CN102654443B - Non-contact three-dimensional measurement device and method for particle movement of fluidized bed - Google Patents
Non-contact three-dimensional measurement device and method for particle movement of fluidized bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102654443B CN102654443B CN201210073474.XA CN201210073474A CN102654443B CN 102654443 B CN102654443 B CN 102654443B CN 201210073474 A CN201210073474 A CN 201210073474A CN 102654443 B CN102654443 B CN 102654443B
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-contact three-dimensional measurement device and a non-contact three-dimensional measurement method for the particle movement of a fluidized bed. Gamma ray detectors arranged in an orthometric manner at the same height capture tracer particles and give out gamma rays; the gamma ray detectors convert the gamma rays into electric signals; the electric signals are processed by a sensitive signal amplifier, a converter, a forward analogue-digital sampler and a lateral analogue-digital sampler to respectively generate a forward perspective view and a lateral perspective view; and then the three-dimensional movement process of the particles is reconstructed through a three-dimensional image reconstruction module. The measurement device and the method provided by the invention employ safe ray for imaging so that three-dimensional, real-time, accurate and safe measurement of the particle movement of the fluidized bed is realized without affecting a flow field.
Description
Technical field
The measuring method and the measurement mechanism that the present invention relates to a kind of gas-solid fluidized bed particle motion, belong to fluidized bed and multiphase flow measurement technical field.
Background technology
Gas-solid fluidized bed in industrial extensive application such as catalytic cracking, coal combustion, coal gasifications.The heat treatment technics such as fluidized-bed combustion, gasification because efficiency is high, subtract and hold obviously, can reclaim the advantages such as heat energy, become and can realize the mainstream technology that extensive disposal of resources utilizes solid waste and domestic waste.In the scientific research of fluid bed heat treatment technology, engineering design and commercial Application, all need to be grasped the different operating parameter endocorpuscular characteristics of motion of leaving the bed.The grasp of the fluid bed granulate characteristics of motion, is the key of understanding gas-particle heat transfer mechanism of mass transfer, and fluid bedreactors design and structural parameters are all optimized and had great importance.
The measurement of gas-solid fluidized bed particle motion is mainly trace method, in fluidized bed, mixes the tracer grain that some has special marking, then by instrument, is followed the tracks of or caught the motion of tracer grain.It is noiseless that scientific and effective particles motion measure method should possess stream field, reaches three-dimensional, real-time, accurate and security measurement.In the past few decades, researcher has invented the tracing method that movement of particles is measured in hot particle spike, phosphor particle tracer, dyed particles spike, magnetic-particle spike and radioactive grain spike etc. both at home and abroad.But all there is shortcoming more or less in these tracing methods: hot particle spike temperature damping is fast, and precision is undesirable, cannot carry out three-dimensional measurement; Phosphor particle tracer and dyed particles spike adopt visible ray to catch movement of particles, three-dimensional measurement difficulty; Magnetic-particle spike stream field has interference; Radioactive grain trace method, as gamma ray tomography, be the most effective particle spike means of generally acknowledging in the world, but three-dimensional chromatography is long sweep time, and tomography speed is not mated with particle high-speed motion, and some radiomaterial also exists safety problem in addition.
The measurement of gas-solid fluidized bed particle motion is all an international difficult problem all the time, does not have at present a kind of method can realize noiseless, three-dimensional, real-time, the accurate and security measurement of stream field completely.In order to promote energetically scientific research, engineering design and the commercial Application of fluid bed heat treatment technology, lot of domestic and foreign colleges and universities, scientific research institution and enterprise all drop into a large amount of manpower and materials, be devoted to particles motion measure method and the device of development of new, to grab the highland of intellecture property.
Summary of the invention
technical matters:the present invention is intended to propose a kind of non-contact 3-D measuring method and device of fluid bed granulate motion.Adopt gamma ray imaging, in the glitch-free situation of stream field, realize the three-dimensional of fluidized bed movement of particles, real-time, accurate and security measurement.
technical scheme:the basic ideas of the inventive method are as follows: cross same level height outside fluidized bed and be arranged at an angle of 90 two gamma ray imaging devices, to gas-solid fluidized bed selection area is synchronous, take continuously, catch and after radioisotope labeling, can send tracer grain when motion of gamma ray at the fluoroscopy images of two orthogonal planes, then reconstruct particle at three-dimensional movement locus.
A set of signals collecting and transmission channel are respectively arranged in front and side at fluidized bed, and forward path is in series by the first gamma-ray detector, sensitive signal amplifier, the first pulse signal converter, forward modulus sampling thief and perspective view generation module successively; Lateral approach is in series by the second gamma-ray detector, the second sensitive signal amplifier, the second pulse signal converter, side direction modulus sampling thief and side perspective view generation module successively; Perspective view generation module (is connected with computing machine with 3-D view reconstructed module with after the parallel connection of side perspective view generation module; The first gamma-ray detector of two paths is positioned at same absolute altitude and becomes each layout of 90 degree with respect to fluidized bed with the second gamma-ray detector, between forward modulus sampling thief and side direction modulus sampling thief, is connected with synchronous sequence generator; Front end at the first gamma-ray detector and the second gamma-ray detector is respectively equipped with a collimating apparatus.
Described collimator arrangement has 29 little bellmouths in the large rear end of front end, and bellmouth xsect is octagon structure, each bellmouth front end face circumscribed circle diameter D
2with bellmouth rear end face circumscribed circle diameter D
1meet and be related to D
2/ D
1=1.3-1.5; Collimating apparatus center arrangement has a bellmouth, and all the other centers are minute three layers of layout outwards, uniform 4 bellmouths on the first concentric circles, uniform 8 bellmouths on the second concentric circles, uniform 16 bellmouths on the 3rd concentric circles; Three concentrically ringed radiuses become arithmetic progression, the tolerance of this arithmetic progression
dwith collimating apparatus overall diameter D, bellmouth front end face circumscribed circle diameter D
2between meet and be related to D
2<
d≤ 0.125D.
The measuring method of the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism of fluid bed granulate motion is to drop into the tracer grain through radioactive compound mark in the bed material of fluidized bed, after tracer grain discharges gamma ray and penetrates fluidized bed wall and filter by collimating apparatus, enter gamma-ray detector and produce electronic pulse signal, after sensitive signal amplifier amplifies, send into pulse signal converter and change into voltage pulse signal; By synchronous sequence generator, controlled forward modulus sampling thief and side direction modulus sampling thief synchronous acquisition voltage pulse signal and be translated into digital signal, frequency acquisition is greater than 100 hertz; Digital signal sends into respectively perspective view generation module and side perspective view generation module generates XOZ plane projection image and YOZ plane projection image, two plane pictures generate XYZ space 3-D view via 3-D view reconstructed module, send into computing machine, realize the movement locus of real-time follow-up, demonstration and storage tracer grain.
The radioactive compound of tracer grain mark is Na
131i, the Na that is 5%-25% by tracer grain by concentration in labeling process
131i aqueous solution soaking 3-5 hour, evenly adheres to solution and infiltrates into granule interior, in the confined space in temperature below 80 degrees Celsius, dries.
beneficial effect:the measuring method that the gas-solid fluidized bed particle that the present invention proposes mixes has following characteristic and advantage:
(1) radial imaging non-contact measurement, measuring process is not disturbed the Gas-particle Flows in fluidized bed, accurate than invasive measurement.
(2) radioactive compound of mark tracer grain is Na
131i, belongs to clinical medical low-activity energy label, technology maturation and to human body and Environmental security.
(3) gamma ray imaging frequency is greater than 100 hertz, can catch the motion that is less than 0.01 second process particle, be particularly suitable for measuring fluid bed granulate rapid movement, solved in the past in the technology such as tomoscan or computed tomography scanning long image taking speed and the movement of particles speed mismatch problem of causing sweep time.
(4) synchronous sequence generator is controlled synchronous high-speed sampling, realizes in real time and measuring.
(5) 3-D view reconstruct reverts to space three-dimensional image by the perspective view of synchronous acquisition under same absolute altitude and side perspective view, and the 3 D motion trace of real-time follow-up, demonstration and storage tracer grain, realizes three-dimensional measurement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism system schematic of fluid bed granulate motion of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the collimator structure schematic diagram using in the present invention.
In above figure, have wherein and have: fluidized bed 1, the first gamma-ray detector 21, the second gamma-ray detector 22, sensitive signal amplifier 3, the first pulse signal converter 41, the second pulse signal converter 42, forward modulus sampling thief 5, side direction modulus sampling thief 6, synchronous sequence generator 7, perspective view generation module 8, side perspective view generation module 9, 3-D view reconstructed module 10, computing machine 11, collimating apparatus 12, bed material 13, tracer grain 14, bellmouth 15, bellmouth front end face 16, bellmouth rear end face 17, the first concentric circles 18, the second concentric circles 19, the 3rd concentric circles 20.
Embodiment
Below with reference to Fig. 1, illustrate the realization of technology path of the present invention and target:
First choose a small amount of material 13, the Na that service property (quality) mark is 20%
131i aqueous solution soaking 4 hours, takes out by 60 degrees Celsius of sealings and dries and within 3 hours, make tracer grain 14, and in tracer grain 14, the amount of carrying of radioactive compound is between 0.5-1 microgram, and radioactivity is greater than 1MBq/L (million every liter of Bakes).A small amount of bed material 13 is evenly laid in fluidized bed 1, afterwards the tracer grain making 14 is evenly sprinkled upon on the bed material 13 of completing, finally a large amount of bed material 13 are covered on tracer grain 14 according to operation aequum, be laid in fluidized bed 1.Fluidized bed 1 adopts to be made the nonmetallic materials a little less than gamma ray receptivity, as organic glass etc.; Bed material 13 optional silica sands, river sand etc.
The collimating apparatus 12 of selecting is of a size of L=50mm, and D=200mm, is made by lead alloy, bellmouth front end face 16 circumscribed circle diameter D
2=15mm, between the first concentric circles 18, the second concentric circles 19 and the 3rd concentric circles 20 threes, radius tolerances is 20mm.
As shown in Figure 1, in front and the side of fluidized bed 1, arrange respectively first gamma-ray detector 21 and 22, two gamma-ray detectors of the second gamma-ray detector in same absolute altitude and become 90 degree; In the bed material 13 of fluidized bed 1, drop into the tracer grain 14 through radioactive compound mark, tracer grain 14 discharges gamma ray to fluidized bed external radiation; Gamma ray is the ultrahigh frequency high-energy electromagnetic wave that a kind of wavelength is shorter than 0.2 dust, there is high penetration power, penetrate the gamma ray of fluidized bed wall after collimating apparatus 12 is filtered, enter gamma-ray detector 2 and produce electronic pulse signal, electronic pulse signal, after sensitive signal amplifier 3 amplifies, is sent into pulse signal converter and is changed into voltage pulse signal; Two-way voltage pulse signal is sent into respectively forward modulus sampling thief 5 and the side direction modulus sampling thief 6 of being controlled by synchronous sequence generator 7, and synchronous acquisition voltage pulse signal is also translated into digital signal, and frequency acquisition is greater than 100 hertz; The digital signal of forward modulus sampling thief 5 outputs generates XOZ plane projection image through perspective view generation module 8, the digital signal of side direction modulus sampling thief 6 outputs generates YOZ plane projection image through side perspective view generation module 9, two plane pictures generate XYZ space 3-D view via 3-D view reconstructed module 10, send into computing machine 11, so just can realize the movement locus of real-time follow-up, demonstration and storage tracer grain 14.
In addition, for realizing target of the present invention: the radioactive compound for tracer grain 14 marks is Na
131i, the Na that tracer grain 14 use concentration are 5%-25%
131i aqueous solution soaking 3-5 hour, evenly adheres to solution and infiltrates into granule interior, in the confined space in temperature below 80 degrees Celsius, dries.
In order to increase field range, the raising gamma ray acquisition rate of gamma-ray detector 2 and to reduce pattern distortion, adopt with routine that same diameter through hole is different is, in the present invention, collimating apparatus 12 is furnished with 29 bellmouths 15 that the large rear end of front end is little, as shown in Figure 2, bellmouth 15 xsects are octagon structure, each bellmouth front end face 16 circumscribed circle diameter D
2with bellmouth rear end face 17 circumscribed circle diameter D
1meet and be related to D
2/ D
1=1.3-1.5; Collimating apparatus 12 center arrangement have a bellmouth 15, and all the other divide three layers of layout from inside to outside, on the first concentric circles 18 on uniform 4, the second concentric circles 19 on uniform 8, the 3rd concentric circles 20 uniform 16; Three concentrically ringed radiuses become arithmetic progression, the tolerance of arithmetic progression
dwith collimating apparatus 12 overall diameter D, bellmouth front end face 16 circumscribed circle diameter D
2between meet and be related to D
2<
d≤ 0.125D.
Before experiments of measuring starts, first open air A, make fluidized bed 1 in running status.Meanwhile open and be placed in not two gamma-ray detectors 2 of ipsilateral of fluidized bed 1, sensitive signal amplifier 3, pulse signal converter, forward modulus sampling thief 5, perspective view generation module 8, side direction modulus sampling thief 6, side perspective view generation module 9, synchronous sequence generator 7,3-D view reconstructed module 10 and computing machine 11.Synchronous sequence generator 7 sends sampling control signal with the frequency of 100 hertz to forward modulus sampling thief 5 and side direction modulus sampling thief 6 simultaneously, with the signal that guarantees in experimentation, two gamma-ray detectors 2 to be passed back, carries out synchronized sampling.In measuring process, the gamma ray that the tracer grain being labeled discharges is through the wall of fluidized bed 1, by gamma-ray detector, caught generation electronic pulse signal, electronic pulse signal is through amplifying, after conversion, produce the voltage pulse signal between 0-5 volt, voltage pulse signal is through over-sampling, after image reconstruction, generate standard digital vision signal, by 3-D view reconstructed module 10, re-constructed out the three-dimensional motion process of tracer grain, finally, computing machine 11 is followed the tracks of the movement locus of tracer grain 14 and CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION in real time, shows and store.
Claims (2)
1. the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism of fluid bed granulate motion, it is characterized in that: a set of signals collecting and transmission channel are respectively arranged in front and side at fluidized bed (1), forward path is in series by the first gamma-ray detector (21), sensitive signal amplifier (31), the first pulse signal converter (41), forward modulus sampling thief (5) and perspective view generation module (8) successively; Lateral approach is in series by the second gamma-ray detector (22), the second sensitive signal amplifier (32), the second pulse signal converter (42), side direction modulus sampling thief (6) and side perspective view generation module (9) successively; After perspective view generation module (8) is in parallel with side perspective view generation module (9), be connected with computing machine (11) with 3-D view reconstructed module (10); First gamma-ray detector (21) of two paths is positioned at same absolute altitude with the second gamma-ray detector (22) and relative fluidized bed (1) becomes each layout of 90 degree, between forward modulus sampling thief (5) and side direction modulus sampling thief (6), is connected with synchronous sequence generator (7); Front end at the first gamma-ray detector (21) and the second gamma-ray detector (22) is respectively equipped with a collimating apparatus (12);
Described collimating apparatus (12) is furnished with 29 bellmouths (15) that the large rear end of front end is little, and bellmouth (15) xsect is octagon structure, each bellmouth front end face (16) circumscribed circle diameter D
2with bellmouth rear end face (17) circumscribed circle diameter D
1meet and be related to D
2/ D
1=1.3-1.5; Collimating apparatus (12) center arrangement has a bellmouth (15), all the other centers are minute three layers of layout outwards, at upper uniform 4 bellmouths (15) of the first concentric circles (18), upper uniform 8 bellmouths (15) of the second concentric circles (19), upper uniform 16 bellmouths (15) of the 3rd concentric circles (20); Three concentrically ringed radiuses become arithmetic progression, the tolerance d of this arithmetic progression and collimating apparatus (12) overall diameter D, bellmouth front end face (16) circumscribed circle diameter D
2between meet and be related to D
2<d≤0.125D.
2. the measuring method of the non-contact 3-D measurement mechanism of a fluid bed granulate as claimed in claim 1 motion, it is characterized in that dropping into the tracer grain (14) through radioactive compound mark in the bed material (13) of fluidized bed (1), after tracer grain (14) discharges gamma ray and penetrates fluidized bed wall and filter by collimating apparatus (12), enter gamma-ray detector and produce electronic pulse signal, after sensitive signal amplifier (3) amplifies, send into pulse signal converter (4) and change into voltage pulse signal; By synchronous sequence generator (7), controlled forward modulus sampling thief (5) and side direction modulus sampling thief (6) synchronous acquisition voltage pulse signal and be translated into digital signal, frequency acquisition is greater than 100 hertz; Digital signal sends into respectively perspective view generation module (8) and side perspective view generation module (9) generates XOZ plane projection image and YOZ plane projection image, two plane pictures generate XYZ space 3-D view via 3-D view reconstructed module (10), send into computing machine (11), realize the movement locus of real-time follow-up, demonstration and storage tracer grain (14);
The radioactive compound of described tracer grain (14) mark is Na
131i, the Na that is 5%-25% by tracer grain (14) by concentration in labeling process
131i aqueous solution soaking 3-5 hour, evenly adheres to solution and infiltrates into granule interior, in the confined space in temperature below 80 degrees Celsius, dries.
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| CN111256944B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-05-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Porous material for hydromechanics visual measurement and preparation method and application thereof |
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