CN104744791A - 一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种环保低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,包括以下重量份的组分:乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯10-30份、聚乙烯树脂5-20份、聚丙烯树脂5-20份;马来酸酐接枝茂金属聚乙烯树脂10-30份;无机阻燃剂30-80份;磷氮类阻燃剂5-20份、阻燃助剂5-10份;润滑剂0.5-4份;抗氧剂0.1-2份;制得的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料可满足环保、阻燃、通过烟气毒性ZA2级等各项要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种环保低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种能够通过GA132-1996烟气毒性标准ZA2级的专用阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法,属于电线电缆领域。
背景技术
近年来随着世界经济与科技的发展,目前我国电缆厂对低烟无卤阻燃电缆料的需求在数量上有较大增长,对其性能的要求在逐步提高。在新的经济形势与技术条件下,全球电线电缆行业发展呈现新的趋势,环保电缆逐步成为全球电缆的发展重点。同时由于线缆使用的环境多种多样,故有线缆提出了毒性的要求。在Mil-c-24643美国军用船用电缆标准中对电缆的绝缘、填充、护套有燃烧气体毒性指数的要求。为了减少线缆在使用过程中各种情况对环境人体的损害,线缆的毒性研究也是一个必然的发展方向。
针对这些实际使用需求,需要开发一种能够达到ZA2级,且性能稳定性,又不易燃烧,同时能够兼顾满足ROHS和REACH要求的新型电缆料。而现在市场上大多数材料只能满足其中一两项性能要求,无法同时兼顾多项。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法,降低电缆的烟气毒性,且保证该料的各项机械性能。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,包括以下重量份的组分:
优选的,所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)选自醋酸乙烯酯(VA)含量为24-30wt%的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯树脂。
优选的,所述聚乙烯树脂选自线性低密度的聚乙烯树脂。
所述线性低密度的聚乙烯树脂的密度为0.910-0.925g/cm3。
优选的,所述聚丙烯树脂选自熔融指数小于1.5g/10min的聚丙烯树脂。所述熔融指数为190℃负荷2.16kg下检测。
优选的,所述无机阻燃剂选自经硅烷包覆改性氢氧化铝和经硅烷包覆改性的氢氧化镁。
优选的,所述经硅烷包覆改性氢氧化铝和经硅烷包覆改性的氢氧化镁的细度均为3500目以上。
优选的,所述硅烷为乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷;所述的包覆改性可以为常温湿法表面改性。
优选的,所述阻燃助剂为硼酸锌。
优选的,所述的润滑剂选自硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸和聚乙烯蜡。
优选的,所述抗氧剂选自抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DLTP和双酚A。
本发明进一步提供所述的环保低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按配比称取各组分物料,然后将乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、马来酸酐接枝茂金属聚乙烯树脂以及部分抗氧剂、部分润滑剂、部分无机阻燃剂、全部磷氮类阻燃剂、部分阻燃助剂在高速捏合机中充分混合;
(2)挤出机挤出造粒:双螺杆挤出、单螺杆挤出冷切造粒;
(3)将上述造粒所得粒子与剩余的抗氧剂、润滑剂、无机阻燃剂和阻燃助剂在高速捏合机中充分混合;
(4)挤出机挤出造粒:双螺杆挤出、单螺杆挤出冷切造粒,然后干燥即得;
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述高速捏合机中混合的转速为500~1000rpm,混合的时间为2-5min。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述部分抗氧剂为全部抗氧剂组分物料的70wt%,所述部分润滑剂为全部润滑剂组分物料的70wt%,所述部分无机阻燃剂为全部无机阻燃剂组分物料的50wt%;所述部分阻燃助剂为全部阻燃助剂组分物料的70wt%。
优选的,步骤(3)中,所述高速捏合机中混合的转速为500~1000rpm,混合的时间为2-5min。
优选的,步骤(2)和步骤(4)中,所述的挤出机的温度设置为:单螺杆:机筒一区70~90℃,机筒二区90~110℃,机筒三区115~135℃,机头120~140℃;双螺杆:机筒一区100~140℃,机筒二区100~140℃,机筒三区100~140℃,机筒四区100~130℃,机筒五区100~130℃,机筒六区80~120℃,机筒七区80~120℃,机头和模具125~155℃。
优选的,步骤(4)中,所述干燥的温度为60-70℃,干燥1-3小时。
本发明在普通低烟无卤电缆料的基础上进行改进,可满足环保、阻燃、通过ZA2级烟气毒性等各项要求。市场前景广阔。符合ROHS和REACH要求,使用时对人和自然没有明显的伤害,运用市场增大,满足国内外客户需求。发生火灾时PVC塑料易燃同时放出有毒气体,而该发明的低烟无卤电缆料的阻燃性很好的减少了火灾的隐患以及烟气毒性。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的技术方案。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。而且,除非另有说明,各方法步骤的编号仅为鉴别各方法步骤的便利工具,而非为限制各方法步骤的排列次序或限定本发明可实施的范围,其相对关系的改变或调整,在无实质变更技术内容的情况下,当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
实施例1-3及对比例
1、试验材料:
原料的组成及配比见表1,其中:
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯树脂(简称EVA树脂,VA含量24-30wt%),购自杜邦;
线性低密度聚乙烯树脂(简称LLDPE)、PP树脂,购自北欧化工;
氢氧化镁,购自丹东鑫阳矿业有限公司;
氢氧化铝,购自山东淄博铝业有限公司;
硼酸锌,购自浙江旭森无卤消烟阻燃剂有限公司。
表1实施例1~3和对比例的电缆料配方表
硅烷:乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷
3、制备方法
(1)按配比称取各组分物料,然后将乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、马来酸酐接枝茂金属聚乙烯树脂以及70wt%抗氧剂、70wt%润滑剂、50wt%无机阻燃剂、100wt%磷氮类阻燃剂、70wt%阻燃助剂在高速捏合机中充分混合,转速500~1000rpm,混合2-5min时间;
(2)挤出机挤出造粒:双螺杆挤出、单螺杆挤出冷切造粒;
(3)将上述造粒所得粒子与剩余的抗氧剂、润滑剂、无机阻燃剂和阻燃助剂在高速捏合机中充分混合,转速为500~1000rpm,混合的时间为2-5min;
(4)挤出机挤出造粒:双螺杆挤出、单螺杆挤出冷切造粒,然后60-70℃条件下干燥1-3小时即得;
其中,步骤(2)和步骤(4)中,所述的挤出机的温度设置为:单螺杆:机筒一区70~90℃,机筒二区90~110℃,机筒三区115~135℃,机头120~140℃;双螺杆:机筒一区100~140℃,机筒二区100~140℃,机筒三区100~140℃,机筒四区100~130℃,机筒五区100~130℃,机筒六区80~120℃,机筒七区80~120℃,机头和模具125~155℃。
4.实验结果
对按实施例1~实施例4配比制得的电缆料进行性能测试,其结果如表2所示。
表2无卤电缆料的性能
由上述实例可看出,在增加阻燃助剂硼酸锌的量后,对产烟率与烟气毒性有明显改善。另外对阻燃剂进行硅烷包覆改性后,也使得烟气毒性降低,小鼠存活。由实施例1-3制得的电缆料不仅具有优异的阻燃性能,而且满足烟气毒性ZA2级。是一款安全环保的阻燃低烟无卤电缆料。
Claims (9)
1.一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,包括以下重量份的组分:
2.如权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯选自醋酸乙烯酯含量为24-30wt%的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯树脂;所述聚乙烯树脂选自线性低密度的聚乙烯树脂;
所述聚丙烯树脂选自熔融指数小于1.5g/10min的聚丙烯树脂。
3.如权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述无机阻燃剂选自经硅烷包覆改性氢氧化铝和经硅烷包覆改性的氢氧化镁;所述经硅烷包覆改性氢氧化铝和经硅烷包覆改性的氢氧化镁的细度均为3500目以上。
4.如权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,还满足以下条件之中的至少一项:
a)所述阻燃助剂为硼酸锌;
b)所述的润滑剂选自硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸和聚乙烯蜡;
c)所述抗氧剂选自抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DLTP和双酚A。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按配比称取各组分物料,然后将乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、马来酸酐接枝茂金属聚乙烯树脂以及部分抗氧剂、部分润滑剂、部分无机阻燃剂、全部磷氮类阻燃剂、部分阻燃助剂在高速捏合机中充分混合;
(2)挤出机挤出造粒:双螺杆挤出、单螺杆挤出冷切造粒;
(3)将上述造粒所得粒子与剩余的抗氧剂、润滑剂、无机阻燃剂和阻燃助剂在高速捏 合机中充分混合;
(4)挤出机挤出造粒:双螺杆挤出、单螺杆挤出冷切造粒,然后干燥即得。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述捏合机中混合的转速为500~1000rpm,混合的时间为2-5min;步骤(3)中,所述捏合机中混合的转速为500~1000rpm,混合的时间为2-5min。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述部分抗氧剂为全部抗氧剂组分物料的70wt%,所述部分润滑剂为全部润滑剂组分物料的70wt%,所述部分无机阻燃剂为全部无机阻燃剂组分物料的50wt%;所述部分阻燃助剂为全部阻燃助剂组分物料的70wt%。
8.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)和步骤(4)中,所述的挤出机的温度设置为:单螺杆:机筒一区70~90℃,机筒二区90~110℃,机筒三区115~135℃,机头120~140℃;双螺杆:机筒一区100~140℃,机筒二区100~140℃,机筒三区100~140℃,机筒四区100~130℃,机筒五区100~130℃,机筒六区80~120℃,机筒七区80~120℃,机头和模具125~155℃。
9.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述干燥的温度为60-70℃,干燥1-3小时。
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