition includes: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of ol m-2·s-1, the photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, and the mode of described drip irrigation is: uses and contains 50-75mg L-1Dense The gibberellin of degree and 9-11mg L-1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration carries out drip irrigation, within every 6-8 days, drips Filling once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, described Second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 piece true leaf is expanded to start big bud occur.
In the present invention, the growth cycle of tomato can be divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, the bloom phase of bearing fruit and result In four periods of phase, wherein, germination period refers to appear as germination period from seed germination to rough leaf, and one As need 7-9 days;Seedling Stage refer to by rough leaf occur to now big bud, about need 50-60 My god, wherein, Seedling Stage experiences two stages, and the first stage is that rough leaf occurs to 2-3 piece true leaf Launching, about needing 20-30 days, second stage is that 2-3 piece true leaf is expanded to start big bud occur, about needs 20-30 days.Phase of bearing fruit of blooming refers to that tomato big flower bud occurs to bearing fruit as the phase of bearing fruit of blooming from the first inflorescence, Under normal circumstances, from bud differentiation to blooming about through 30 days.Fruiting period refers to sit fruit from the first inflorescence To end of gathering, about 80-90 days.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, as long as using drip irrigation to second under cultivation condition Stage Seedling Stage tomato is irrigated, and described cultivation condition includes: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, night Temperature is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of ol m-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity For 80-90%, the mode of described drip irrigation is: uses and contains 50-75mg L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 9-11 mg·L-1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration carries out drip irrigation, every 6-8 days drip irrigations once, relative to often Strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, and described second stage Seedling Stage is 2-3 piece true leaf is expanded to start big bud occur, can extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light.But It is in order to realize water-fertilizer integral, and to extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light further, it is preferable that Containing 50-75mg L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 9-11mg L-1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration is also It is 350-370mg L containing total concentration-1Composite fertilizer.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described composite fertilizer can be the composite fertilizer of this area routine, But, when NO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+, and weight is than for 100-110: During 250-260:10-12:1-2:1, the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.
According to method of the present invention, wherein it is preferred to, described cultivation condition also includes: soil pH Value is 6-6.5.Those skilled in the art knows, and the edaphic condition to cultivation for the tomato requires not high, But, we have discovered that, the specific cultivation method of tomatoes of the present invention is applicable to faintly acid soil, Faintly acid soil uses the method plantation tomato of the present invention, is more beneficial for extending tomato under low temperature and poor light Fruiting period.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described tomato variety can be the tomato of this area routine Kind, for example, can be " UEFA Champions League ", " middle vegetables No. 4 " and " in miscellaneous 201 ", preferably " UEFA Champions League ".
According to method of the present invention, wherein it is preferred to, the method also includes: after irrigating 1-3 time, Continuation cultivated tomato is after 7-10 days, and drip irrigation total concentration is 350-370mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described composite fertilizer can be the composite fertilizer of this area routine, But, when NO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+, and 100-110:250-260: During 10-12:1-2:1, the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.
In the present invention, drip irrigation during drip irrigation composite fertilizer solution can be: uses the total concentration to be 350-370mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution drip irrigation, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, drip irrigation Amount is 80-120mL, and every 6-8 days drip irrigations once, are total to drip irrigation 1-2 time.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the method can also include: contains 50-75 in drip irrigation mg·L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 9-11mg L-1After the solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration, to second-order Section Seedling Stage tomato carries out K cryogenic treatment, and the condition of described K cryogenic treatment is: day temperature is 6-8 DEG C, Night temperatures is 2-3 DEG C, and the time is 1-2 days such that it is able to extend tomato under low temperature and poor light further Fruiting period.In the present invention.The opportunity of K cryogenic treatment can independent drip irrigation composite fertilizer solution before and after or Afterwards.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the planting density of described second stage Seedling Stage tomato can Think the planting density of this area routine, for example can be for be 4-5 strain/m2
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for the tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In heliogreenhouse, the environmental condition of heliogreenhouse is: day temperature is 11 DEG C, and night temperatures is 7 DEG C, intensity of illumination is 200 μm of ol m-2·s-1, photoperiod: 8h/16h, humidity is 80%, by sunlight Room is cultivated first stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) field planting in the soil that pH value is 6, Its density is made to be 4 strains/m2, when 2 true leaves of tomato launch (entering second stage Seedling Stage), use Containing 50mg L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 10mg L-1The solution drip irrigation of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration Two-stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 8 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, often Secondary drip irrigation amount is 80mL, stops the above-mentioned solution of drip irrigation after drip irrigation 3 times, wherein, in this solution possibly together with Total concentration is 350mg L-1Composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Group Become, and weight ratio is for 100:250:10:1:1.K cryogenic treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, daytime is temperature Degree is 6 DEG C, and night temperatures is 3 DEG C, then proceedes to cultivated tomato, and after 7 days, total concentration of drip irrigation is 350mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution, altogether drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation 100mL, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、 K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is for 100:250:10:1:1.Then proceed to Cultivated tomato, during big bud to appear, shows that this seedling enters and blooms the phase of bearing fruit, treat that the first inflorescence is sat When really, show that tomato enters fruiting period.The growth conditions of tomato is observed during whole tomato cultivation, And record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for the tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In heliogreenhouse, the environmental condition of heliogreenhouse is: day temperature is 10 DEG C, and night temperatures is 5 DEG C, intensity of illumination is 150 μm of ol m-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7h/15h, humidity is 85%, by sunlight Room is cultivated the first stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) in the soil that pH value is 6.5 fixed Plant so that it is density is 5 strains/m2, when 2 true leaves of tomato launch (entering second stage Seedling Stage), Use and contain 75mg L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 9mg L-1The solution drip irrigation of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration Second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 7 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, Each drip irrigation amount is 100mL, stops the above-mentioned solution of drip irrigation, wherein, also contain in this solution after drip irrigation 2 times Total concentration is had to be 360mg L-1Composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+ Composition, and weight ratio is for 105:255:10:1:1.Then proceed to cultivated tomato, after 7 days, drip irrigation Total concentration is 370mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution, altogether drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation 100mL, should Composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is for 100:255:10:1: 1.K cryogenic treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, daytime be temperature be 7 DEG C, night temperatures is 2 DEG C, then continues Continuous cultivated tomato, during big bud to appear, shows that this seedling enters and blooms the phase of bearing fruit, treat that the first inflorescence is sat When living fruit, show that tomato enters fruiting period.The growth conditions of tomato is observed during whole tomato cultivation, And record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for the tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In heliogreenhouse, the environmental condition of heliogreenhouse is: day temperature is 12 DEG C, and night temperatures is 8 DEG C, intensity of illumination is 250 μm of ol m-2·s-1, photoperiod: 9h/17h, humidity is 90%, by sunlight Room is cultivated the first stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) in the soil that pH value is 6.5 fixed Plant so that it is density is 4 strains/m2, when 2 true leaves of tomato launch (entering second stage Seedling Stage), Use and contain 75mg L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 11mg L-1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration drips Fill second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 6 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, Each drip irrigation amount is 120mL, stops the above-mentioned solution of drip irrigation, wherein, also contain in this solution after drip irrigation 1 time Total concentration is had to be 370mg L-1Composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+ Composition, and weight ratio is for 110:260:12:2:1.K cryogenic treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, daytime is Temperature is 6 DEG C, and night temperatures is 3 DEG C, then proceedes to cultivated tomato, after 7 days, and total concentration of drip irrigation For 360mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution, altogether drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation 100mL, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、 K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is for 110:260:12:2:1.Then proceed to plant Training tomato, during big bud to appear, shows that this seedling enters and blooms the phase of bearing fruit, treat that the first inflorescence sits fruit When, show that tomato enters fruiting period.The growth conditions of tomato is observed during whole tomato cultivation, and The time span of record tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for the tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, except for the difference that, containing 50mg L-1Concentration red mould Element and 10mg L-1Containing total concentration in the solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration is 350mg L-1Compound Fertilizer, by NO in this composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Fe3+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is for 100:250: 10:1:1, observes the growth conditions of tomato during whole tomato cultivation, and records tomato fruiting period Time span, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for the tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the pH value of the soil of cultivation is 7, Observe the growth conditions of tomato during whole tomato cultivation, and record the when span of tomato fruiting period Degree, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for the tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, except for the difference that, by drip irrigation 100mL 350mg after 7 days L-1Composite fertilizer's solution replace with isopyknic clear water, observe tomato during the whole tomato cultivation Growth conditions, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for the tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, except for the difference that, drip irrigation contains 50mg L-1Concentration Gibberellin and 10mg L-1After the solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration, do not carry out K cryogenic treatment, whole The growth conditions of observation tomato during individual tomato cultivation, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, knot Fruit is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, except for the difference that, use and drip irrigation is contained 50mg L-1 The gibberellin of concentration and 10mg L-1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration replaces with foliar spray and contains 50mg·L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 10mg L-1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration, at whole kind The growth conditions of observation tomato in eggplant cultivation, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, result is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, except for the difference that, drip irrigation is contained 50mg L-1Concentration Gibberellin and 10mg L-1Replace with first stage children the opportunity of the solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration Seedling tomato (during launching to 2-3 piece true leaf occurs in rough leaf), in whole tomato cultivation process The growth conditions of middle observation tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor light, result is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, except for the difference that, will be containing 50mg L-1Concentration red Mycin and 10mg L-1The drip irrigation of the solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration replaces with: uses and contains 80mg·L-1The gibberellin of concentration and 8mg L-1The solution drip irrigation second stage of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration Seedling Stage tomato, every 9 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation Amount is 130mL, and records the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Test case
The yield of the fruiting period of mensuration embodiment 1-7 and comparative example 1-3 and the abnormal rate of fruit, result is shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Embodiment 1-7 is compared it can be seen that the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention with comparative example 1-3, Can significantly extend the time span of tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor light, so that tomato under low temperature and poor light Fruiting period extends to 82-90 days.
Embodiment 1 is compared it can be seen that NO is contained in composite fertilizer with embodiment 43 -、K+、Mn2+、 Cu2+And Zn2+, weight ratio, during for 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1, can prolong further The fruiting period of tomato under long low temperature and poor light.
Embodiment 1 is compared it can be seen that when the pH value of cultivating soil is 6-6.5 with embodiment 5, The fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.
After embodiment 1 is compared it can be seen that irrigate 1-3 time with embodiment 6, continue cultivated tomato 7-10 After it, drip irrigation total concentration is 350-370mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution, low temperature can be extended further weak The fruiting period of tomato under light.
Compare embodiment 1 it can be seen that contain 50-75mg L in drip irrigation with embodiment 7-1Concentration Gibberellin and 9-11mg L-1After the solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration, to second stage Seedling Stage tomato Carrying out K cryogenic treatment, the condition of described K cryogenic treatment is: day temperature is 6-8 DEG C, and night temperatures is 2-3 DEG C, when the time is 1-2 days, it is also possible to extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light further.
Therefore, the method for the tomato cultivation of the present invention, can significantly extend tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor light Time span so that the fruiting period of tomato extends to 82-90 days under low temperature and poor light.Tomato result The delay of phase enables to heliogreenhouse and reduces plantation while winter supplies fresh tomato constantly Stubble number, thus saved seed and manpower, reduce cost.In addition, the method for the employing present invention can also Enough improve the yield and quality of tomato.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above, but, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned reality Execute the detail in mode, in the technology concept of the present invention, can be to the technical side of the present invention Case carries out multiple simple variant, and these simple variant belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It is further to note that each the concrete technology described in above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is special Levy, in the case of reconcilable, can be combined by any suitable means, in order to avoid need not The repetition wanted, various possible combinations are no longer illustrated by the present invention separately.
Additionally, also can be combined between the various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as its Without prejudice to the thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.

Claims (9)

1. the method for a tomato cultivation, it is characterised in that the method includes: adopt under cultivation condition Being irrigated second stage Seedling Stage tomato by drip irrigation, described cultivation condition includes: day temperature For 10-12 DEG C, night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of ol m-2·s-1, the photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, and the mode of described drip irrigation is: uses and contains 50-75mg L-1Dense The gibberellin of degree and 9-11mg L-1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration carries out drip irrigation, within every 6-8 days, drips Filling once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, described Second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 piece true leaf is expanded to start big bud occur.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, containing 50-75mg L-1The gibberellin of concentration With 9-11mg L-1The solution of the Sodium p-nitrophenoxide of concentration is 350-370mg L possibly together with total concentration-1's Composite fertilizer.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, NO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、 Cu2+And Zn2+, weight is than for 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, described cultivation condition also includes: soil pH Value is 6-6.5.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, described tomato variety for " UEFA Champions League ", " in One in vegetables No. 4 " and " in miscellaneous 201 ".
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, described tomato variety is " UEFA Champions League ".
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, the method also includes: after irrigating 1-3 time, Continuation cultivated tomato is after 7-10 days, and drip irrigation total concentration is 350-370mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein, NO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、 Cu2+And Zn2+, weight is than for 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, the kind of described second stage Seedling Stage tomato Density in planting is 4-5 strain/m2
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