CN110534822B - 一种动力电池故障预警系统 - Google Patents

一种动力电池故障预警系统 Download PDF

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CN110534822B
CN110534822B CN201910652317.6A CN201910652317A CN110534822B CN 110534822 B CN110534822 B CN 110534822B CN 201910652317 A CN201910652317 A CN 201910652317A CN 110534822 B CN110534822 B CN 110534822B
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唐龙
魏来
卢慧玲
杨智涵
唐艳
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Guizhou Hot Cable Technology Co ltd
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G01K3/14Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving differences of values; giving differentiated values in respect of space
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    • G01K7/00Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
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    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M10/486Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种动力电池故障预警系统,包括若干温差感应模块,温差导线、温差信号处理模块和报警器。温差感应模块分别布置在每个电池单体的表面并通过温差导线依次并联或串联连接,最后连接温差信号处理模块,温差信号处理模块可设置固定温度差值报警或温差变化速率报警,报警信号输出到报警器。当电池组中某个电池单体发生故障温度升高高于其余电池单体温度时,该处温差感应模块会产生一个与该温差对应的电信号,同时,该温差感应模块内阻会随温度升高而降低,电路在该处结合形成回路,温差信号输出到温差信号处理模块,连接报警器报警。本发明布置简单,及时准确,具有实用性。

Description

一种动力电池故障预警系统
技术领域
本发明涉及蓄电池领域,特别涉及一种动力电池故障预警系统。
背景技术
目前动力电池在电动汽车、储能等领域得到了广泛的应用,在实际使用中,一般是由多个电池单体通过串、并联组成模组使用,一个电池系统包含大量电池单体。如此大量的电池难免有少数电池单体会因个体差异及所处环境差异导致过充过放,或者机械力破坏等因素造成损伤,这类故障通常是从少数电池单体开始的,如果不及时采取措施,故障将会不断循环积累恶化,故障电池显著发热,电池内部化学反应就会一个接一个地发生,形成连锁反应,高温会使隔膜崩溃,电池形成短路,最终演化成热失控,发生起火、燃烧、爆炸等突发失效事故。因此对电池故障进行早期监测预警,预防电池组突发失效对电池的安全使用至关重要。
现有技术中,难以及早监测到电池组中单个电池的故障状态,目前主要是利用光电、红外、气体探测等技术来探测,这类方法只有在电池故障发展到破裂、热失控燃烧的阶段才能发现,发现时机滞后。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是实现一种能够及时、准确、有效的对电池故障进行预警的动力电池故障预警系统。系统通过实时监测所有电池单体之间的温度差,能够捕捉到少数电池单体故障时异常升温的信号,并将该温差信号传送到信号处理模块上,当温差超出阈值时报警。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种动力电池故障预警系统,其特征在于,包括:
若干温差感应模块以及温差导线、温差信号处理模块和报警器,所述温差感应模块分别布置在每个电池单体的表面,并通过温差导线依次并联或串联连接,所述温差信号处理模块一端通过导线与所述温差感应模块链连接,另一端与所述报警器连接;当所述动力电池组中某个电池单体发生故障温度升高,温度高于其余电池单体时,位于该处的温差感应模块产生一个与温差对应的电信号,同时该温差感应模块的内阻随温度升高而降低,电路在该处结合形成回路,温差信号传送到所述温差信号处理模块,处理后传输给所述报警器发出报警。
优选地,所述温差感应模块包括至少一对电极和电阻值随温度升高而降低的内阻材料以及模块外壳。所述电极的一端或两端延伸出模块外壳,通过温差导线并联或串联连接其他的温差感应模块。
优选地,所述温差感应模块电极是两种导体或半导体,所述电极构成的回路能够利用热电效应将温差信号转换为电信号。
优选地,所述温差感应模块的外壳材料是塑料、金属或玻璃、陶瓷,也可以由其中的两种或三种构成。
优选地,所述温差导线的导体是与所述温差感应模块电极热电效应一致的两种导体或半导体,所述温差导线的导体用绝缘材料隔开。
优选地,所述的信号处理模块可连接一路或多路温差信号。
优选地,所述报警器可设置固定温度差值报警或温差变化速率报警。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明由温差感应模块、温差导线和温差信号处理模块及报警器构成,温差感应模块布置于每一个电池单体处,所有温差感应模块通过温差导线并联或串联连接。当电池组中某个电池单体发生故障,温度升高高于其余电池单体时,该电池单体处温差感应模块会产生一个与该温差对应的电信号,同时,该温差感应模块的内阻会随温度升高而降低,电路在该处结合形成回路,温差信号输出到温差信号处理模块,连接报警器报警。本发明监测了电池组中任一电池单体发生故障时产生的温度差,布置简单,及时准确,具有实用性。
附图说明
图1a为本发明实施例中温差感应模块结构示意图一;
图1b为本发明实施例中温差感应模块结构示意图二;
图2为本发明实施例中一路温差信号系统的布置示意图;
图3为本发明实施例中多路温差信号系统的布置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
请参照图1a,本发明的温差感应模块,包括:
一对电极、内阻材料和外壳,内阻材料1013在电极正极1011和负极1012之间,电极的两端延伸出外壳1014,与其他温差感应模块并联或串联连接。电极材料是Bi2Te3、PbTe、SiGe合金、Pt合金、Ni合金、Au合金、Ag合金、Cu合金、Fe合金中的一种或几种,外壳材料是塑料、金属或玻璃、陶瓷,也可以由其中的两种或三种构成,优选为塑料。
请参照图1b,本发明的温差感应模块,包括:
一对电极、内阻材料和外壳,内阻材料10133在电极正极10111和负极10122之间,电极的一端延伸出外壳10144,与其他温差感应模块并联或串联连接。电极材料是Bi2Te3、PbTe、SiGe合金、Pt合金、Ni合金、Au合金、Ag合金、Cu合金、Fe合金中的一种或几种,外壳材料是塑料、金属或玻璃、陶瓷,也可以由其中的两种或三种构成,优选为塑料。
请参照图2,在本实施中,温差信号处理模块只连接一路温差信号,每一个电池单体(电池11,电池12……电池1n)上布置一个温差感应模块101,温差感应模块通过温差导线102连接,最后通过信号导线103连接温差信号处理模块4和报警器5。当某一块电池单体发生故障温度升高高于其余单体时,该处温差感应模块会产生一个与该温差对应的电信号,同时该温差感应模块内阻下降,电路在该处结合形成回路,温差信号传送到温差信号处理模块,超过报警阈值输出报警信号到报警器报警。
请参照图3,温差信号处理模块还可以连接多路温差信号,监测更多的电池单体,每一路中温差感应模块并联或串联连接,然后一同接入信号处理模块。
综上所述,电池组中电池单体发生故障时该电池单体的温度会升高,本发明通过温差感应模块监测电池组中电池单体的异常温升,温差感应模块处产生与温差对应的电信号,同时温差感应模块内阻随温度升高而降低,电路在该处结合形成回路,温差信号接入到温差信号处理模块,根据设定值输出到报警器,及时报警。本发明布线方便,信号处理简单,具有很强的实用性。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下,对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,仍落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种动力电池故障预警系统,其特征在于,包括:若干温差感应模块以及温差导线、温差信号处理模块和报警器,所述温差感应模块分别布置在每个电池单体的表面,并通过温差导线依次并联或串联连接,所述信号处理模块一端通过导线与所述温差感应模块链连接,另一端与所述报警器连接;当动力电池组中某个电池单体发生故障温度升高,温度高于其余电池单体时,该电池单体处的温差感应模块产生一个与温差对应的电信号,同时该温差感应模块的内阻随温度升高而降低,电路在该处结合形成回路,温差信号传送到所述温差信号处理模块,处理后传输给所述报警器发出报警。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池故障预警系统,其特征在于:所述温差感应模块包括至少一对电极和电阻值随温度升高而降低的内阻材料以及模块外壳,所述电极的一端或两端延伸出模块外壳,通过温差导线并联或串联连接其他的温差感应模块。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力电池故障预警系统,其特征在于:所述温差感应模块电极是两种导体或半导体,所述电极构成的回路能够利用热电效应将温差信号转换为电信号。
4.根据权利要求2所述的动力电池故障预警系统,其特征在于:所述温差感应模块的外壳材料是由塑料、金属或玻璃、陶瓷中的一种、两种或三种构成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池故障预警系统,其特征在于:所述温差导线的导体是与所述温差感应模块电极热电效应一致的两种导体或半导体,所述温差导线的导体用绝缘材料隔开。
6.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池故障预警系统,其特征在于:所述的温差信号处理模块连接一路或多路温差信号。
7.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池故障预警系统,其特征在于:所述报警器设置固定温度差值报警或温差变化速率报警。
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