CN104701923A - 用于监控电池系统的部件故障的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于监控电池系统的部件故障的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN104701923A
CN104701923A CN201410393022.9A CN201410393022A CN104701923A CN 104701923 A CN104701923 A CN 104701923A CN 201410393022 A CN201410393022 A CN 201410393022A CN 104701923 A CN104701923 A CN 104701923A
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cooling fan
battery
management system
battery management
controller
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闵敬仁
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Kia Motors Corp
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Abstract

提供一种用于监控电池系统的部件故障的装置和方法，从而更准确地确定用于冷却环境友好型车辆的电池的冷却风扇或者涉及冷却风扇的一部分是否失灵。用于监控电池系统部件的故障的方法在电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示冷却风扇的操作状态和冷却风扇的反馈信号(PFM)的脉冲宽度调制PWM信号时，由控制器强制驱动冷却风扇并且测量电池的当前温度。

Description

用于监控电池系统的部件故障的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于监控电池系统的部件故障的装置和方法。更具体地，本发明涉及一种用于监控电池系统的部件故障的装置和方法，以更准确地确定冷却环境友好型车辆的电池的冷却风扇或者涉及冷却风扇的一部分是否故障。
背景技术
作为动力源操作的电动机被安装在诸如混合动力车辆、电动车辆、燃料电池车辆的环境友好型车辆中，以及包括高压电池的电池模块(即，电动机的驱动动力源)和用于阻断或者供给电源的高压继电器被安装在车辆内。
防止电池过热的电池冷却系统和使用冷却剂冷却电动机以防止电动机过热的电动机冷却系统基本上安装在环境友好型车辆内。环境友好型车辆中的电池冷却系统用于将电池冷却至预定温度以保持最优性能。
因此，辐射由电池产生的热量的冷却风扇电动机(以下称为“冷却风扇”)和负责诸如控制电池模块充电和放电以及温度的整体控制(包括控制冷却风扇的操作和级别)的电池管理系统(BMS)被安装在环境友好型车辆中使用的电池冷却系统。然而，当由于冷却风扇故障而造成诸如电池的部件的温度升高时，电池的性能劣化并且电池的寿命减少，从而导致环境友好型车辆的功能的限制或者丧失。因此，将用于冷却风扇的故障检测逻辑应用于电池管理系统。
具体地，将参考图1描述涉及冷却风扇故障检测的常规方法的实例。首先，当电池温度上升至预定温度或者更大时，电池管理系统发送操作命令给冷却风扇。接着，根据由电池管理系统命令的级别操作冷却风扇，并且将电流操作情形作为脉冲宽度调制(PWM)信号传输给电池管理系统。换言之，电池管理系统使用从冷却风扇控制器接收的PWM信号确定冷却风扇的操作状态。
接着，当电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示冷却风扇的操作级别和冷却风扇的反馈信号的PWM信号时，BMS确定冷却风扇已失灵(例如，出现失灵或者故障)。无论电池的当前温度保持为基准值或者更低，当故障被确定为由于没有接收到PWM信号时，可以替换冷却风扇，其由于错误确定增加了成本，并且致使操作员由于相同类型的故障而访问维修中心。
作为用于解决问题的另一示例性方法，在检测电池冷却系统的冷却风扇电动机故障的相关技术中已经开发了一种方法，所述方法包括：驱动并且停止冷却风扇电动机；在预定时间段过去之后测量冷却风扇电动机的电压；并且当冷却风扇电动机的电压大于阀值时，确定冷却风扇电动机处于正常状态，并且当冷却风扇电动机的电压小于阀值时，确定冷却风扇电动机失灵。
然而，当在不考虑电池的当前温度的情况下，仅通过测量冷却风扇电动机的电压确定冷却风扇电动机的故障时，在确定冷却风扇电动机故障中可能产生错误。换言之，因为当电池的当前温度保持为基准值或者更低时，可以确定冷却风扇电动机正常操作(例如，操作时无失灵)并且涉及冷却风扇电动机的另一部件失灵，通过测量冷却风扇电动机的电压的常规方法可能不能准确确定冷却风扇电动机是否失灵。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供这样一种装置和方法，即，当电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示冷却风扇的操作状态和冷却风扇的反馈信号(PFM)的PWM信号时，通过强制驱动冷却风扇并且测量电池的当前温度，监控电池系统部件的故障以从电池的当前温度更准确地确定冷却风扇或者电池管理系统(BMS)故障，
根据本发明的方面，用于监控电池系统部件(电池系统部件包括电池管理系统和被配置为接收电池管理系统的命令信号以操作冷却风扇的冷却风扇控制器)的故障的装置可包括：强制冷却风扇驱动单元，被配置为当电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示冷却风扇反馈信号(PFM)的PWM信号时，强制冷却风扇驱动单元强制驱动冷却风扇；电池温度测量单元，电池温度测量单元被配置为在由强制冷却风扇驱动单元强制驱动冷却风扇之前和之后测量电池的温差；和故障确定单元，当由电池温度测量单元测量的电池的温差是基准至或者更大时，故障确定单元被配置为确定电池管理系统失灵，并且当温差小于基准值时，被配置为确定冷却风扇失灵。该装置可进一步包括报警单元，被配置为将由故障确定单元所确定的冷却风扇或者电池管理系统的故障通知驾驶员。
根据本发明的另一方面，监控电池系统部件的故障的方法可包括：当电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示冷却反馈信号(PFM)的PWM信号时，强制驱动冷却风扇；在冷却风扇的强制驱动之前和之后测量电池的温差；当电池的温差是基准值或者更大时，确定电池管理系统失灵；当温差小于基准值时，确定冷却风扇失灵。
在冷却风扇的强制驱动中，可在最大级别驱动或者从级别1(例如，第一级别)至最大级别顺次驱动(例如，在达到最大能级之前在不同能级驱动)冷却风扇。在测量电池的温差时，在强制驱动冷却风扇之前可测量电池的温度，并且在强制驱动冷却风扇之后过去约3至10分钟之后可测量电池的温度。该方法可进一步包括通知驾驶员冷却风扇或者电池管理系统失灵。
本发明通过上述所述解决方案具有下列效应。
首先，当电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收PWM信号时，基于在强制驱动冷却风扇之前和之后的电池温差可更准确地确定冷却风扇或者电池管理系统是否失灵。
其次，因为驾驶员可更为清晰地识别出冷却风扇和电池管理系统中的哪一个失灵，所以在维修过程中就可以更准确地替换部件。
附图说明
现将参考下文中仅通过例图方式给出的附图中所示出的某些示例性实施方式详细地描述本发明的上述特性和其他特性，因此，不限制本发明，其中：
图1是示出了根据现有技术的监控电池系统的冷却风扇的故障的方法的示例性流程图；
图2是示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于监控电池系统的部件的故障的装置的示例性框图；以及
图3是示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方式的监控电池系统的部件的故障的方法的示例性流程图。
应当理解的是，附图不一定按比例绘制，从某种程度上呈现了示出本发明基本原理的各种示例性特性的简化表示。例如，通过特殊的目的应用和使用环境部分确定所公开的本发明的具体设计特征(包括具体尺寸、方位、位置以及形状)。在图中，参考标号指贯穿附图中几幅图的本发明的相同或者等同零部件。
具体实施方式
应当理解的是，在此使用的术语“车辆”或者“车辆的”或者其他类似术语通常包括机动车辆，诸如包括运动型多用途车(SUV)的客车、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆、包括各种船舶的船只、飞机等等，并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电式混合动力车辆、氢动力车辆以及其他可替代燃料车辆(例如，源自不同于石油的资源的燃料)。如在此所提及的，混合动力车辆是具有两种以上动力源的车辆，例如，既是汽油动力又是电动的车辆。
尽管示例性实施方式被描述为使用多个单元执行示例性过程，然而，应当理解的是，示例性过程还可由一个或者多个模块执行。此外，应当理解的是，术语“控制器/控制单元”指包括存储器和处理器的硬件设备。存储器被配置为存储模块并且处理器被具体配置为执行所述模块以执行下面进一步所描述的一个或者多个过程。
而且，本发明的控制逻辑可被实施为在计算机可读介质上的非暂时性计算机可读媒体，包含由处理器、控制器/控制单元等执行的可执行程序指令。计算机可读介质的实施例包括但并不限于：ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪存驱动、智能卡和光学数据存储设备。计算机可读记录介质也可分布在网络耦合的计算机系统中，从而以分布式方式(例如由车载通信服务器(telematics server)或控制器局域网络(CAN))存储并且执行所述计算机可读介质。
本文中所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式而并不旨在限制对本发明。除非上下文另有明确指示，否则，如本文中所使用的，单数形式“一个(a)”、“一个(an)”及“所述”也旨在包括复数形式。应当进一步理解的是，当本说明书中使用术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”时，指定存在所陈述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件及/或组件，但并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件及/或其组合。如本文中使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个关联列出项的任何及所有组合。
如本发明中使用的，除非明确规定或者从上下文显而易见，术语“大约”被理解为在本领域的正常容差范围内，例如，在平均值的2标准差内。“大约”可以被理解为在所陈述值的10％、9％、8％、7％、6％、5％、4％、3％、2％、1％、0.5％、0.1％、0.05％或者0.01％内。除非另外从上下文清晰可见，否则，此处提供的所有数值均被术语“大约”修饰。
在下文中，将参考附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施方式。如上所述，在环境友好型车辆内安装作为驱动电动机的动力源操作的高压电池、辐射由电池产生的热量并且冷却电池的冷却风扇、以及操作冷却风扇和电池的电池管理系统。本发明的要点在于当电池管理系统未能接收表示冷却风扇的操作状态的PWM信号时可更准确地确定冷却风扇或者电池管理系统是否失灵。
图2是示出了监控根据本发明的实施方式的用于电池系统的部件的故障的装置的示例性框图。具体地，装置包括冷却风扇控制器12和电池管理系统10。电池管理系统10可包括被配置为操作冷却风扇14的控制器、强制冷却风扇驱动单元20、电池温度测量单元22、故障确定单元24以及报警单元26。如图2所示，在可被配置为接收电池管理系统10的命令信号的冷却风扇控制器12的操作下，可调整用于冷却电池的冷却风扇14的级别。作为根据冷却风扇14的操作的反馈信号，冷却风扇反馈信号(PFM)包括冷却风扇的当前操作级别和操作速度，即，可将PWM信号从冷却风扇控制器12传输至电池管理系统10。
当电池管理系统10未能从冷却风扇控制器12接收表示冷却风扇反馈信号(PFM)的PWM信号时，用于强制驱动冷却风扇14的强制冷却风扇驱动单元20可设置在电池管理系统10内或者作为独立的控制部分，并且可连接至电池管理系统10以交换信号。因此，当电池管理系统10未能从冷却风扇控制器12接收表示关于冷却风扇14的当前操作级别的冷却风扇反馈信号(PFM)的PWM信号时，可通过将电流施加给冷却风扇14强制驱动冷却风扇14。尽管在冷却风扇14的强制驱动过程中可从级别1上至最大级别(例如，级别9)顺次驱动冷却风扇14，然而，可强制驱动冷却风扇14直接到最高级(例如，级别9)以更迅速地冷却电池。
然后，电池温度测量单元22可被配置为在强制驱动冷却风扇14之前和之后测量电池的温度。电池温度测量单元22可被配置为在由强制冷却风扇驱动单元20强制驱动冷却风扇14之前和之后测量不同的电池温度。此外，电池温度测量单元22可被配置为在强制驱动冷却风扇之前测量电池的温度，在强制驱动冷却风扇之后过去约3至10分钟之后测量电池的温度，并且将电池的温度传输给故障确定单元24。
此外，故障确定单元14可被配置为在冷却风扇的强制冷却之前和之后计算由电池温度测量单元22测量的电池温差，从而确定冷却风扇或者电池管理系统故障。故障确定单元24可设置在电池管理系统10内或者作为独立的控制部分，并且可连接至电池管理系统10以交换信号。因此，故障确定单元24可被配置为在强制驱动冷却风扇之前和之后计算电池的温差，并且当温差是基准值或者更大时，故障确定单元24可被配置为确定冷却风扇14处于正常状态(例如，未失灵)并且电池管理系统10失灵。
换言之，因为在强制驱动冷却风扇之前和之后的电池温差指电池被冷却风扇产生的冷空气冷却，所以确定冷却风扇处于正常状态。此外，因为电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示反馈信号(PFM)的PWM信号可以指电池管理系统正经历失灵。
而且，故障确定单元24可被配置为在强制驱动冷却风扇之前和之后计算电池的温差，并且当温差是基准值或者更小时，确定电池管理系统10处于正常状态，并且可同时确定冷却风扇14已失灵。换言之，即使电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示反馈信号(PFM)的PWM信号，因为在出现强制驱动冷却风扇之前和之后的电池温差时，通过冷却风扇冷却电池的操作被视为不能顺利执行，可确定冷却风扇的故障。
此外，本发明的装置可进一步包括报警单元26，报警单元26被配置为将由故障确定单元24确定的冷却风扇或者电池管理系统故障通知驾驶员。报警单元的实例可以是以集群设置的车辆的报警灯。因此，响应于确定冷却风扇或者电池管理系统失灵，可将关于冷却风扇和电池管理系统的失灵更准确地通知驾驶员。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于监控电池系统部件的故障的装置，所述电池系统部件包括电池管理系统和被配置为接收所述电池管理系统的命令信号以操作冷却风扇的冷却风扇控制器，所述装置包括：
存储器，所述存储器被配置为存储程序指令；和
处理器，所述处理器被配置为执行所述程序指令，所述程序指令在被执行时被配置为：
当所述电池管理系统未能从所述冷却风扇控制器接收表示冷却风扇反馈信号的脉冲宽度调制PWM信号时，强制驱动所述冷却风扇；
在强制驱动所述冷却风扇之前和之后测量电池的温差；
当通过电池温度测量单元测量的所述电池的所述温差是基准温度或者更大时，确定所述电池管理系统的失灵；以及
当所述温差小于所述基准温度时，确定所述冷却风扇的失灵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述程序指令在执行时进一步被配置为：
将所述冷却风扇或者所述电池管理系统的所确定的失灵通知驾驶员。
3.一种监控电池系统部件的故障的方法，所述方法包括：
当电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示冷却反馈信号的脉冲宽度调制PWM信号时，由控制器强制驱动冷却风扇；
在所述冷却风扇的所述强制驱动之前和之后由所述控制器测量电池的温差；
当所述电池的所述温差是基准温度或者更大时，由所述控制器确定所述电池管理系统的失灵；以及
当所述温差小于所述基准温度时，由所述控制器确定所述冷却风扇的失灵。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，在强制驱动所述冷却风扇中，在最大级别驱动或者从第一级至所述最大级别顺次驱动所述冷却风扇。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，在测量所述电池的所述温差中，在强制驱动所述冷却风扇之前测量所述电池的温度，并且在强制驱动所述冷却风扇之后过去约3至10分钟之后测量所述电池的温度。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法，进一步包括：
由所述控制器将所述冷却风扇或者所述电池管理系统的所确定的失灵通知驾驶员。
7.一种包含由控制器执行的程序指令的非暂时性计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质包括：
当电池管理系统未能从冷却风扇控制器接收表示冷却反馈信号的脉冲宽度调制PWM信号时，强制驱动冷却风扇的程序指令；
在所述冷却风扇的所述强制驱动之前和之后测量电池的温差的程序指令；
当所述电池的所述温差是基准温度或者更大时，确定所述电池管理系统的失灵的程序指令；以及
当所述温差小于所述基准温度时，确定所述冷却风扇的失灵的程序指令。
8.根据权利要求7所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质，其中，在强制驱动所述冷却风扇中，在最大级别驱动或者从第一级至所述最大级别顺次驱动所述冷却风扇。
9.根据权利要求7所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质，其中，在测量所述电池的所述温差中，在强制驱动所述冷却风扇之前测量所述电池的温度，并且在强制驱动所述冷却风扇之后过去约3至10分钟之后测量所述电池的温度。
10.根据权利要求7所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质，进一步包括：
将所述冷却风扇或者所述电池管理系统的所确定的失灵通知驾驶员的程序指令。
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