CN104756719B - Tomato plant culturing method - Google Patents
Tomato plant culturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756719B CN104756719B CN201510172981.2A CN201510172981A CN104756719B CN 104756719 B CN104756719 B CN 104756719B CN 201510172981 A CN201510172981 A CN 201510172981A CN 104756719 B CN104756719 B CN 104756719B
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- tomato
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to a tomato plant culturing method. The tomato plant culturing method comprises the step that tomato plants in the seedling stage of the second stage are irrigated in a drop irrigation mode under the culturing conditions, wherein according to the culturing conditions, the temperature at daytime ranges from 10 DEG C to 12 DEG C, the temperature at night ranges from 5 DEG C to 8 DEG C, the light intensity ranges from 150 umol.m＜-2＞.s＜-1＞ to 250 umol.m＜-2＞.s＜-1＞, the light period is 7-9 h/15-17 h, and the humidity ranges from 80% to 90%; according to the irrigation mode, a pimacol solution with the concentration of 12-14 mg.L＜-1＞ is used for carrying out drop irrigation, drop irrigation is carried out every 6-8 days, the irrigation amount for each tomato plant in the seedling stage of the second stage each time ranges from 80 mL to 120 mL, and the seedling stage of the second stage refers to the period from spreading of two to three true leaves to emerging of large flower buds. By means of the tomato plant culturing method, the time span of the tomato plant fruiting period under the low temperature and the lower light level can be obviously prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of tomato cultivation.
Background technology
In northern China heliogreenhouse, the growth of tomato be subject to for a long time low temperature and poor light environment (10/5 ± 2 DEG C, 150 ± 30
μmol·m-2·s-1) impact, thereby cause tomato dysplasia, growth cycle shorten and more easily catch an illness the coldest month. ToolBody ground, low temperature and poor light can reduce the expression of plant N running GFP, and then reduces nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activity and nitrogen containsAmount, photosynthesis of plant, Mineral Elements Content and atpase activity, it also can have a strong impact on the hormone water in tomato plant simultaneouslyFlat, thus the normal growth that has a strong impact on plant grow, even cause tomato to occur growth cycle disorder, anamorphosis, resultThe phenomenons such as the phase is short.
Therefore, be badly in need of now a kind of cultural method that can extend tomato fruiting period time span under low temperature and poor light.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide in order to overcome above-mentioned defect of the prior art, a little less than providing one to extend low temperatureThe cultivation method of tomatoes of tomato fruiting period time span under light.
The present inventor finds under study for action, and temperature is 10-12 DEG C by day, and night, temperature was 5-8 DEG C, and illumination is strongDegree is 150-250 μ molm-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, under the environmental condition that humidity is 80-90%, adopts 12-
14mg·L-1Concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, every 6-8 days drip irrigation once, with respect to every strain second stage Seedling Stage kindEggplant, each drip irrigation amount is this specific drip irrigation of 80-120mL, thereby can extend tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor lightTime span.
Therefore, to achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of method of tomato cultivation, the method comprises: plantingUnder training condition, adopt drip irrigation to irrigate second stage Seedling Stage tomato, described cultivation condition comprises: day temperature is10-12 DEG C, night, temperature was 5-8 DEG C, intensity of illumination is 150-250 μ molm-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h is wetDegree is 80-90%, and the mode of described drip irrigation is: adopt 12-14mgL-1Concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, every 6-8 daysOnce, with respect to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL to drip irrigation, described second stage Seedling StageFor being expanded to, 2-3 sheet true leaf starts to occur large bud.
The method of tomato cultivation of the present invention, can significant prolongation low temperature and poor light under the time span of tomato fruiting period, canTo make tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor light extend to 79-82 days.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail the detailed description of the invention part subsequently.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated. Should be understood that, described herein concreteEmbodiment only, for description and interpretation the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
A kind of method that the invention provides tomato cultivation, the method comprises: under cultivation condition, adopt drip irrigation pairSecond stage Seedling Stage tomato is irrigated, and described cultivation condition comprises: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, and night, temperature was 5-8DEG C, intensity of illumination is 150-250 μ molm-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, described drip irrigationMode is: adopt 12-14mgL-1Concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, every 6-8 days drip irrigation once, with respect to every strain secondStage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, described second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 sheet true leaf is expanded to and startsNow large bud.
In the present invention, the growth cycle of tomato can be divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, while blooming four of the phase of bearing fruit and fruiting periodsPhase, wherein, germination period refers to and from seed germination to rough leaf, appears as germination period, generally needs 7-9 days; Seedling Stage refers toOccured to and started now large bud by rough leaf, approximately need 50-60 days, wherein, in Seedling Stage two stages of experience, the first stage isRough leaf occurs to 2-3 sheet true leaf and launches, and approximately needs 20-30 days, second stage be 2-3 sheet true leaf be expanded to start to occur largeBud, approximately needs 20-30 days. Phase of bearing fruit of blooming refers to that tomato occurs that from the first inflorescence large flower bud is to bearing fruit as blooming the phase of bearing fruit, normalIn situation, from bud differentiation to blooming approximately through 30 days. Fruiting period refers to from the first inflorescence sits fruit to the end of gathering, and is approximately80-90 days.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, as long as adopt drip irrigation to second stage seedling under cultivation conditionPhase, tomato was irrigated, and described cultivation condition comprises: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, and night, temperature was 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is
150-250μmol·m-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, the mode of described drip irrigation is: adopt
12-14mg·L-1Concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, every 6-8 days drip irrigation once, with respect to every strain second stage Seedling StageTomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, described second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 sheet true leaf is expanded to and starts to occur large bud,Can extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light. But, in order to realize water-fertilizer integral, and further extend under low temperature and poor lightThe fruiting period of tomato, preferably, in described Nafusaku solution, also containing total concentration is 350-370mgL-1Composite fertilizer.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described composite fertilizer can be the composite fertilizer of this area routine, still, whenNO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+, and weight ratio is while being 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1, Neng GoujinOne step extends the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, preferably, described cultivation condition also comprises: soil pH value is 6-6.5.Those skilled in the art knows, and tomato requires not high to the edaphic condition of cultivation, and still, we study discovery, the present inventionSpecific cultivation method of tomatoes, applicable to faintly acid soil, adopts method plantation tomato of the present invention in faintly acid soil,More be conducive to extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described tomato variety can be the tomato variety of this area routine, for exampleCan be " UEFA Champions League ", " middle vegetables No. 4 " and " in assorted 201 ", be preferably " UEFA Champions League ".
According to method of the present invention, wherein, preferably, the method also comprises: irrigate after 1-3 time, continue cultivation kindAfter eggplant 7-10 days, drip irrigation total concentration is 350-370mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described composite fertilizer can be the composite fertilizer of this area routine, still, whenNO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+, and when 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1, can further extendThe fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light.
In the present invention, drip irrigation when drip irrigation composite fertilizer solution can be: adopting total concentration is 350-370mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution drip irrigation, with respect to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, every 6-8 days drip irrigation oneInferior, drip irrigation 1-2 time altogether.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the method can also comprise: after drip irrigation Nafusaku solution, toTwo-stage, Seedling Stage tomato carried out K cryogenic treatment, and the condition of described K cryogenic treatment is: day temperature is 6-8 DEG C, and night, temperature was2-3 DEG C, the time is 1-2 days, thereby can further extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light. In the present invention. K cryogenic treatmentOpportunity can be before independent drip irrigation composite fertilizer solution after or afterwards.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the planting density of described second stage Seedling Stage tomato can be abilityThe planting density of territory routine, for example can be for being 4-5 strain/m2。
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In heliogreenhouse, the environmental condition of heliogreenhouse is: day temperature is 11 DEG C, and night, temperature was 7 DEG C, and illumination is strongDegree is 200 μ molm-2·s-1, photoperiod: 8h/16h, humidity is 80%, by the soil that in heliogreenhouse, cultivation is 6 in pH valueIn first stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) field planting, making its density is 4 strains/m2, in the time that 2 true leaves of tomato launch(entering second stage Seedling Stage), adopts 12mgL-1Concentration Nafusaku solution drip irrigation second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 8 daysOnce, with respect to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80mL to drip irrigation, after drip irrigation 3 times, stops drip irrigation naphthalene secondAcid sodium solution, wherein, in this Nafusaku solution, also containing total concentration is 350mgL-1Composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、
K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is 100:250:10:1:1. K cryogenic treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, be temperature daytimeDegree is 6 DEG C, and night, temperature was 3 DEG C, then continues cultivation tomato, and after 7 days, total concentration of drip irrigation is 350mg L-1Composite fertilizerSolution, drip irrigation 1 time altogether, each drip irrigation 100mL, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is100:250:10:1:1. Then continue cultivation tomato, in the time there is large bud, show that this seedling enters the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, treat theWhen one inflorescence is sat fruit, show that tomato enters fruiting period. In whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and noteThe time span of record tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In heliogreenhouse, the environmental condition of heliogreenhouse is: day temperature is 10 DEG C, and night, temperature was 5 DEG C, and illumination is strongDegree is 150 μ molm-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7h/15h, humidity is 85%, by the soil that in heliogreenhouse, cultivation is 6.5 in pH valueFirst stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) field planting in earth, making its density is 5 strains/m2, in the time that 2 true leaves of tomato launch(entering second stage Seedling Stage), adopts 13mgL-1Concentration Nafusaku solution drip irrigation second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 7 daysOnce, with respect to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 100mL to drip irrigation, after drip irrigation 2 times, stops drip irrigation naphthalene secondAcid sodium solution, wherein, in this Nafusaku solution, also containing total concentration is 360mgL-1Composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、
K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is 105:255:10:1:1. Then continue cultivation tomato, after 7 days, drip irrigation onceTotal concentration is 370mgL-1Composite fertilizer's solution, altogether drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation 100mL, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、K+、Mn2+、
Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is 100:255:10:1:1. K cryogenic treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, be that temperature is 7 DEG C daytime,Night, temperature was 2 DEG C, then continued cultivation tomato, in the time there is large bud, showed that this seedling enters the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, and treats firstWhen inflorescence is sat fruit, show that tomato enters fruiting period. In whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and recordThe time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In heliogreenhouse, the environmental condition of heliogreenhouse is: day temperature is 12 DEG C, and night, temperature was 8 DEG C, and illumination is strongDegree is 250 μ molm-2·s-1, photoperiod: 9h/17h, humidity is 90%, by the soil that in heliogreenhouse, cultivation is 6.5 in pH valueFirst stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) field planting in earth, making its density is 4 strains/m2, in the time that 2 true leaves of tomato launch(entering second stage Seedling Stage), adopts 14mgL-1Concentration Nafusaku solution drip irrigation second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 6 daysOnce, with respect to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 120mL to drip irrigation, after drip irrigation 1 time, stops drip irrigation naphthalene secondAcid sodium solution, wherein, in this Nafusaku solution, also containing total concentration is 370mgL-1Composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、
K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is 110:260:12:2:1. K cryogenic treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, be temperature daytimeDegree is 6 DEG C, and night, temperature was 3 DEG C, then continues cultivation tomato, and after 7 days, total concentration of drip irrigation is 360mgL-1CompoundFertile solution, drip irrigation 1 time altogether, each drip irrigation 100mL, this composite fertilizer is by NO3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is110:260:12:2:1. Then continue cultivation tomato, in the time there is large bud, show that this seedling enters the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, treat theWhen one inflorescence is sat fruit, show that tomato enters fruiting period. In whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and noteThe time span of record tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivation tomato of embodiment 1, different, in Nafusaku solution, containing total concentration is 350mg L-1Composite fertilizer, in this composite fertilizer by NO3 -、K+、Fe3+、Cu2+And Zn2+Composition, and weight ratio is 100:250:10:1:1, wholeIn tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivation tomato of embodiment 1, different, the pH value of the soil of cultivation is 7, at whole tomato cultivationIn process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivation tomato of embodiment 1, different, by drip irrigation 100mL 350mg L after 7 days-1Composite fertilizerSolution replaces with isopyknic clear water, in whole tomato cultivation process, observes the growth conditions of tomato, and records tomato resultThe time span of phase, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is for illustrating the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivation tomato of embodiment 1, different, after drip irrigation Nafusaku solution, do not carry out K cryogenic treatment,In whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
According to the method cultivation tomato of embodiment 1, different, adopt drip irrigation Nafusaku solution is replaced with to blade face sprayBe coated with Nafusaku solution, in whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time of tomato fruiting periodSpan, the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
According to the method cultivation tomato of embodiment 1, different, replaced with to first the opportunity of drip irrigation Nafusaku solutionStage Seedling Stage tomato (rough leaf occur to 2-3 sheet true leaf launch during) is observed kind in whole tomato cultivation processThe growth conditions of eggplant, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
According to the method cultivation tomato of embodiment 1, different, the drip irrigation of Nafusaku solution is replaced with: adoptUse 10mgL-1Concentration Nafusaku solution drip irrigation second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 9 days drip irrigations once, with respect to every strain secondStage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 130mL, and records the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Test case
The output of fruiting period and the abnormal rate of fruit of measuring embodiment 1-7 and comparative example 1-3, the results are shown in following table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 1-7 and comparative example 1-3 relatively can be found out to the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention can significantly be prolongedThe time span of tomato fruiting period under long low temperature and poor light, can make tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor light extend to 79-82 days.
Embodiment 1 and embodiment 4 relatively can be found out, NO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+, weight ratioDuring for 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1, can further extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light.
Embodiment 1 and embodiment 5 relatively can be found out, in the time that the pH of cultivating soil value is 6-6.5, can further prolongThe fruiting period of tomato under long low temperature and poor light.
Embodiment 1 and embodiment 6 relatively can be found out, irrigate after 1-3 time, continue cultivation tomato after 7-10 days, drip irrigationTotal concentration is 350-370mgL-1Composite fertilizer's solution, can further extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light.
Embodiment 1 and embodiment 7 relatively can be found out, after drip irrigation Nafusaku solution, to second stage Seedling StageTomato carries out K cryogenic treatment, and the condition of described K cryogenic treatment is: day temperature is 6-8 DEG C, and night, temperature was 2-3 DEG C, and the time is1-2 days time, also can further extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light.
Therefore, the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention, can significant prolongation low temperature and poor light under the time span of tomato fruiting periodDegree, can make the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light extend to 79-82 days. The delay of tomato fruiting period can make sunlightChamber reduces the stubble number of plantation when supply fresh tomato winter constantly, thereby has saved seed and manpower, has reduced one-tenthThis. In addition, adopt method of the present invention can also improve the output of tomato.
More than describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail, still, the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned embodimentDetail, within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention, can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, thisA little simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in addition, each the concrete technical characterictic described in above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, at lance notIn the situation of shield, can combine by any suitable mode, for fear of unnecessary repetition, the present invention to various canThe combination explanation no longer separately of energy.
In addition, between various embodiment of the present invention, also can be combined, as long as it is without prejudice to thisThe thought of invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Claims (9)
1. a method for tomato cultivation, is characterized in that, the method comprises: under cultivation condition, adopt drip irrigation to secondStage, Seedling Stage tomato was irrigated, and described cultivation condition comprises: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, and night, temperature was 5-8 DEG C, lightBe 150-250 μ molm according to intensity-2·s-1, photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, the mode of described drip irrigationFor: adopt 12-14mgL-1Concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, every 6-8 days drip irrigation once, with respect to every strain second stageSeedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, described second stage Seedling Stage be 2-3 sheet true leaf be expanded to start to occur largeBud.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, in described Nafusaku solution, also containing total concentration is 350-
370mg·L-1Composite fertilizer.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, NO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+, weight ratio is
100-110：250-260：10-12：1-2：1。
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, described cultivation condition also comprises: soil pH value is 6-6.5.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, described tomato variety is " UEFA Champions League ", " middle vegetables No. 4 " and " in assorted 201 "In one.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, described tomato variety is " UEFA Champions League ".
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, the method also comprises: irrigate after 1-3 time, continue cultivation tomato 7-10After it, drip irrigation total concentration is 350-370mg L-1Composite fertilizer's solution.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein, NO is contained in composite fertilizer3 -、K+、Mn2+、Cu2+And Zn2+, weight ratio is
100-110：250-260：10-12：1-2：1。
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, the planting density of described second stage Seedling Stage tomato is 4-5 strain/m2。
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| PL2549864T3 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2019-07-31 | Crop Microclimate Management, Inc. | Methods for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress in plants |
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| CN101361483A (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-02-11 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Corn low temperature resistance production-increasing regulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN103416230A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-04 | 遵义市龙泉农业科技发展有限公司 | Disease-resistant, draught-resistant and cold-resistant grafting technology for black tomatoes in South America |
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