CN104729916A - Particle substance strain testing device and method based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method - Google Patents
Particle substance strain testing device and method based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104729916A CN104729916A CN201510061757.6A CN201510061757A CN104729916A CN 104729916 A CN104729916 A CN 104729916A CN 201510061757 A CN201510061757 A CN 201510061757A CN 104729916 A CN104729916 A CN 104729916A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a particle substance strain testing device and method based on a three-dimensional digital image correlation method. The particle substance strain testing device comprises a loading device, a testing device, a pair of driving devices symmetric from left to right and a pair of collection devices symmetric from left to right, wherein the loading device is used for carrying out a single-axis compression test on particle samples in the testing device through a force application block; the testing device is a clamping box with a variable volume, and a side plate of the clamping box can be opened after loading; the particle samples are arrayed in the clamping box in sequence; the collection devices are used for collecting images of the particle samples in the testing device; and the driving devices are used for driving the collection devices to move. By virtue of the particle substance strain testing device, the problems of limitation of test sample materials and narrow measurement scales are solved; the particle substance strain testing device has the advantages of simple light path, relatively low requirements on environments, non-contact measurement, whole-field measurement and the like, so that an operation process of an operator is greatly simplified; and meanwhile, the measurement speed and precision of the shape change of particle substances are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of image measuring method being applied to computer vision technique, belong to particulate matter experiment detection technique field, in particular, relate to a kind of particulate matter strain detection testing device based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method and method.
Background technology
Particulate matter is that a large amount of discrete particle interacts and the complex system of formation, extensively be present in nature, produce closely related with mankind's daily life, such as occurring in nature sandstone, soil etc., grain in daily life, sugar, salt etc., coal ore, chemical products etc. in commercial production, can say particulate matter be the earth exists at most, one of the most inseparable with mankind material type.The engineer applied such as soil mechanics, chemical engineering subject has carried out scrutiny to its macroscopic property, but is just obtain gradually over the past two decades paying attention to the research of its physical mechanism.In granular solids, the research means of the power regularity of distribution mainly comprises experiment detection and numerical simulation, but for the particulate matter system of complexity, study the mechanical property knowing granule interior, especially relative position between the Strain Distribution of aspect and particle is carefully seen, be only far from being enough by numerical simulation, reliable experimental data also will be had to do basis.The measuring method of existing particle contacts power is roughly divided into two classes:
1. contact measurement method, comprise high-precision electronic sensing weighing method, develop the color sensitive creasing method etc., they can detect the contact force distribution situation in granular system on a certain cross section, but inevitably interference is brought to granular system, because inter-particulate forces chain is very responsive to the reacting condition of local power, the slight change that detection causes is enough to make riding chain structure, and great changes will take place.Such as the general resistance strain gage contact measurement method used, by the restriction of its measurement means, can not full field data be obtained, and measurement range is limited, object deformation rule on the whole can not be obtained.
2. non-contact detection method, comprises interfere measurement technique (such as holograph interferometric method, speckle thousand relates to method) and non-interfering technology (such as gridding method and Digital-image correlation method method).Because interfere measurement technique requires coherent source, light path is complicated, and measurement result is subject to the impact of external shock, and how carrying out in the laboratory with vibration isolation table, range of application is greatly limited.But not interfere measurement technique decides surface deformation amount by the gray-scale intensity of body surface before and after contrast distortion, requires lower to light source and measurement environment.
The basic theory aspect of domestic many scholars to three-dimensional digital image correlation method (2D-DIC) there has been darker research, and it is a kind of non-interfering based on computer vision and image recognition principle, noncontact, whole audience observation technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of multiple degrees of freedom automatic response proving installation based on the particulate matter Failure under Uniaxial Compression of three-dimensional digital image correlation method (2D-DIC) is provided.More existing technology not only increases the automaticity of detection, and make testing process more controlled, result is more accurate; Too increase degree of freedom simultaneously, can multi-angled shooting be realized.This proving installation, by preserving the speckle image of the specimen surface under original state as with reference to image, then records the speckle image after loading as target image.Because in image, each pixel have recorded the half-tone information of corresponding object point, by can to calculate based on the Gray-scale Matching algorithm in region in selected area-of-interest displacement a little and strain, and then realize measurement of full field.Compare these experiment detection methods above-mentioned, this proving installation not only overcomes the restriction of particle sample material and the narrow problem of measurement scale, and it is simple to have light path,, the advantage such as noncontact and measurement of full field lower to environmental requirement, which greatly simplifies the operating process of operator, improve measuring speed and the precision of particulate matter deformation simultaneously.Due to particle coordination number to granular system strain and geometry properties influence very large, be the important parameter that particulate matter experiment detects always, can the clamping box of electrodeless adjustment so devise a kind of volume, be used for fixing the particulate samples of arranging with any coordination number.Meanwhile, camera movement in the horizontal plane is directly regulated by two actuators, the error brought when avoiding hand adjustment.Camera have employed the mounting means of spherical hinge, makes camera can multi-angled shooting, improves operator's controllability.Tested by the particulate samples designing different arrangement, to study the impact of particle coordination number on granular system strain and geometry characteristic.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
Based on the particulate matter strain detection testing device of three-dimensional digital image correlation method, comprise charger, proving installation, drive unit and harvester, described charger carries out uniaxial compression test by afterburning block to the particulate samples be arranged in proving installation, described proving installation is variable volume, loads the openable clamping box of back side panel, and particulate samples is arranged in clamping box successively; Described harvester is for carrying out the image acquisition of proving installation endoparticle sample, and described drive unit drives described harvester to move;
Described clamping box comprises mainboard, left plate, right plate, left hinge and right hinge, described mainboard bottom surface and front have threaded hole, bottom surface and the front of left plate and right plate have groove, the groove one_to_one corresponding of the threaded hole of described mainboard and left plate and right plate and being bolted, and realize the electrodeless adjustment of clamping box volume; Described left hinge and right hinge are separately fixed on left plate and right plate; Particulate samples is come out be convenient to harvester to carry out image acquisition by rotating left hinge and right hinge;
Described drive unit comprises from the X of translator to actuator, Y-direction actuator, worktable, actuator web joint and spiral lift device from translator, Y-direction actuator is fixing on the table, X to be connected by actuator web joint and in crossing distribution, described spiral lift device is fixed on the slide block of Y-direction actuator to actuator and Y-direction actuator;
Described harvester comprises CCD camera, imaging lens, light source and computing machine, and described CCD camera is fixed on the top of spiral lift device by spherical hinge, described imaging lens is arranged on CCD camera, and is connected with computing machine by data line; Described light source is fixing on the table by bearing;
Described harvester and drive unit are respectively equipped with symmetrical a pair, be respectively left harvester, right harvester, left drive unit and right drive unit, described left harvester is arranged on left drive unit, and described right harvester drives on right drive unit.
Further, described mainboard bottom surface and front have the threaded hole of M8, and described left plate and right plate bottom surface have the groove of diameter D=9.
Further, the electrodeless regulative mode of volume of described clamping box is by tools for bolts ' pretension, realizes the fixing of left plate and right plate; Bolt is unscrewed, realizes the step-less adjustment of left plate and right plate.
Further, described bolt jacking gear is bolted on the slide block of Y-direction actuator, and described bolt jacking gear comprises screw sheel and stud, and CCD camera is fixed on stud by spherical hinge.
Based on the particulate matter strain testing method of three-dimensional digital image correlation method, comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of particulate samples and clamping; Particulate samples is prepared from by black rubber material, and does cleaning, then sprays dumb light white paint, controls the size formation uniform outer surface speckle pattern that sprays paint; Successively particulate samples is arranged in clamping box with 6 and 4 two kinds of coordination progression again, because clamping box can electrodelessly regulate, rotate left hinge and right hinge after loading particulate samples to be come out be convenient to two camera shooting, collectings, thus particulate samples can obtain above-mentioned other coordination number do not listed with arbitrary arrangement mode.
(2) by regulating left drive unit and right drive unit to regulate two CCD camera positions in the horizontal plane, left and right, tangent screw jacking gear and spherical hinge simultaneously, to reach working position required for operator and angle, collect the digital picture on proving installation surface before and after distortion.
(3) open image capturing system, and light source is adjusted to suitable angular intensity, image acquisition parameter is set, storing path, prepare to start compression test and image acquisition.
(4) inspection apparatus and system again, guarantee that each side normally works, open charger, carry out the uniaxial compression test of particulate samples, carry out the image acquisition of ccd video camera, in the file set up in computing machine before the sample image of collection can be stored automatically in simultaneously.
(5) finally by the image that loading by means of digital image correlation method Treatment Analysis collects, the displacement field of particulate samples in Failure under Uniaxial Compression and strain field is obtained.
X of the present invention all adopts motor to drive to actuator and Y-direction actuator, improves the degree of accuracy of automaticity and operation.
Particulate matter strain testing method based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method of the present invention, adopt the digital speckle image of particulate samples before and after the distortion of CCD camera acquisition, because the gray-scale value of speckle image every bit is different, intensity profile in a zonule near every bit and other point are also not quite similar, and this zonule is called subarea.And then a certain region in the digital gray scale field before distortion is defined as sample subarea, region corresponding with it after distortion is called target subarea, the corresponding relation in target subarea and sample sub-range just can be identified through related software disposal system, and both difference deducibilitys go out the deformation information of sample, thus to calculate in selected subarea displacement a little and strain.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: wait effect excellent in test based on loading by means of digital image correlation method in stretching, in conjunction with the deficiency of particulate matter experiment detection technique, for the deformation detection of particulate matter in Failure under Uniaxial Compression, has invented this strain detection testing device.Due to particle coordination number to granular system strain and geometry properties influence very large, be the important parameter that particulate matter experiment detects always, can the clamping box of electrodeless adjustment so devise a kind of volume, be used for fixing the particulate samples of arranging with any coordination number.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: adopt this device to utilize three-dimensional digital image correlation technique to measure the distortion in particulate matter Failure under Uniaxial Compression, not only overcome the restriction of sample material and the narrow problem of measurement scale, and it is simple to have light path,, the advantage such as noncontact and measurement of full field lower to environmental requirement, which greatly simplifies the operating process of operator, improve measuring speed and the precision of particulate matter deformation simultaneously.Meanwhile, devise the clamping box of the electrodeless adjustment of a kind of volume, be used for holding particulate samples, by the movement of Electric Machine Control actuator to regulate the position of camera, camera and platform adopt spherical hinge to be connected, and substantially increase automaticity and accuracy, add adjustable degree of freedom simultaneously.Tested by the particulate samples designing different arrangement, to study the impact of particle coordination number on granular system strain and geometry characteristic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 to be particle coordination number be 6 sample arrangement schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 to be particle coordination number be 4 sample arrangement schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the multiple degrees of freedom drive unit schematic diagram of Electric Machine Control;
Fig. 5 is spiral lift device structural representation;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of clamping box.
In figure, symbol description is as follows: 1-charger; 2-clamping box; 3-particulate samples; The afterburning block of 4-; The left drive unit of 5-; The left ccd video camera of 6-; 7-left-hand screw jacking gear; The right drive unit of 8-; The right ccd video camera of 9-; 10-right-hand screw jacking gear; 11-computing machine; 12-light source; 13-worktable; 14-X is to actuator; 15-actuator web joint; 16-Y is to actuator; 17-slide block; 18-screw sheel; 19-stud; 20-spherical hinge; 21-mainboard, 22-left plate, the left hinge of 23-, the right hinge of 24-, 25-right plate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
A kind of strain measurement method of the particulate matter Failure under Uniaxial Compression based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method, be characterized in utilizing loading by means of digital image correlation method to carry out distortion measurement to particulate matter, and then calculate displacement field and the strain field of sample surfaces under different coordination number.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, strain gauge means comprises charger 1, proving installation, left drive unit 5, right drive unit 8 and harvester, harvester comprises left ccd video camera 6, right ccd video camera 9, imaging lens, light source 12 and computing machine 11.Charger 1 carries out uniaxial compression test by the particulate samples 3 in afterburning block 4 pairs of proving installations, and particulate samples 3 is arranged in successively as in the variable clamping box 2 of the solvent of proving installation.
Left drive unit 5 comprises from the X of translator to actuator 14, Y-direction actuator 16, actuator web joint 15, worktable 13 and left-hand screw jacking gear 7 from translator; Y-direction actuator 16 is connected by screw and is fixed on worktable 13, and X is connected by actuator web joint 15 to actuator 14 with Y-direction actuator 16, and arranges in cruciform; X all adopts motor to drive to actuator 14 and Y-direction actuator 16, improve the degree of accuracy of automaticity and operation, left-hand screw jacking gear 7 is bolted on the slide block 17 of Y-direction actuator 14, be made up of screw sheel 18 and stud 19, the hoistable platform at stud 19 top is equipped with spherical hinge 20, and connects left harvester by spherical hinge 20.In order to obtain accurate correlation analysis result, being adjusted to picture minute surface by fine setting stud 19, making it be parallel to particulate samples surface, also can reach required for operator by spherical hinge 20 arbitrarily angled.
Right drive unit 8 is identical with the structure of left drive unit 5, and connects right ccd video camera 9 by right-hand screw jacking gear 10.
Harvester comprises left ccd video camera 6, right ccd video camera 9, imaging lens, light source 12 and computing machine 11.Described left ccd video camera 6 is fixed on spherical hinge 20, and be fixed on stud 19, described imaging lens is arranged on left ccd video camera 6, and be connected with computing machine 11 by data line, described light source 12 is fixed on worktable 13 by bearing, and light source 12 is for providing better illumination condition for video camera shooting image.
Proving installation is the clamping box 4 of variable volume, clamping box 2 is made up of mainboard 21, left plate 22, right plate 25, left hinge 23 and right hinge 24 5 part, described mainboard 21 bottom surface and front each side have the threaded hole of M8, described left plate 22 and right plate 25 bottom surface and front all have the groove of diameter D=9, the threaded hole of described mainboard 21 and the groove of left plate 22 and right plate 25 are bolted, and realize the electrodeless adjustment of volume.Tools for bolts ' pretension, realizes the fixing of left side plate; Bolt unscrews, realize the electrodeless adjustment of left side plate, described left hinge 23 and right hinge 24 are fixed on left plate 22 and right plate 25 respectively by screw, thus particulate samples is come out be convenient to two CCD camera shooting, collectings by changing volume and rotate hinge after loading, design the particulate samples experiment of different arrangement.
The described method of inspection comprises the steps:
(1) based on the strain testing method of the particulate matter Failure under Uniaxial Compression of three-dimensional digital image correlation method, be first the preparation of particulate samples speckle pattern.Particulate samples 3 is prepared from by a kind of black rubber material, and does cleaning, then sprays dumb light white paint, controls the size formation uniform outer surface speckle pattern that sprays paint.Successively be arranged in the clamping box 2 of the electrodeless adjustment of volume by particulate samples 2 with 6 coordination progression 21 and 4 coordination progression 22 again, particle arrangement mode is shown in accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3.Because clamping box 2 can electrodelessly regulate, thus particulate samples 3 can obtain above-mentioned other coordination number do not listed with arbitrary arrangement mode.
(2) operating distance of rational particulate samples 3 and left ccd video camera 6 and right ccd video camera 9 is determined by the adjustment of left drive unit 5 and right drive unit 8, finely tune left-hand screw jacking gear 7 simultaneously, left spherical hinge, right-hand screw jacking gear 10, right spherical hinge is to ensure that two the CCD cameras in left and right reach optional position needed for operator and angle.
(3) open image capturing system, and light source 12 is adjusted to suitable angular intensity, image acquisition parameter is set, storing path, prepare to start compression test and image acquisition.
(4) inspection apparatus and system again, guarantee that each side normally works, open loading system 1, carry out uniaxial compression test by afterburning block 4 pairs of particulate samples 3, carry out the image acquisition of ccd video camera 7, in the file set up before the sample image of collection can be stored automatically in simultaneously.
(5) finally by the image that three-dimensional digital image correlation method Treatment Analysis collects, the displacement field of particulate matter in Failure under Uniaxial Compression and strain field is obtained.
Gray-scale value based on speckle image every bit is different, and the intensity profile in a zonule near every bit is also not quite similar in other point, and this zonule is called subarea.And then a certain region in the digital gray scale field before distortion is defined as sample subarea, region corresponding with it after distortion is called target subarea, the corresponding relation in target subarea and sample sub-range just can be identified through related software disposal system, and both difference deducibilitys go out the deformation information of sample, thus to calculate in selected subarea displacement a little and strain.
Above-described embodiment is preferred embodiment of the present invention; it is not the restriction to technical solution of the present invention; as long as without the technical scheme that creative work can realize on the basis of above-described embodiment, all should be considered as falling within the scope of the rights protection of patent of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. based on the particulate matter strain detection testing device of three-dimensional digital image correlation method, it is characterized in that: comprise charger, proving installation, drive unit and harvester, described charger carries out uniaxial compression test by afterburning block to the particulate samples be arranged in proving installation, described proving installation is variable volume, loads the openable clamping box of back side panel, and particulate samples is arranged in clamping box successively; Described harvester is for carrying out the image acquisition of proving installation endoparticle sample, and described drive unit drives described harvester to move;
Described clamping box comprises mainboard, left plate, right plate, left hinge and right hinge, described mainboard bottom surface and front have threaded hole, bottom surface and the front of left plate and right plate have groove, the groove one_to_one corresponding of the threaded hole of described mainboard and left plate and right plate and being bolted, and realize the electrodeless adjustment of clamping box volume; Described left hinge and right hinge are separately fixed on left plate and right plate; Particulate samples is come out be convenient to harvester to carry out image acquisition by rotating left hinge and right hinge;
Described drive unit comprises from the X of translator to actuator, Y-direction actuator, worktable, actuator web joint and spiral lift device from translator, Y-direction actuator is fixing on the table, X to be connected by actuator web joint and in crossing distribution, described spiral lift device is fixed on the slide block of Y-direction actuator to actuator and Y-direction actuator;
Described harvester comprises CCD camera, imaging lens, light source and computing machine, and described CCD camera is fixed on the top of spiral lift device by spherical hinge, described imaging lens is arranged on CCD camera, and is connected with computing machine by data line; Described light source is fixing on the table by bearing;
Described harvester and drive unit are respectively equipped with symmetrical a pair, be respectively left harvester, right harvester, left drive unit and right drive unit, described left harvester is arranged on left drive unit, and described right harvester drives on right drive unit.
2. the particulate matter strain detection testing device based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mainboard bottom surface and front have the threaded hole of M8, described left plate and right plate bottom surface have the groove of diameter D=9.
3. the particulate matter strain detection testing device based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the electrodeless regulative mode of volume of described clamping box for by tools for bolts ' pretension, realizes the fixing of left plate and right plate; Bolt is unscrewed, realizes the step-less adjustment of left plate and right plate.
4. the particulate matter strain detection testing device based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bolt jacking gear is bolted on the slide block of Y-direction actuator, described bolt jacking gear comprises screw sheel and stud, and CCD camera is fixed on stud by spherical hinge.
5., based on the particulate matter strain testing method of three-dimensional digital image correlation method, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of particulate samples and clamping; Particulate samples is prepared from by black rubber material, and does cleaning, then sprays dumb light white paint, controls the size formation uniform outer surface speckle pattern that sprays paint; Successively particulate samples is arranged in clamping box with 6 and 4 two kinds of coordination progression again, because clamping box can electrodelessly regulate, rotate left hinge and right hinge after loading particulate samples to be come out be convenient to two camera shooting, collectings, thus particulate samples can obtain above-mentioned other coordination number do not listed with arbitrary arrangement mode.
(2) by regulating left drive unit and right drive unit to regulate two CCD camera positions in the horizontal plane, left and right, tangent screw jacking gear and spherical hinge simultaneously, to reach working position required for operator and angle, collect the digital picture on proving installation surface before and after distortion.
(3) open image capturing system, and light source is adjusted to suitable angular intensity, image acquisition parameter is set, storing path, prepare to start compression test and image acquisition.
(4) inspection apparatus and system again, guarantee that each side normally works, open charger, carry out the uniaxial compression test of particulate samples, carry out the image acquisition of ccd video camera, in the file set up in computing machine before the sample image of collection can be stored automatically in simultaneously.
(5) finally by the image that loading by means of digital image correlation method Treatment Analysis collects, the displacement field of particulate samples in Failure under Uniaxial Compression and strain field is obtained.
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Application publication date: 20150624 |
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