CN104756719A - Tomato plant culturing method - Google Patents
Tomato plant culturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756719A CN104756719A CN201510172981.2A CN201510172981A CN104756719A CN 104756719 A CN104756719 A CN 104756719A CN 201510172981 A CN201510172981 A CN 201510172981A CN 104756719 A CN104756719 A CN 104756719A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- tomato
- drip irrigation
- stage
- seedling stage
- composite fertilizer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to a tomato plant culturing method. The tomato plant culturing method comprises the step that tomato plants in the seedling stage of the second stage are irrigated in a drop irrigation mode under the culturing conditions, wherein according to the culturing conditions, the temperature at daytime ranges from 10 DEG C to 12 DEG C, the temperature at night ranges from 5 DEG C to 8 DEG C, the light intensity ranges from 150 umol.m<-2>.s<-1> to 250 umol.m<-2>.s<-1>, the light period is 7-9 h/15-17 h, and the humidity ranges from 80% to 90%; according to the irrigation mode, a pimacol solution with the concentration of 12-14 mg.L<-1> is used for carrying out drop irrigation, drop irrigation is carried out every 6-8 days, the irrigation amount for each tomato plant in the seedling stage of the second stage each time ranges from 80 mL to 120 mL, and the seedling stage of the second stage refers to the period from spreading of two to three true leaves to emerging of large flower buds. By means of the tomato plant culturing method, the time span of the tomato plant fruiting period under the low temperature and the lower light level can be obviously prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of tomato cultivation.
Background technology
In northern China greenhouse by solar heat, the growth of tomato be subject to for a long time low temperature and poor light environment (10/5 ± 2 DEG C, 150 ± 30 μm of olm
-2s
-1) impact, thus cause tomato dysplasia, growth cycle shorten and more easily catch an illness the coldest month.Particularly, low temperature and poor light can reduce the expression of plant N running protein gene, and then reduce nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activity and nitrogen content, photosynthesis of plant, Mineral Elements Content and atpase activity, it also can have a strong impact on the hormonal readiness in tomato plant simultaneously, the phenomenons such as thus the normal growth having a strong impact on plant is grown, growth cycle is disorderly even to cause tomato to occur, anamorphosis, fruiting period are short.
Therefore, a kind of cultivation method that can extend tomato fruiting period time span under low temperature and poor light is badly in need of now.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide to overcome above-mentioned defect of the prior art, a kind of cultivation method of tomatoes that can extend tomato fruiting period time span under low temperature and poor light is provided.
The present inventor finds under study for action, and temperature is 10-12 DEG C by day, and night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of olm
-2s
-1, the photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is under the environmental condition of 80-90%, adopts 12-14mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, and once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is this specific drip irrigation of 80-120mL to every 6-8 days drip irrigation, thus the time span of tomato fruiting period under low temperature and poor light can be extended.
Therefore, to achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of method of tomato cultivation, the method comprises: under cultivation condition, adopt drip irrigation to irrigate second stage Seedling Stage tomato, described cultivation condition comprises: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of olm
-2s
-1, the photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, and the mode of described drip irrigation is: adopt 12-14mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, and once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL to every 6-8 days drip irrigation, and described second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 sheet true leaf is expanded to and starts to occur large bud.
The method of tomato cultivation of the present invention, can the time span of tomato fruiting period under significant prolongation low temperature and poor light, and under can making low temperature and poor light, tomato fruiting period extends to 79-82 days.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in embodiment part subsequently.
Embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, embodiment described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of method of tomato cultivation, the method comprises: under cultivation condition, adopt drip irrigation to irrigate second stage Seedling Stage tomato, described cultivation condition comprises: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, and night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of olm
-2s
-1, the photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, and the mode of described drip irrigation is: adopt 12-14mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, and once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL to every 6-8 days drip irrigation, and described second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 sheet true leaf is expanded to and starts to occur large bud.
In the present invention, the growth cycle of tomato can be divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, bloom the phase of bearing fruit and four periods of fruiting period, and wherein, germination period refers to and appear as germination period from seed germination to rough leaf, generally needs 7-9 days; Seedling Stage to refer to by rough leaf occurs to now large bud, about need 50-60 days, wherein, Seedling Stage experiences two stages, first stage is that rough leaf occurs to the expansion of 2-3 sheet true leaf, about need 20-30 days, second stage is that 2-3 sheet true leaf is expanded to and starts to occur large bud, about needs 20-30 days.Phase of bearing fruit of blooming refers to that from the first inflorescence, tomato occurs that large flower bud is to bearing fruit as blooming the phase of bearing fruit, under normal circumstances, from flower bud differentiation to blooming about through 30 days.Fruiting period refers to from the first inflorescence sits fruit to end of gathering, and is approximately 80-90 days.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, as long as adopt drip irrigation to irrigate second stage Seedling Stage tomato under cultivation condition, described cultivation condition comprises: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, and night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of olm
-2s
-1, the photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, and the mode of described drip irrigation is: adopt 12-14mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL to every 6-8 days drip irrigation, described second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 sheet true leaf is expanded to and starts to occur large bud, can extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light.But, in order to realize water-fertilizer integral, and the fruiting period of tomato under extending further low temperature and poor light, preferably, be also 350-370mgL containing total concentration in described Nafusaku solution
-1composite fertilizer.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described composite fertilizer can be the composite fertilizer of this area routine, but, when NO is contained in composite fertilizer
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+, and when weight ratio is 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1, the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, preferably, described cultivation condition also comprises: soil pH value is 6-6.5.Those skilled in the art knows, tomato requires not high to the soil condition of cultivation, but, we study discovery, the specific cultivation method of tomatoes of the present invention is applicable to faintly acid soil, in faintly acid soil, adopt method of the present invention to plant tomato, be more conducive to the fruiting period extending tomato under low temperature and poor light.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described tomato variety can be the tomato variety of this area routine, such as, can be " UEFA Champions League ", " middle vegetables No. 4 " and " in assorted 201 ", be preferably " UEFA Champions League ".
According to method of the present invention, wherein, preferably, the method also comprises: after irrigating 1-3 time, and continue cultivated tomato after 7-10 days, drip irrigation total concentration is 350-370mg L
-1composite fertilizer's solution.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described composite fertilizer can be the composite fertilizer of this area routine, but, when NO is contained in composite fertilizer
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+, and during 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1, the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.
In the present invention, drip irrigation during drip irrigation composite fertilizer solution can be: adopt total concentration to be 350-370mg L
-1composite fertilizer's solution drip irrigation, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL, every 6-8 days drip irrigation once, altogether drip irrigation 1-2 time.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the method can also comprise: after drip irrigation Nafusaku solution, low temperature treatment is carried out to second stage Seedling Stage tomato, the condition of described low temperature treatment is: day temperature is 6-8 DEG C, night temperatures is 2-3 DEG C, and the time is 1-2 days, thus the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.In the present invention.Opportunity of low temperature treatment can in the front and back of independent drip irrigation composite fertilizer solution or afterwards.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the planting density of described second stage Seedling Stage tomato can be the planting density of this area routine, such as can for being 4-5 strain/m
2.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is for illustration of the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In greenhouse by solar heat, the environmental condition of greenhouse by solar heat is: day temperature is 11 DEG C, and night temperatures is 7 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 200 μm of olm
-2s
-1, the photoperiod: 8h/16h, humidity is 80%, being first stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) field planting in the soil of 6, making its density be 4 strains/m by cultivating in pH value in greenhouse by solar heat
2, when tomato 2 true leaves launch (entering second stage Seedling Stage), adopt 12mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution drip irrigation second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 8 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80mL, drip irrigation stops drip irrigation Nafusaku solution 3 times afterwards, and wherein, also containing total concentration in this Nafusaku solution is 350mgL
-1composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+composition, and weight ratio is 100:250:10:1:1.Low temperature treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, daytime is temperature is 6 DEG C, and night temperatures is 3 DEG C, then continues cultivated tomato, and after 7 days, drip irrigation total concentration is 350mg L
-1composite fertilizer's solution, altogether drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation 100mL, this composite fertilizer is by NO
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+composition, and weight ratio is 100:250:10:1:1.Then continue cultivated tomato, during large bud to appear, show that this seedling enters the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, when the first inflorescence sits fruit, show that tomato enters fruiting period.In whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is for illustration of the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In greenhouse by solar heat, the environmental condition of greenhouse by solar heat is: day temperature is 10 DEG C, and night temperatures is 5 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150 μm of olm
-2s
-1, the photoperiod: 7h/15h, humidity is 85%, being first stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) field planting in the soil of 6.5, making its density be 5 strains/m by cultivating in pH value in greenhouse by solar heat
2, when tomato 2 true leaves launch (entering second stage Seedling Stage), adopt 13mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution drip irrigation second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 7 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 100mL, drip irrigation stops drip irrigation Nafusaku solution 2 times afterwards, and wherein, also containing total concentration in this Nafusaku solution is 360mgL
-1composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+composition, and weight ratio is 105:255:10:1:1.Then continue cultivated tomato, after 7 days, drip irrigation total concentration is 370mgL
-1composite fertilizer's solution, altogether drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation 100mL, this composite fertilizer is by NO
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+composition, and weight ratio is 100:255:10:1:1.Low temperature treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, daytime is temperature is 7 DEG C, and night temperatures is 2 DEG C, then continues cultivated tomato, during large bud to appear, shows that this seedling enters the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, and when the first inflorescence sits fruit, shows that tomato enters fruiting period.In whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is for illustration of the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
In greenhouse by solar heat, the environmental condition of greenhouse by solar heat is: day temperature is 12 DEG C, and night temperatures is 8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 250 μm of olm
-2s
-1, the photoperiod: 9h/17h, humidity is 90%, being first stage Seedling Stage tomato (" UEFA Champions League " kind) field planting in the soil of 6.5, making its density be 4 strains/m by cultivating in pH value in greenhouse by solar heat
2, when tomato 2 true leaves launch (entering second stage Seedling Stage), adopt 14mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution drip irrigation second stage Seedling Stage tomato, every 6 days drip irrigations once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 120mL, drip irrigation stops drip irrigation Nafusaku solution 1 time afterwards, and wherein, also containing total concentration in this Nafusaku solution is 370mgL
-1composite fertilizer, this composite fertilizer is by NO
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+composition, and weight ratio is 110:260:12:2:1.Low temperature treatment Seedling Stage tomato 1 day, daytime is temperature is 6 DEG C, and night temperatures is 3 DEG C, then continues cultivated tomato, and after 7 days, drip irrigation total concentration is 360mgL
-1composite fertilizer's solution, altogether drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation 100mL, this composite fertilizer is by NO
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+composition, and weight ratio is 110:260:12:2:1.Then continue cultivated tomato, during large bud to appear, show that this seedling enters the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, when the first inflorescence sits fruit, show that tomato enters fruiting period.In whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is for illustration of the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, unlike, containing total concentration in Nafusaku solution is 350mg L
-1composite fertilizer, by NO in this composite fertilizer
3 -, K
+, Fe
3+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+composition, and weight ratio is 100:250:10:1:1, observes the growth conditions of tomato, and records the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1 in whole tomato cultivation process.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is for illustration of the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, unlike, the pH value of the soil of cultivation is 7, observes the growth conditions of tomato, and records the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1 in whole tomato cultivation process.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is for illustration of the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, unlike, by drip irrigation 100mL 350mgL after 7 days
-1composite fertilizer's solution replace with isopyknic clear water, in whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is for illustration of the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention.
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, unlike, after drip irrigation Nafusaku solution, do not carry out low temperature treatment, in whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, unlike, adopt and drip irrigation Nafusaku solution is replaced with foliar spray Nafusaku solution, in whole tomato cultivation process, observe the growth conditions of tomato, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, unlike, is replaced with first stage Seedling Stage tomato (rough leaf occur to 2-3 sheet true leaf launch during) opportunity of drip irrigation Nafusaku solution, the growth conditions of tomato is observed in whole tomato cultivation process, and record the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
According to the method cultivated tomato of embodiment 1, unlike, the drip irrigation of Nafusaku solution is replaced with: adopt 10mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution drip irrigation second stage Seedling Stage tomato, once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 130mL to every 9 days drip irrigations, and records the time span of tomato fruiting period, the results are shown in Table 1.
Test case
Measure the output of fruiting period and the abnormal rate of fruit of embodiment 1-7 and comparative example 1-3, the results are shown in following table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 1-7 is compared with comparative example 1-3 and can find out, the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention, can the time span of tomato fruiting period under significant prolongation low temperature and poor light, under can making low temperature and poor light, tomato fruiting period extends to 79-82 days.
Embodiment 1 is compared can be found out with embodiment 4, and NO is contained in composite fertilizer
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+, when weight ratio is 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1, the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.
Embodiment 1 is compared can find out with embodiment 5, when the pH value of cultivating soil is 6-6.5, the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.
Embodiment 1 is compared can be found out with embodiment 6, and after irrigating 1-3 time, continue cultivated tomato after 7-10 days, drip irrigation total concentration is 350-370mgL
-1composite fertilizer's solution, the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be extended further.
Embodiment 1 is compared can find out with embodiment 7, after drip irrigation Nafusaku solution, low temperature treatment is carried out to second stage Seedling Stage tomato, the condition of described low temperature treatment is: day temperature is 6-8 DEG C, night temperatures is 2-3 DEG C, time is when being 1-2 days, also can extend the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light further.
Therefore, the method for tomato cultivation of the present invention, can the time span of tomato fruiting period under significant prolongation low temperature and poor light, and the fruiting period of tomato under low temperature and poor light can be made to extend to 79-82 days.The delay of tomato fruiting period can make greenhouse by solar heat while winter supplies fresh tomato constantly, reduce the stubble number of plantation, thus has saved seed and manpower, reduces cost.In addition, method of the present invention is adopted can also to improve the output of tomato.
More than describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail; but the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment, within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in addition, each concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned embodiment, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention illustrates no longer separately to various possible combination.
In addition, also can be combined between various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a tomato cultivation, it is characterized in that, the method comprises: under cultivation condition, adopt drip irrigation to irrigate second stage Seedling Stage tomato, described cultivation condition comprises: day temperature is 10-12 DEG C, night temperatures is 5-8 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 150-250 μm of olm
-2s
-1, the photoperiod: 7-9h/15-17h, humidity is 80-90%, and the mode of described drip irrigation is: adopt 12-14mgL
-1concentration Nafusaku solution carries out drip irrigation, and once, relative to every strain second stage Seedling Stage tomato, each drip irrigation amount is 80-120mL to every 6-8 days drip irrigation, and described second stage Seedling Stage is that 2-3 sheet true leaf is expanded to and starts to occur large bud.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, also containing total concentration in described Nafusaku solution is 350-370mgL
-1composite fertilizer.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, NO is contained in described composite fertilizer
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+, weight ratio is 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, described cultivation condition also comprises: soil pH value is 6-6.5.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, described tomato variety is " UEFA Champions League ", " middle vegetables No. 4 " and " in assorted 201 ", is preferably " UEFA Champions League ".
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, the method also comprises: after irrigating 1-3 time, and continue cultivated tomato after 7-10 days, drip irrigation total concentration is 350-370mg L
-1composite fertilizer's solution.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein, NO is contained in described composite fertilizer
3 -, K
+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+and Zn
2+, weight ratio is 100-110:250-260:10-12:1-2:1.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the planting density of described second stage Seedling Stage tomato is 4-5 strain/m
2.
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