CN102654443A - Non-contact three-dimensional measurement device and method for particle movement of fluidized bed - Google Patents
Non-contact three-dimensional measurement device and method for particle movement of fluidized bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102654443A CN102654443A CN201210073474XA CN201210073474A CN102654443A CN 102654443 A CN102654443 A CN 102654443A CN 201210073474X A CN201210073474X A CN 201210073474XA CN 201210073474 A CN201210073474 A CN 201210073474A CN 102654443 A CN102654443 A CN 102654443A
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-contact three-dimensional measurement device and a non-contact three-dimensional measurement method for the particle movement of a fluidized bed. Gamma ray detectors arranged in an orthometric manner at the same height capture tracer particles and give out gamma rays; the gamma ray detectors convert the gamma rays into electric signals; the electric signals are processed by a sensitive signal amplifier, a converter, a forward analogue-digital sampler and a lateral analogue-digital sampler to respectively generate a forward perspective view and a lateral perspective view; and then the three-dimensional movement process of the particles is reconstructed through a three-dimensional image reconstruction module. The measurement device and the method provided by the invention employ safe ray for imaging so that three-dimensional, real-time, accurate and safe measurement of the particle movement of the fluidized bed is realized without affecting a flow field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method and measurement mechanism of gas-solid fluidized bed particle motion, belong to fluidized bed and multiphase flow measurement technical field.
Background technology
Gas-solid fluidized bed in industry such as catalytic cracking, coal combustion, coal gasification extensive application.Heat treatment technics such as fluidized-bed combustion, gasification since efficient high, subtract advantages such as holding obviously, can reclaim heat energy, become and can realize that extensive disposal of resources utilizes the mainstream technology of solid waste and domestic waste.In the scientific research of fluid bed heat treatment technology, engineering design and the commercial Application, all need to be grasped the different operating parameter endocorpuscular characteristics of motion of leaving the bed.The grasp of the fluid bed granulate characteristics of motion is the key of understanding gas-particle heat transfer mechanism of mass transfer, and fluid bedreactors design and structural parameters are all optimized and had great importance.
The measurement of gas-solid fluidized bed particle motion mainly is a trace method, promptly in fluidized bed, mixes the tracer grain that some has special marking, follows the tracks of or catch the motion of tracer grain then through instrument.It is noiseless that scientific and effective movement of particles measuring method should possess stream field, reaches three-dimensional, real-time, accurate and security measurement.In the past few decades, the researcher has invented the tracing method that movement of particles is measured in hot particle spike, phosphorescent particle spike, dyed particles spike, magnetic-particle spike and radioactive grain spike etc. both at home and abroad.But all there is shortcoming more or less in these tracing methods: hot particle spike temperature damping is fast, and precision is undesirable, can't carry out three-dimensional measurement; Phosphorescent particle spike and dyed particles spike adopt visible light to catch movement of particles, the three-dimensional measurement difficulty; Magnetic-particle spike stream field has interference; Radioactive grain trace method such as gamma ray tomography be the most effectively particle spike means of generally acknowledging in the world, but three-dimensional chromatography are long sweep time, and tomography speed and particle high-speed motion do not match, and also there is safety problem in some radiomaterial in addition.
The measurement of gas-solid fluidized bed particle motion all is an international difficult problem all the time, does not have a kind of method can realize noiseless, three-dimensional, real-time, the accurate and security measurement of stream field fully at present.Scientific research, engineering design and commercial Application for big force urges fluid bed heat treatment technology; Lot of domestic and foreign colleges and universities, scientific research institution and enterprise all drop into a large amount of manpower and materials; Be devoted to the movement of particles measuring method and the device of development of new, to grab the highland of intellecture property.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters:The present invention is intended to propose a kind of non-contact 3-D measuring method and device of fluid bed granulate motion.The imaging of employing gamma ray under the glitch-free situation of stream field, realizes the three-dimensional to the fluidized bed movement of particles, real-time, accurate and security measurement.
Technical scheme:The basic ideas of the inventive method are following: same level height is arranged at an angle of 90 two gamma ray imagers outside fluidized bed excessively; Gas-solid fluidized bed selection area is taken synchronously continuously; At the fluoroscopy images of two orthogonal planes, reconstruct particle again when catching the tracer grain motion that behind radioisotope labeling, can send gamma ray at three-dimensional movement locus.
A cover signals collecting and a transmission channel respectively arranged in front and side at fluidized bed, and forward path is made up of first gamma-ray detector, sensitive signal amplifier, the first pulse signal converter, forward modulus sampling thief and the series connection of perspective view generation module successively; Lateral approach is made up of second gamma-ray detector, the second sensitive signal amplifier, the second pulse signal converter, side direction modulus sampling thief and the series connection of side perspective view generation module successively; (link to each other with computing machine with the 3-D view reconstructed module after perspective view generation module and the parallel connection of side perspective view generation module; First gamma-ray detector of two paths is positioned at same absolute altitude with second gamma-ray detector and relative fluidized bed becomes each layout of 90 degree, is connected with the synchronous sequence generator between forward modulus sampling thief and the side direction modulus sampling thief; Front end at first gamma-ray detector and second gamma-ray detector is respectively equipped with a collimating apparatus.
Described collimator arrangement has 29 little bellmouths in the big rear end of front end, and the bellmouth xsect is the octagon structure, each bellmouth front end face circumscribed circle diameter D
2With bellmouth rear end face circumscribed circle diameter D
1Satisfy and concern D
2/ D
1=1.3-1.5; The collimating apparatus center arrangement has a bellmouth, and three layers of layout are outwards divided at all the other centers, on first concentric circles, are uniformly distributed with 4 bellmouths, are uniformly distributed with 8 bellmouths on second concentric circles, are uniformly distributed with 16 bellmouths on the 3rd concentric circles; Three concentrically ringed radiuses become arithmetic progression, the tolerance of this arithmetic progression
dWith collimating apparatus overall diameter D, bellmouth front end face circumscribed circle diameter D
2Between satisfy and to concern D
2<
d≤0.125D.
The measuring method of the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism of fluid bed granulate motion is in the bed material of fluidized bed, to drop into the tracer grain through the radioactive compound mark; Tracer grain discharges gamma ray and penetrates after the fluidized bed wall filters through collimating apparatus; Get into gamma-ray detector and produce electronic pulse signal; After the sensitive signal amplifier amplifies, send into the pulse signal converter and change into voltage pulse signal; Controlled forward modulus sampling thief and side direction modulus sampling thief synchronous acquisition voltage pulse signal and be translated into digital signal by the synchronous sequence generator, frequency acquisition is greater than 100 hertz; Digital signal sends into the perspective view generation module respectively and the side perspective view generation module generates XOZ plane projection image and YOZ plane projection image; Two plane pictures generate the XYZ space 3-D view via the 3-D view reconstructed module; Send into computing machine, realize the movement locus of real-time follow-up, demonstration and storage tracer grain.
The radioactive compound of tracer grain mark is Na
131I uses the Na of concentration as 5%-25% with tracer grain in the labeling process
131I aqueous solution soaking 3-5 hour is evenly adhered to solution and is infiltrated into granule interior, in the confined space of temperature below 80 degrees centigrade, dries.
Beneficial effect:The measuring method that the gas-solid fluidized bed particle that the present invention proposes mixes has following characteristic and advantage:
(1) radial imaging non-contact measurement, measuring process do not disturb the gas-solid in the fluidized bed to flow, and measure accurately than insertion type.
(2) radioactive compound of mark tracer grain is Na
131I belongs to clinical medical low-activity energy label, technology maturation and to human body and Environmental security.
(3) the gamma ray imaging frequency is greater than 100 hertz; Can catch motion less than 0.01 second process particle; Be particularly suitable for measuring the fluid bed granulate rapid movement, solved in the past in the technology such as tomoscan or computed tomography scanning long image taking speed and the movement of particles speed mismatch problem of causing sweep time.
(4) synchronous sequence generator control synchronous high-speed sampling realizes measuring in real time.
(5) 3-D view reconstruct reverts to the space three-dimensional image with the perspective view and the side perspective view of synchronous acquisition under the same absolute altitude, and the 3 D motion trace of real-time follow-up, demonstration and storage tracer grain is realized three-dimensional measurement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism system schematic of fluid bed granulate motion of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the collimator structure synoptic diagram that uses among the present invention.
More than have wherein and have among the figure: fluidized bed 1, first gamma-ray detector 21, second gamma-ray detector 22, sensitive signal amplifier 3, the first pulse signal converters 41, the second pulse signal converter 42, forward modulus sampling thief 5, side direction modulus sampling thief 6; Synchronous sequence generator 7, perspective view generation module 8, side perspective view generation module 9; 3-D view reconstructed module 10, computing machine 11, collimating apparatus 12; Bed material 13, tracer grain 14, bellmouth 15; Bellmouth front end face 16, bellmouth rear end face 17, the first concentric circless 18, second concentric circles 19, the 3rd concentric circles 20.
Embodiment
Specify the realization of technology path of the present invention and target below with reference to Fig. 1:
At first choose a small amount of material 13, the service property (quality) mark is 20% Na
131I aqueous solution soaking 4 hours is taken out after 60 degrees centigrade of sealing oven dry were processed tracer grain 14 in 3 hours, and the amount of carrying of radioactive compound is between the 0.5-1 microgram in the tracer grain 14, and radioactivity is greater than 1MBq/L (every liter of million Bake).A small amount of bed material 13 evenly is tiled in the fluidized bed 1, afterwards the tracer grain that makes 14 evenly is sprinkled upon on the bed material of completing 13, at last a large amount of bed material 13 are covered on the tracer grain 14 according to the operation aequum, be tiled in the fluidized bed 1.Fluidized bed 1 adopts to be made the nonmetallic materials a little less than the gamma ray receptivity, like organic glass etc.; Bed material 13 optional silica sands, river sand etc.
The collimating apparatus of selecting for use 12 is of a size of L=50mm, and D=200mm is processed by lead alloy, bellmouth front end face 16 circumscribed circle diameter D
2=15mm, radius tolerances is 20mm between first concentric circles 18, second concentric circles 19 and the 3rd concentric circles 20 threes.
As shown in Figure 1, arrange respectively that in the front and the side of fluidized bed 1 one first gamma-ray detector 21 and 22, two gamma-ray detectors of second gamma-ray detector are in same absolute altitude and become 90 degree; In the bed material 13 of fluidized bed 1, drop into the tracer grain 14 through the radioactive compound mark, tracer grain 14 discharges gamma ray to the fluidized bed external radiation; Gamma ray is the ultrahigh frequency high-energy electromagnetic wave that a kind of wavelength is shorter than 0.2 dust; Has high penetration power; The gamma ray that penetrates the fluidized bed wall is after collimating apparatus 12 is filtered; Get into gamma-ray detector 2 and produce electronic pulse signal, electronic pulse signal is sent into the pulse signal converter and is changed into voltage pulse signal after sensitive signal amplifier 3 amplifies; The two-way voltage pulse signal is sent into the forward modulus sampling thief 5 and side direction modulus sampling thief 6 by 7 controls of synchronous sequence generator respectively, and the synchronous acquisition voltage pulse signal also is translated into digital signal, and frequency acquisition is greater than 100 hertz; The digital signal of forward modulus sampling thief 5 outputs generates XOZ plane projection image through perspective view generation module 8; The digital signal of side direction modulus sampling thief 6 outputs generates YOZ plane projection image through side perspective view generation module 9; Two plane pictures generate the XYZ space 3-D view via 3-D view reconstructed module 10; Send into computing machine 11, so just can realize the movement locus of real-time follow-up, demonstration and storage tracer grain 14.
In addition, for realizing target of the present invention: the radioactive compound that is used for tracer grain 14 marks is Na
131I, tracer grain 14 use the Na of concentration as 5%-25%
131I aqueous solution soaking 3-5 hour is evenly adhered to solution and is infiltrated into granule interior, in the confined space of temperature below 80 degrees centigrade, dries.
For the field range that increases gamma-ray detector 2, improve the gamma ray acquisition rate and reduce pattern distortion; Adopt with routine that same diameter through hole is different to be; Collimating apparatus 12 is furnished with 29 bellmouths 15 that the big rear end of front end is little among the present invention; As shown in Figure 2, bellmouth 15 xsects are the octagon structure, each bellmouth front end face 16 circumscribed circle diameter D
2With bellmouth rear end face 17 circumscribed circle diameter D
1Satisfy and concern D
2/ D
1=1.3-1.5; Collimating apparatus 12 center arrangement have a bellmouth 15, and all the other divide three layers of layout from inside to outside, are uniformly distributed with 16 being uniformly distributed with on first concentric circles 18 to be uniformly distributed with on 4, second concentric circles 19 on 8, the 3rd concentric circles 20; Three concentrically ringed radiuses become arithmetic progression, the tolerance of arithmetic progression
dWith collimating apparatus 12 overall diameter D, bellmouth front end face 16 circumscribed circle diameter D
2Between satisfy and to concern D
2<
d≤0.125D.
At first open air A before experiments of measuring begins, make fluidized bed 1 be in running status.Meanwhile open and be placed in not two gamma-ray detectors 2 of ipsilateral of fluidized bed 1, sensitive signal amplifier 3, pulse signal converter; Forward modulus sampling thief 5; Perspective view generation module 8, side direction modulus sampling thief 6, side perspective view generation module 9; Synchronous sequence generator 7,3-D view reconstructed module 10 and computing machine 11.Synchronous sequence generator 7 sends sampling control signal with 100 hertz frequency to forward modulus sampling thief 5 and side direction modulus sampling thief 6 simultaneously, carries out synchronized sampling to guarantee the signal of in the experimentation two gamma-ray detectors 2 being passed back.In the measuring process; The gamma ray that tracer grain discharged that is labeled passes the wall of fluidized bed 1, is caught the generation electronic pulse signal by gamma-ray detector, and electronic pulse signal is through amplifying; The conversion back produces the voltage pulse signal between the 0-5 volt; Voltage pulse signal generates the standard digital vision signal through over-sampling after the image reconstruction, constructed the three-dimensional motion process of tracer grain again by 3-D view reconstructed module 10; Finally, computing machine 11 is followed the tracks of the movement locus and the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of tracer grain 14 in real time, is shown and store.
Claims (4)
1. the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism of fluid bed granulate motion; It is characterized in that: a cover signals collecting and a transmission channel respectively arranged in front and side at fluidized bed (1), and forward path is made up of first gamma-ray detector (21), sensitive signal amplifier (31), the first pulse signal converter (41), forward modulus sampling thief (5) and perspective view generation module (8) series connection successively; Lateral approach is made up of second gamma-ray detector (22), the second sensitive signal amplifier (32), the second pulse signal converter (42), side direction modulus sampling thief (6) and side perspective view generation module (9) series connection successively; Perspective view generation module (8) links to each other with computing machine (11) with 3-D view reconstructed module (10) with side perspective view generation module (9) parallel connection back; First gamma-ray detector (21) of two paths is positioned at same absolute altitude with second gamma-ray detector (22) and relative fluidized bed (1) becomes each layout of 90 degree, is connected with synchronous sequence generator (7) between forward modulus sampling thief (5) and the side direction modulus sampling thief (6); Front end at first gamma-ray detector (21) and second gamma-ray detector (22) is respectively equipped with a collimating apparatus (12).
2. the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism of fluid bed granulate motion according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described collimating apparatus (12) is furnished with 29 bellmouths (15) that the big rear end of front end is little; Bellmouth (15) xsect is the octagon structure, each bellmouth front end face (16) circumscribed circle diameter D
2With bellmouth rear end face (17) circumscribed circle diameter D
1Satisfy and concern D
2/ D
1=1.3-1.5; Collimating apparatus (12) center arrangement has a bellmouth (15); Three layers of layout are outwards divided at all the other centers; On first concentric circles (18), be uniformly distributed with 4 bellmouths (15); Be uniformly distributed with 8 bellmouths (15) on second concentric circles (19), be uniformly distributed with 16 bellmouths (15) on the 3rd concentric circles (20); Three concentrically ringed radiuses become arithmetic progression, the tolerance of this arithmetic progression
dWith collimating apparatus (12) overall diameter D, bellmouth front end face (16) circumscribed circle diameter D
2Between satisfy and to concern D
2<
d≤0.125D.
3. the measuring method of the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism of a fluid bed granulate as claimed in claim 1 motion; It is characterized in that in the bed material (13) of fluidized bed (1), dropping into tracer grain (14) through the radioactive compound mark; Tracer grain (14) discharges gamma ray and penetrates after the fluidized bed wall filters through collimating apparatus (12); Get into gamma-ray detector and produce electronic pulse signal; After sensitive signal amplifier (3) amplifies, send into pulse signal converter (4) and change into voltage pulse signal; Controlled forward modulus sampling thief (5) and side direction modulus sampling thief (6) synchronous acquisition voltage pulse signal and be translated into digital signal by synchronous sequence generator (7), frequency acquisition is greater than 100 hertz; Digital signal sends into perspective view generation module (8) respectively and side perspective view generation module (9) generates XOZ plane projection image and YOZ plane projection image; Two plane pictures generate the XYZ space 3-D view via 3-D view reconstructed module (10); Send into computing machine (11), realize the movement locus of real-time follow-up, demonstration and storage tracer grain (14).
4. the measuring method of the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism of a fluid bed granulate motion as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the radioactive compound of tracer grain (14) mark is Na
131I uses the Na of concentration as 5%-25% with tracer grain (14) in the labeling process
131I aqueous solution soaking 3-5 hour is evenly adhered to solution and is infiltrated into granule interior, in the confined space of temperature below 80 degrees centigrade, dries.
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| CN103743658A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-04-23 | 东南大学 | Self-cooling double endoscopic measurement device and method for fluidized bed boiler particle motion |
| CN103760071A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-04-30 | 东南大学 | Multi-lens time-division multiplex tilt-shift fault three-dimensional measurement device and method of particle movement |
| CN104049100A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-09-17 | 华东理工大学 | Micron-size particle autorotation speed test method and device in liquid swirling flow field |
| CN104155219A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-11-19 | 东南大学 | Wireless measuring device and method for measuring dynamic parameters of non-spherical particles in three-dimensional dense gas-solid system |
| CN104729916A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-24 | 浙江工业大学 | Particle substance strain testing device and method based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method |
| CN105548607A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 东南大学 | Probe of measuring gas-solid two-phase flow particle slip velocity and measurement method |
| CN106644833A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-05-10 | 东南大学 | Device and method for measuring multicomponent particle diffusion characteristics of fluidized bed |
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| CN104049100A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-09-17 | 华东理工大学 | Micron-size particle autorotation speed test method and device in liquid swirling flow field |
| CN104049100B (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2017-02-22 | 华东理工大学 | Micron-size particle autorotation speed test method and device in liquid swirling flow field |
| CN104155219B (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-11-09 | 东南大学 | The wireless measurement device of a kind of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle kinetic parameter and method |
| CN104155219A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-11-19 | 东南大学 | Wireless measuring device and method for measuring dynamic parameters of non-spherical particles in three-dimensional dense gas-solid system |
| CN104729916A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-24 | 浙江工业大学 | Particle substance strain testing device and method based on three-dimensional digital image correlation method |
| CN105548607A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 东南大学 | Probe of measuring gas-solid two-phase flow particle slip velocity and measurement method |
| CN105548607B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-11-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of probe and measurement method measuring Gas-solid Two-phase Flow grain slide speed |
| CN106644833A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-05-10 | 东南大学 | Device and method for measuring multicomponent particle diffusion characteristics of fluidized bed |
| CN106644833B (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-03-29 | 东南大学 | A kind of measuring device and measuring method of fluidized bed multi component particle diffusion property |
| CN111256944A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Porous material for hydromechanics visual measurement and preparation method and application thereof |
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