CN1047378C - 一种棉铃虫性信息激素的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种棉铃虫性信息激素的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1047378C CN1047378C CN96106728A CN96106728A CN1047378C CN 1047378 C CN1047378 C CN 1047378C CN 96106728 A CN96106728 A CN 96106728A CN 96106728 A CN96106728 A CN 96106728A CN 1047378 C CN1047378 C CN 1047378C
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- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-SFHVURJKSA-N Ricinolsaeure-methylester Natural products CCCCCC[C@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCC(O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- LBIYNOAMNIKVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadec-9-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCO LBIYNOAMNIKVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 lithium aluminum tetrahydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 16
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- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
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Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
一种棉铃虫性信息激素的合成方法。属于昆虫性引诱剂的制造技术,其特征是:它以蓖麻油为起始原料,或者经使蓖酸甲酯分别经热裂解和碱催化裂解制得十一-10-烯酸和10-羟基癸酸,再以前者为原料用直接还原或氧化的方法合成(Z)-十六-11-烯醛,以后者为原料经五个步骤合成(Z)-十六-9-烯醛,所所得的两个产物混合即可得到棉铃虫性信息激素,它具有原料易得、操作条件温和以及工艺安全等优点。
Description
一种棉铃虫性信息激素的合成方法属于昆虫性信息激素合成技术领域。
本发明的目的在于提供一种以蓖麻油为起始原料、操作条件温和且各步收率较高的棉铃虫性信息激素的合成方法。
本发明的特征在于:它以蓖麻油为原料,分别用已知技术经或经蓖酸甲酯分别热裂解和碱催化裂解制得十一-10-烯酸和10-羟基癸酸,再以十一-10-烯酸为原料合成(Z)-十六-11-烯醛,以10-羟基癸酸为原料合成(Z)-十六-9-烯醛,然后再把它们混合而成,以下把-十六-11-烯醛和-十六-9-烯醛的合成步骤分述如下:(1)(Z)-十六-11-烯醛的合成步骤:①十一-10-烯酸在光照或过氧化物作用下与溴化氢反应,生成11-溴代十一酸: ②11-溴代十一酸与甲醇酯化生成11-溴代十一酸甲酯; ③11-溴代十一酸甲酯与三苯膦生成季磷盐后,与戊醛发生Wittig反应后,生成十六-11-烯酸甲酯,它是以(Z)-十六-11-烯酸为主但含有少量(E)-十六-11-烯酸的混合物:(主产物)(少量)④十六-11-烯酸甲酯用四氢化铝锂还原后,得到十六-11-烯醇,其(Z)-十六-11-烯醇和(E)-十六-11-烯醇的比率与十六-11-烯酸甲酯同;再以氧化铬-吡啶试剂对十六-11-烯醇氧化,即得十六-11-烯醛: 或者⑤十六-11-烯酸甲酯用硼烷硫醚络合物选择性还原便可直接生成十六-11-烯醛,由于所有反应都没有异构体转化,其(Z)/(E)式间的比率不变: (2)(Z)-十六-9-烯醛的合成步骤:①10-羟基癸酸与醋酸酐反应,得到10-乙酰氧基癸酸: ②10-乙酰氧基癸酸经Hunsdiecker-Kochi-Barton反应即与氧化银或氧化汞成盐后,在光照下与溴作用得到1-溴-9-乙酰氧基壬烷: ③1-溴-9-乙酰氧基壬烷与三苯膦生成季磷盐后,与庚醛发生Witting反应,生成1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇,这也是一种以(Z)-1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇为主的、含有少量(E)-1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇的混合物,用LiAlH4还原得到异构体组成不变的十六-9-烯醇: ④1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇用四氯化铝还原去乙氧基后,得到十六-9-烯醇,其中(Z)-式和(E)-式间的比率与1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇中的相同;⑤再以氧化铬-吡啶试剂使十六-9-烯醇氧化,得到另一个目标产物十六-9-烯醛,其(Z)-式和(E)-式间的比率与1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇中的相同: 其中所述的十六-11-烯醇、十六-11-烯醛以及1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇、十六-9-烯醇、十六-9-烯醛中各自(Z)-异构体的纯化和(E)-异构体的去除,都是借助于用铜盐成银盐处理过的硅胶或活性铝作填料的柱色谱分离,使(E)-式首先洗脱,得到完全纯粹的(Z)-式和少量含有(Z)-式的不纯(E)-式体,再在敏化剂苯乙酮存在的条件下,以紫外光照射不纯(E)-式体,使其转化成含有少量(E)-式体的(Z)-式体,然后,再把不纯的(Z)-式产物投入上述分离过程的工艺循环。
实验证明:用本发明提出的以蓖麻油为起始原料制得的(Z)-十六-11-烯醛和(Z)-十六-9-烯醛混合而成的棉铃虫性信息激素与雌棉铃虫蛾所分泌的两种天然有效成份结构完全相同。
实施例:1.利用公知技术略加改进从蓖麻油中制备十一-10-烯酸和10-羟基癸酸:
100克蓖麻油,加入20克甲醇和0.5克磷酸,加热回流4小时,用水洗去甘油和过量的甲醇,得到粗的蓖酸甲酯102克,作为进一步制备之用。
50克蓖麻油或者50克粗蓖酸甲酯加热至400℃热裂,首先在153℃蒸出得到庚醛,前者得到庚醛1.1克,后者得到庚醛5.1克。反应釜稍加冷却,减压至15毫米汞柱,于165℃蒸出十一-10-烯酸,前者得到1.8克,后者得到8.3克。精制后的庚醛为b.p.152.8℃的无色液体,D15 4 0.8216,n2B 1.4257。精制后的十一-10-烯酸m.p. 24.5℃,b.p. 137℃(2毫米汞柱),D24 4 0.9072,n25 D 1.4486。
20毫升40%的苛性钠浓溶液,加入20毫升2-辛醇,于搅拌下,加热至150℃,滴入50克篦麻油或50克蓖酸甲酯和20毫升2-辛醇的混合溶液。搅拌回流10小时,冷却,加水,盐酸酸化,固体用水洗涤后,加入石油醚,析出10-羟基癸酸,以苯重结晶,前者得到3克,后者得到12克。纯的10-羟基癸酸m.p.75.5~76.5℃。此外,前者2-辛醇若回收,可增加达2克,后者则增加8克。2.十六-11-烯醛的合成:可以直接还原也可以氧化合成,现分述如下:(1)直接还原合成:①由十一-10-烯酸制备11-溴代十一酸:
26.72克十一-10-烯酸和1.75克过氧化苯甲酰,共溶于正己烷中,通入HBr气体,反应半小时(或不用过氧化物而光照4小时),蒸除溶剂后,固体以丙酮重结晶,得30克白色晶体,熔点52~52.5℃,收率78%。IR(cm-1,净)3200(OH),3010(C=C-H),1680(C=O),690(C=C)。元素分析:理论值C 49.64%,H 7.90%;实验值C 49.78%,H 7.77%。②由11-溴代十一酸制备11-溴代十一酸甲酯:
在26.6克十一-溴代十一酸中,加入甲醇50毫升,硫酸0.5毫升和氯仿10毫升,在水分离器下回流反应,反应完成后,中和,水洗,减压蒸馏。沸点158~159℃/6毫米汞柱。收集的无色液体为26.5克,收率95%。元素分析:理论值C 51.45%,H 8.22%;实验值C 51.50%,H 8.31%。IR(cm-1,净)1730(C=O),1230,1045。③由11-溴代十一酸甲酯制备十六-11-烯酸甲酯:
2.8克11-溴代十一酸甲酯与2.62克三苯膦在甲苯中回流过夜,蒸除甲苯后的固体溶于20毫升DMF中,于0.1克二环己基-[18]-冠醚和1克K2CO3存在下,滴入0.9克戊醛,反应3小时过滤,蒸除溶剂,通过硅胶柱处理,得到油状液体2.30克。其(Z)/(E)为93∶7。收率为86%。元素分析:理论值C 76.12%,H 11.94%;实验值C 76.27%,H 12.01%。④由11-溴代十一酸甲酯直接还原合成十六-11-烯醛:
2.7克11-溴代十一酸甲酯溶于10毫升THF中,于室温搅拌下,再加入10毫升2,3-二甲-2-丁基氯化硼烷二硫醚(试剂按Brown等方法自行制备,见Fieser&Fieser,2卷485页)于THF溶液中,反应半小时。加水,酸化,乙醚萃取,萃取液干燥、蒸发。柱色谱上分离纯化。油状产物为2.15克,收率90%。元素分析:理论值C 48.42%,H 8.40%;实验值C 48.29%,H 8.31%。IR(cm-1,净)3010(=C-H),2710(HC=O),1730(HC=O),730(C=C);′H-NMR(δppm)0.9(3H,t,CH3),0.3(18H,br.-(CH2)n-),2.0(4H,m,CH2C=CCH2),2.3(2H,m,-CH2CHO),5.35(2H,t,CH=CH),8.9(1H,br.CHO);MS(M/Z,O/O)238(2.21),220(4.8),55(71.57),41(100);(2)氧化合成:①由十一-10-烯酸制备十六-11-烯酸甲酯,步骤同上;②由十六-11-烯酸甲酯制备十六-11-烯醇:
2.7克十六-11-烯酸甲酯溶于20毫升无水乙醚中,在搅拌下逐步滴加0.7克LiAlH4溶于100毫升乙醚中的溶液,微沸回流4小时,冰水分解,用50%硫酸溶解沉淀的氧化铝,醚层水洗,MgSO4干燥,得到淡黄色液体,柱色谱精制,得到2.1克产物,产率88%。元素分析:理论值C 80.00%,H 13.33%;实验值C 79.91%,H 13.16%;③由十六-11-烯醇制得十六-11-烯醛:
7.8克吡啶,溶于100毫升CH2Cl2中,加入4.8克CrO3,在冰水下搅拌15分钟,在其中滴加含有1.2克十六-11-烯醇的CH2Cl2的溶液,搅拌反应半小时,倾泻出上层液,以CH2Cl2洗涤棕黑色固体,有机层以稀盐酸、NaHCO3液和水洗,MgSO4干燥,蒸除溶剂,柱色谱精制,得到1.17克产物,产率90%。元素分析:理论值C 80.67%,H 12.61%;实验值C 80.75%,H 12.55%。其IR、NMR和MS与直接还原合成实施例中所得到者一致。3.十六-9-烯醛的合成:(1)由10-羟基癸酸制备10-乙酰氧基癸酸:
1.9克10-羟基癸酸,吡啶1.6克,加入1.5克醋酸酐,在10毫升乙醚中反应,蒸除乙醚,加水分解,以盐酸、碳酸氢钠溶液洗,酒精重结晶,得到产物2.03克,收率95%。m.p.34~35℃,b.p.175~176℃/3毫米汞柱。IR(cm-1,净)1740,1710(C=O),1240,1075(CH3COO);′H-NMR(δppm)0.89(16H,Br,-(CH2)8-),2.04(3H,s,COCH3),2.34(2H,t,-CH2COO),4.05(2H,-OCH2-),11.6(1H,s,-COOH);(2)由10-乙酰氧基癸酸制备9-溴壬醇的乙酸酯:
2.14克10-乙酰氧基癸酸溶于40毫升CH2Cl2中,加入1.4克无水硫酸镁,3.02克氧化汞,搅拌回流,光照下,滴加0.7毫升溴在20毫升CH2Cl2中的溶液,回流2小时至无色,冷却过滤,有机层用NaHCO3液和水洗,MgSO4干燥,蒸除溶剂,柱色谱精制后的油状产物为2.18克,产率82%。IR(cm-1,净)1740(CO),1240,1035(CH3COO);′H-NMR(δppm)1.32(14H,Br,-(CH2)7-),2.04(3H,s,COCH3),3.33(2H,-CH2-Br),4.05(2H,t,-CH2O-),MS(M/Z%)264(0.5);(3)由9-溴壬醇的乙酸酯制备十六-9-烯醇的乙酸酯:
2.66克9-溴壬醇的乙酸酯即乙酸-9-壬醇酯,2.62克三苯磷和1.0克庚醛,按上述由11-溴代十一酸甲酯制备十六-11-烯酸甲酸的手续操作,硅胶精制得到2.45克油状液体,收率87%。其(Z)/(E)-式体为91∶9。元素分析:理论值C 76.60%,H 12.06%;实验值C 76.48%,H 11.99%。(4)由十六-9-壬醇酯制备十六-9-烯醇:
2克十六-9-烯醇的乙酸酯的50毫升乙醚溶液,滴入含有0.5克四氢化铝锂的50毫升的冰冷却下的乙醚溶液中微沸回流4小时,冷水分解后,以稀硫酸溶解氧化铝,醚层水洗干燥后,蒸除醚得油状物1.5克,收率88%。元素分析:理论值C 80.00%,H 13.33%;实验值C 80.15%,H 13.16%;IR(cm-1,净)3320(OH),3000(C=CH)710(C=C);′H-NMR(δppm)5.16~5.35(2H,m,-CH=CH),3.35~3.66(2H,m,OCH2-),2.85(1H,s,OH),1.7~2.15(4H,m,CH2c=CCH2),1.2~1.3(24H,m,-(CH2)n-),0.9(3H,t,-CH3);(5)由十六-9-烯醇制得十六-9-烯醛:
1.56克吡啶,9.6克氧化铬和2.4克十六-9-烯醇,与由十六-11-烯醇制得十六-11-烯醛时一样操作,柱色谱精制后得到2.15克产物,收率90%。其中,IR(cm-1,净)3000(C=CH),2700,(H-CO),1680(C=O);′H-NMR(δppm)9.55(1H,s,CHO),5.2~5.3(2H,m,CH=CH),1.6~2.5(6H,m,CH2C=CCH2,-CH2CO),1.2~1.3(24H,m,-(CH2)n-),0.9(3H,t,-CH3)。
4.把上述十六-11-烯醛和十六-9-烯醛相混合即可得棉铃虫性信息激素。
另外,在(Z)-异构体的纯化和(E)-异构体的去除时,由于反应中没有异构化的发生,这个纯化和去除过程,在制备十六-11-烯酸甲酯、十六-11-烯醇、十六-11-烯醛或十六-9-烯醇、十六-9-烯醛时进行,我们都可得到纯粹的(Z)-式目标产物。柱色谱的填料是用铜盐或银盐处理过的硅胶或活性铝,以氯仿/石油醚洗脱,(E)-式体首先从柱中分离,(Z)-式以完全纯净的物质制得,而(E)-式体含有少量的(Z)-式。不纯的(E)-式体则投入下一个循环转化过程中。
(Z)-十六-9-烯醇的纯化:100克80~100目的硅胶,以200毫升2%的CuSO4溶液处理,抽滤。在110℃干燥活化。以如上固定相填充的1米柱中,将1克十六-9-烯醇于石油醚中进样(Z/E≈91/9),以氯仿/石油醚(1∶3)洗脱,以气相色谱检测。(E)-式体首先洗脱,最后得到0.8克(Z)-十六-9-烯醇。不纯的(E)-式体回收0.10克,其中,含80%的(E)-式体和20%的(Z)-式体。其它(Z)-式体的纯化类似。
(E)-异构体向(Z)-异构体转化时,上述不纯的(E)-异构体可在紫外光和敏化剂,如苯乙酮存在下,以80~100%的转化率,转化成相应的(Z)-式体,再投入以上分离的循环。
(E)-十六-9-烯醇的异构化:0.1克不纯的(E)-十六-9-烯醇(其中含(Z)-式体20%),溶于5毫升石油醚中,加入0.01克苯乙酮,以紫外光照射半小时后,蒸去溶剂,得到0.1克(Z)-十六-9-烯醇(气相色谱分析,其中(E)-式体为0~5%)。若有必要,可投入以上分离的循环。
其它(E)-式体的转化类似。
以上测试证明:用本发明提出的方法制成的棉铃虫性信息激素显示了强力的对棉铃虫雄蛾的性引诱作用。
Claims (2)
1.一种棉铃虫性信息激素的合成方法,它是由(Z)-十六-11-烯醛和(Z)-十六-9-烯醛混合构成,其特征在于:它以蓖麻油为起始原料,或经蓖酸甲酯分别热裂解和碱催化裂解制得十一-10-烯酸和10-羟基癸酸,再以十一-10-烯酸为原料合成(Z)-十六-11-稀醛,以10-羟基癸酸为原料合成(Z)-十六-9-烯醛,然后再把它们混合而成,以下把(Z)-十六-11-烯醛和(Z)-十六-9-烯醛的合成步骤分述如下:(1)(Z)-十六-11-烯醛的合成步骤:(①十一-10-烯酸在光照或过氧化物作用下与溴化氢反应,生成11-溴代十一酸;②11-溴代十一酸与甲醇酯化生成11-溴代十一酸甲酯;③11-溴代十一酸甲酯与三苯膦生成季磷盐后,与戊醛发生Wittig反应后,生成十六-11-烯酸甲酯,它是以(Z)-十六-11-烯酸为主但含有少量(E)-十六-11-烯酸的混合物;④十六-11-烯酸甲酯用四氢化铝锂还原后,得到十六-11-烯醇,其(Z)-十六-11-烯醇和(E)-十六-11-烯醇的比率与十六-11-烯酸甲酯同;再以氧化铬-吡啶试剂对十六-11-烯醇氧化,即得十六-11-烯醛;或者⑤十六-11-烯酸甲酯用硼烷硫醚络合物选择性还原便可直接生成十六-11-烯醛,由于所有反应都没有异构体转化,其(Z)/(E)式间的比率不变;(2)(Z)-十六-9-烯醛的合成步骤:①10-羟基癸酸与醋酸酐反应,得到10-乙酰氧基癸酸;②10乙酰氧基癸酸经Hunsdiecker-Kochi-Barton反应即与氧化银或氧化汞成盐后,在光照下与溴作用得到1-溴-9-乙酰氧基壬烷;③1-溴-9-乙酰氧基壬烷与三苯膦生成季磷盐后,与庚醛发生Wittig反应,生成1-乙酰氧基-十六9-烯醇,这也是一种以(Z)-1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇为主的、含有少量(E)-1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇的混合物,用LiAlH4还原得到异构体组成不变的十六-9-烯醇:④1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇用四氯化铝还原去乙氧基后,得到十六-9-烯醇,其中(Z)-式和(E)-式间的比率与1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇中的相同;⑤再以氧化铬-吡啶试剂使十六-9-烯醇氧化,得到另一个目标产物十六-9-烯醛,其(Z)-式和(E)-式间的比率与1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇中的相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种棉铃虫性信息激素的合成方法,其特征在于:其中所述的十六-11-烯醇、十六-11-烯醛以及1-乙酰氧基-十六-9-烯醇、十六-9-烯醇、十六-9-烯醛中各自(Z)-异构体的纯化和(E)-异构体的去除,都是借助于用铜盐成银盐处理过的硅胶或活性铝作填料的柱色谱分离,使(E)-式首先洗脱,得到完全纯粹的(Z)-式和少量含有(Z)-式的不纯(E)-式体,再在敏化剂苯乙酮存在的条件下,以紫外光照射不纯(E)-式体,使其转化成含有少量(E)-式体的(Z)-式体,然后,再把不纯的(Z)-式产物投入上述分离过程的方法循环。
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JPS5951232A (ja) * | 1982-09-14 | 1984-03-24 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 高級脂肪族アルデヒド化合物の安定化方法 |
WO1987006462A1 (en) * | 1986-05-01 | 1987-11-05 | Washington University | Open ''d'' ring hormone analogs |
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JPS52153906A (en) * | 1976-06-11 | 1977-12-21 | Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 1-hexadecyne-6-one and its preparation |
JPS5951232A (ja) * | 1982-09-14 | 1984-03-24 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 高級脂肪族アルデヒド化合物の安定化方法 |
WO1987006462A1 (en) * | 1986-05-01 | 1987-11-05 | Washington University | Open ''d'' ring hormone analogs |
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