CN104755011B - 具有侧向照明的内窥镜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有侧向照明的内窥镜,该内窥镜具有带外管(4)的细长内窥镜轴(2),在该内窥镜轴(2)的远端区域内布置有入射透镜,该入射透镜的视向能够在至少一个枢转平面(12)中枢转,其中,所述内窥镜轴(2)容纳有多个照明光纤束(20、22),该照明光纤束终止于所述内窥镜轴(2)的远端(3)处的出射表面处,其中,至少一个第一照明光纤束(2)以0°视角对位于所述内窥镜轴(2)的远端(3)前方的区域进行照明,至少一个第二照明光纤束(22)以0°到90°之间的侧向视角或侧向视角范围对另一个区域进行照明。本发明还涉及内窥镜的应用及操作方法。根据本发明的内窥镜的特征在于,在远端(3)的区域内,在内窥镜轴(2)的周边中或周边上布置有一个或多个发光二极管(24、26),其中,所述一个发光二极管(24)或所述多个发光二极管(24、26)被布置在枢转平面(12)内和/或围绕该枢转平面(12)布置,从而以约90°的视角或视角范围进行照明。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有侧向照明的内窥镜,该内窥镜具有细长的内窥镜轴,该内窥镜轴具有外管,在该内窥镜轴的远端区域布置有入射透镜,该入射透镜具有可在至少一个枢转平面中枢转的视向,其中,该内窥镜轴容纳有多个照明光纤束,这些照明光纤束终止于内窥镜轴远端处的出射表面处,其中,至少一个第一照明光纤束对位于内窥镜轴远端前方的区域以0°视角进行照明,并且至少一个第二照明光纤束以0°到90°之间的侧向视角或侧向视角范围对另一区域进行照明。本发明还涉及一种内窥镜的应用和操作方法。
根据本发明,其涉及一种设定或能够设定侧向视野的光学内窥镜。这种内窥镜具有:带图像传感器的光学系统,该图像传感器布置在内窥镜轴内或者布置在内窥镜轴的远端处;或者棒形透镜继电器组,该透镜继电器组将在远端处捕获的光中继至内窥镜近端的目镜并且适用时中继至视频头。
背景技术
通常是通过枢转曲面保护玻璃后方的棱镜来改变视向,该曲面保护玻璃将内窥镜轴的远端密封。
在需要通过内窥镜轴来照明时,内窥镜轴除了具有光学系统之外,还具有用于照明的装置,即对内窥镜轴远端前方的区域进行照明的装置。由此在某些情况下将涉及到光纤束,该光纤束邻近光源(例如发光二极管(LED)或其他光源)接收光,并且将该光向远端引导至内窥镜远端且在该处发射光线以便照明术野。
内窥镜光学系统中的光纤具有非常大的放射角,但是这些光纤的光束方向应尽可能地全部朝向视野的中央。一旦纤维在光束方向上发生偏移,就会在视野中产生亮度差异方面的问题。为了在组装过程中进行密封和确保对准,通常将纤维粘附在远端区域内。
DE102004023024A1公开了一种具有上光纤束和侧部光纤束的相应内窥镜。这里涉及一种具有侧向视野的光学系统,其中设有非对称地布置在内窥镜轴内的中央窗口以便容纳接收到的光学系统,而且非对称的边缘区域由若干条光纤束所占据,这些光纤束中的两条侧向光纤束产生视角约为45°的侧向照明,而中央的上光纤束产生视角为0°的照明。
发明内容
然而,对于具有可枢转的光学系统且还具有例如达90°的侧向视向的内窥镜还没有令人满意的解决方案。因此,本发明的目的在于,即使在具有可调节视向的内窥镜中也能实现对术野的充分照明。
该目的通过一种具有侧向照明的内窥镜来实现,所述内窥镜具有带外管的细长内窥镜轴,在所述内窥镜轴的远端区域布置有入射透镜,所述入射透镜的视向能在至少一个枢转平面内枢转,其中,所述内窥镜轴容纳有多个照明光纤束,所述照明光纤束终止于所述内窥镜轴的远端处的出射表面处,其中,至少一个第一照明光纤束以0°视角对位于所述内窥镜轴的所述远端前方的区域进行照明,至少一个第二照明光纤束以0°到90°之间的侧向视角或侧向视角范围对另一个区域进行照明,进一步地研究之处在于,在所述远端的区域内在所述内窥镜轴的周边中或周边上布置有一个或多个发光二极管,其中,所述一个发光二极管或所述多个发光二极管被布置在所述枢转平面内和/或围绕所述枢转平面布置,从而以约90°的视角或视角范围进行照明。
通过使用LED,避免了照明光纤束仅能弯曲有限程度的限制因素。在内窥镜轴中可用的有限空间内,难以将照明光纤束弯曲90°而不破坏至少部分光纤束。相反地,在远端的区域中将LED布置在内窥镜轴的周边上,确保了成本有效、稳健和侧向区域的充分明亮的照明,通过现有的照明光纤束无法照明或无法充分照明侧向区域。
由第二照明光纤束照明的区域和由所述一个发光二极管或多个发光二极管照明的区域优选是重叠的。从而可实现对术野的持续照明。
对于所述一个发光二极管或多个发光二极管的布置来说,有利的是,将所述一个发光二极管或多个发光二极管嵌置在外管中或嵌置在置于内窥镜轴远端上的壳体中。在嵌置在周边中不论是在外管中还是在远端上的相应壳体中的情况下,所述LED不突出超过内窥镜轴的周边,从而不形成阻碍。这些LED能够例如通过透明的涂料涂层或者通过透明膜或透明管得以保护。
有利的是,围绕所述枢转平面对称布置多个发光二极管。因此有利的是,能够独立于一个或多个中央发光二极管来切换外侧光二极管。以此方式,能够选择在侧向方向上应被照明的区域的大小。因此,例如在枢转角度比较小以及相应的视角比较小(该比较小的视角仅仅进入由LED照亮的区域周围)的情况下,能够仅仅打开中央的发光二极管或相应的中央发光二极管,并且在进入由发光二极管照亮的区域时,也能够打开外侧的发光二极管以便完全照亮该区域。因此,在内窥镜顶端处产生的热量能够保持在较低水平。
优选地,所述一个发光二极管或所述多个发光二极管被设计为平面发光二极管,或者多个发光二极管以横跨表面的型式布置。其目的在于对手术区域均匀地进行照明。平面发光二极管为此形成非常均匀的光源,这在采用小发光二极管的情况下能够通过各发光二极管相应的分布来实现。特别合适地是采用可被制作成平面发光二极管的有机发光二极管(OLED)。
在一个或多个发光二极管设计成能够产生颜色不同或颜色可调的光时,可有利地进行针对不同组织类型或不同外科图片的检查。因此,颜色可以是光谱的可见范围内的颜色,或甚至可以是红外或紫外的,其中在此情况下,采用相应的图像敏感传感器或将其例如与荧光标记关联用于患者组织内。
优选包括控制装置,借助该控制装置能够根据设定的视角对所述照明光纤束以及对所述发光二极管的照明进行控制,以便对沿着所述设定的视角方向位于所述内窥镜轴的远端的前方的区域进行照明。以此方式,不再需要由操作者人工选择照明光源,即,所述第一照明光纤束、所述第二照明光纤束和一个或多个发光二极管,而是能够根据所设定的视角自动选择。
通过应用先前描述的根据本发明的内窥镜中的一个发光二极管或多个发光二极管进行侧向照明也实现了本发明的潜在目的。因此,能够以成本有效和高效的方式在光学系统的枢转方向上产生侧向照明。因为仅仅需要侧向使用LED,在直前方向上持续产生光,而且照明光纤束在侧向方向上的光不强,从而在极大程度上限制了由发光二极管产生的热量并且不会损坏待检查或待手术的人体组织或器官。
最后,通过用于操作先前描述的根据本发明内窥镜的方法也实现了本发明的潜在目的,其中在根据设定的视角来枢转视角的情况下,通过视向为0°的至少一个第一照明光纤束、通过具有0°到90°之间的侧向视角或侧向视角范围的至少一个第二照明光纤束和/或通过一个或多个发光二极管进行照明,所述一个或多个发光二极管在所述远端的区域内被布置在所述内窥镜轴的周边中或周边上,其中,所述一个发光二极管或所述多个发光二极管被布置在所述枢转平面内和/或围绕所述枢转平面布置,从而以约90°的视角或视角范围进行照明。
在本发明的各个主题,即内窥镜、其应用和使用方法中涉及的优点、性质和特征也分别适用于与本发明的相互关联的其他主题。
结合权利要求及附图,通过对根据本发明的实施方式的描述,本发明的其它特征将变得明显。根据本发明的实施方式可通过单个的特征或若干特征的组合实现。
附图说明
以下将参照附图,通过示例性实施方式,并在不限制本发明的主体思想的情况下来描述本发明,其中明确指出附图涉及未在文本中更详细说明的所有细节。附图中:
图1为沿着根据本发明的内窥镜的内窥镜轴剖切的示意性剖视图;以及
图2为根据本发明的内窥镜的内窥镜轴的远端区域的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
在附图中,用相同的附图标记表示相同的或类似的元件和/或部件,从而省去重复介绍。
图1以剖面图示意性示出了在远端3的区域中根据本发明的内窥镜的内窥镜轴2。在外管4内布置有纤维管6,该纤维管6的一侧具有用于光学组件的窗开口8,并且另一侧具有用于照明光纤束的上出口16和侧出口18。设置在窗开口8内的光学组件的直径小于内窥镜轴2的直径,且该光学组件被设定为偏离边缘,使得围绕窗开口8存在用于出口16、18的空间,以便对内窥镜远端前方的术野进行照明。
待插入到窗开口8内的光学组件可以是固定不动的侧向观察组件,或者是具有可枢转视向的组件,例如借助枢转棱镜装置实现枢转,其中枢转平面,即视向的枢转或相应地棱镜的枢转所在的平面用附图标记12表示。与相应枢转棱镜装置的旋转轴线平行的水平轴线14示出为垂直于该枢转平面,并横向于内窥镜轴2的纵向延伸方向。
在窗开口8下方,在外管4的区域内示出了多个发光二极管24、26,这些发光二极管被排列成对局部布置在内窥镜轴2的远端前方的下部区域进行照明。这些发光二极管是围绕枢转平面12对称布置的宽场发光二极管24和围绕第一发光二极管24的枢转平面12对称布置的两个侧向的发光二极管26。这些发光二极管可以是平面的发光二极管,或者是具有多个个体发光二极管而横跨相应表面的发光二极管区。
图2以侧视图的方式示出了根据图1的内窥镜轴2的远端3的区域,其中,此处还示出了在观察平面呈前后布置的照明光纤束20、22。因此,对准0°视向并放射开的第一照明光纤束20被布置在上部,对应于图1中的上出口16。侧部照明光纤束22布置在远端3的区域内,在本示例中其角度偏离0°视向约30°,并对更加横向于枢转方向的区域进行照明。在远端3处,内窥镜轴2由曲面保护玻璃10闭合。
在内窥镜轴2的下方区域,从侧面示出了发光二极管24和侧部发光二极管26。这些发光二极管具有比较宽的照明特性,并起到了对内窥镜远端3的前方和下方区域进行照明的作用,这通过来自第二照明光纤束22的光纤的光是无法实现的。此外示出了供电线路28,其在近端向发光二极管24、26供电。
通过由发光二极管24、26进一步进行照明,此时能够设定达90°的较大侧向视角,从而具有全照亮术野。借此选择发光二极管24、26的布置使得自由保持90°的光学视角。
所提到的所有特性独自及其组合被视为对于本发明是必不可少的,这包括仅从附图中得到的以及与其他特性组合公开的单独特性。根据本发明的实施方式能够由单独特征或者多个特征的组合来实现。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有侧向照明的内窥镜,所述内窥镜具有带外管(4)的细长内窥镜轴(2),在所述内窥镜轴(2)的远端区域布置有入射透镜,所述入射透镜的视向能在至少一个枢转平面(12)内枢转,其中,所述内窥镜轴(2)容纳有多个照明光纤束(20、22),所述照明光纤束(20、22)终止于所述内窥镜轴(2)的远端(3)处的出射表面处,其中,至少一个第一照明光纤束(20)以0°视角对位于所述内窥镜轴(2)的所述远端(3)前方的区域进行照明,至少一个第二照明光纤束(22)以0°到90°之间的侧向视角或侧向视角范围对另一个区域进行照明,其特征在于,在所述远端(3)的区域内在所述内窥镜轴(2)的周边中或周边上布置有一个或多个发光二极管(24、26),其中,所述一个发光二极管(24)或所述多个发光二极管(24、26)被布置在所述枢转平面(12)内和/或围绕所述枢转平面(12)布置,从而以约90°的视角或视角范围进行照明。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜,其特征在于,由所述第二照明光纤束(22)照明的区域以及由所述一个发光二极管(24)或所述多个发光二极管(24、26)照明的区域是重叠的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜,其特征在于,所述一个发光二极管(24)或所述多个发光二极管(24、26)嵌置在所述外管(4)中或嵌置在置于所述内窥镜轴(2)远端的壳体中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜,其特征在于,多个发光二极管(24、26)围绕所述枢转平面(12)对称布置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的内窥镜,其特征在于,外侧的发光二极管能独立于一个中央的发光二极管或独立于多个中央的发光二极管切换。
6.根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜,其特征在于,所述一个发光二极管(24)或所述多个发光二极管(24、26)被设计为平面发光二极管,或者多个发光二极管以横跨表面的型式布置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜,其特征在于,所述一个或多个发光二极管(24、26)被设计为产生颜色不同或颜色可调的光。
8.根据权利要求1所述的内窥镜,其特征在于,还包括控制装置,借助所述控制装置能够根据已设定的视角对所述照明光纤束(20、22)以及所述一个发光二极管(24)或所述多个发光二极管(26)的照明进行控制,从而照亮沿已设定的视角方向位于所述内窥镜轴(2)的所述远端(3)的前方的区域。
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DE201210219434 DE102012219434A1 (de) | 2012-10-24 | 2012-10-24 | Endoskop mit seitlicher Illumination, Verwendung und Verfahren |
DE102012219434.7 | 2012-10-24 | ||
PCT/EP2013/003004 WO2014063781A1 (de) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-07 | Endoskop mit seitlicher illumination, verwendung und verfahren |
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JP6469392B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-11 | 2019-02-13 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 内視鏡装置 |
WO2015166302A1 (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-05 | B-K Medical Aps | Ultrasound imaging probe |
DE102014113352A1 (de) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-03-17 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | Endoskop und Verfahren zur Montage einer Endoskopoptik eines Endoskops |
DE102016118102A1 (de) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-03-29 | Henke-Sass, Wolf Gmbh | Endoskop und Verfahren zum Fixieren eines Bündels von Lichtleitern in einem Schaft eines Endoskops |
CN110974137A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | 一种用于内窥镜的斜出射led匀光照明系统 |
CN111297309B (zh) * | 2020-03-07 | 2024-01-30 | 陕西艾诺美瑞申医疗科技有限公司 | 一种医学影像成像用电子内窥镜 |
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