CN104685177A - 用于车辆排气系统的定量加料器和混合器 - Google Patents

用于车辆排气系统的定量加料器和混合器 Download PDF

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CN104685177A
CN104685177A CN201280076143.XA CN201280076143A CN104685177A CN 104685177 A CN104685177 A CN 104685177A CN 201280076143 A CN201280076143 A CN 201280076143A CN 104685177 A CN104685177 A CN 104685177A
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mixer
dosing unit
exhaust
opening
vehicle exhaust
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CN104685177B (zh
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克里斯·查普曼
爱德华多·阿拉诺
菲利普·纳佩
埃里克·奥塔维亚尼
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Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies USA LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3141—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4314—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor with helical baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/501—Mixing combustion ingredients, e.g. gases, for burners or combustion chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B01F25/31422—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction with a plurality of perforations in the axial direction only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/421—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions by moving the components in a convoluted or labyrinthine path
    • B01F25/422—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions by moving the components in a convoluted or labyrinthine path between stacked plates, e.g. grooved or perforated plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4314—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor with helical baffles
    • B01F25/43141—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor with helical baffles composed of consecutive sections of helical formed elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431974—Support members, e.g. tubular collars, with projecting baffles fitted inside the mixing tube or adjacent to the inner wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/083—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using transversal baffles defining a tortuous path for the gases or successively throttling gas flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
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    • F01N1/087—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases using tangential inlets into a circular chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
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    • F01N1/086—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases
    • F01N1/088—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases using vanes arranged on gas flow path or gas flow tubes with tangentially directed apertures
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种车辆排气系统，包括混合器和定量加料器，该定量加料器将还原剂喷洒到混合器中以便在将混合物引入到下游排气部件中之前使所述还原剂与发动机排气充分混合。定量加料器相对于在定量加料器轴线与理论圆柱面的相交处限定的点切向地定向，该理论圆柱面围绕混合器的中心轴线并且由可变半径限定。

Description

用于车辆排气系统的定量加料器和混合器
背景技术
一种通过各种排气部件对由发动机产生的热排气进行处理以减少排放物并控制噪音的排气系统。该排气系统包括在选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器的上游喷射例如诸如尿素和水的溶液之类的还原剂的喷射系统。混合器位于SCR催化器的上游并对发动机排气和尿素转化的产物进行混合。
定量加料器通常将尿素喷洒到排气流中。在一个已知的构型中，定量加料器安装至混合器的外周表面并且构造成朝向混合器的中央径向向内地引导喷洒。该构型具有尿素沉积物形成增多的缺点。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施方式中，车辆排气系统包括混合器和定量加料器，该定量加料器将还原剂喷洒到混合器中以便在混合物被引入到下游排气部件中之前使还原剂与发动机排气充分地混合。定量加料器沿切向方向安装。
在以上实施方式的另一实施方式中，混合器限定沿着混合器的长度延伸的中心轴线，并且定量加料器限定中心定量加料器轴线，该中心定量加料器轴线相对于在定量加料器轴线与理论圆柱面相交处的点切向地定向，该理论圆柱面围绕中心轴线并由可变半径限定。
在以上实施方式中的任一者的另一实施方式中，混合器包括邻近入口端部的上游挡板和邻近出口端部的下游挡板。上游挡板包括多个开口，所述多个开口中的一个开口比其余开口大，使得大部分的发动机排气流动穿过这一个开口。定量加料器定位在该一个开口的上游并且邻近这一个开口。
在以上实施方式中的任一者的另一实施方式中，这一个开口由内周边缘和与内周边缘径向向外地间隔开的外周边缘限定，并且其中，中心定量加料器轴线沿着大致平行于与混合器的外周表面相切的线的方向延伸。
在以上实施方式中的任一者的另一实施方式中，其中，中心定量加料器轴线距离外周边缘比距离内周边缘近。
在另一示例性实施方式中，车辆排气系统包括第一排气部件、第二排气部件和混合器，该第一排气部件具有用于接收发动机排气的入口，该第二排气部件定位在第一排气部件的下游，该混合器定位在第一排气部件的下游、第二排气部件的上游。混合器具有构造成接收离开第一排气部件的发动机排气的入口端部和构造成将涡旋的发动机排气引向第二排气部件的出口端部。混合器具有邻近入口端部的上游挡板和邻近下游端部的下游挡板，其中，上游挡板包括挡板开口，大部分的发动机排气经由该挡板开口流入到混合器中。定量加料器将还原剂喷洒到混合器中，其中，定量加料器在挡板开口的上游处安装至混合器的外周表面。定量加料器限定中心定量加料器轴线，该中心定量加料器轴线相对于在定量加料器轴线与理论圆柱面相交处的点切向地定向，该理论圆柱面围绕中心轴线并且由可变半径限定。
本申请的这些以及其它特征通过以下说明书和附图将被更好地理解，以下为简略描述。
附图说明
图1示意性地图示了带有根据本发明的混合器的排气系统的一个示例。
图2为图1的混合器的局部部段的侧视图。
图3为图2的混合器的入口端视图。
图4为图2的混合器的出口端立体图。
图5为图2的混合器的俯视图。
图6为混合器的立体图。
图7为混合器的端视图。
图8为混合器的截面图。
图9为一系列定量加料器位置的示意图。
图10示出上游挡板的端视图。
图11示出限定第一平面的混合器的局部截面图。
图12示出限定第二平面的图12的混合器。
具体实施方式
图1示出一种车辆排气系统10，该车辆排气系统10通常通过各种上游排气部件14对由发动机12产生的热的排气进行处理以减少排放物并控制噪音。各种上游排气部件14可包括下述部件中的一个或多个：管、过滤器、阀、催化器、消声器等。在一个示例性构型中，上游排气部件14将排气引导到具有入口18和出口20的柴油氧化催化器(DOC)16中。DOC 16的下游可设置有柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)21，该DPF 21通常用于从排气中移除污染物。DOC 16与可选的DPF21的下游为具有入口24和出口26的选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器22。出口26将排气通至下游排气部件28。可选地，部件22可包括配置成执行选择性催化还原功能和颗粒过滤功能的催化器。各种下游排气部件28可包括下述部件中的一个或多个：管、过滤器、阀、催化器、消声器等。这些上游部件14和下游部件28能够根据车辆用途和可用的封装空间以各种不同的构型和组合来安装。
混合器30定位在DOC 16的出口20或DPF 21的下游、SCR催化器22的入口24的上游。混合器30用于产生排气的涡旋(swirling)运动或旋转运动。可以使用任何类型的混合元件，例如在US2012/0216513中阐述的混合元件，该专利被转让给了本发明的受让人并通过参引结合到本文中。
喷射系统32用于将例如诸如尿素和水的溶液之类的还原剂从SCR催化器22的上游喷射到排气流中使得混合器30能够将尿素和排气充分地混合在一起。喷射系统32通常包括流体源34、定量加料器36、以及控制尿素的喷射的控制器38。
混合器30在图2至图5中更详细地示出。混合器30包括混合器本体，该混合器本体具有入口端部42(图3)和出口端部44(图4)，该入口端部42构造成接收发动机排气，该出口端部44构造成将涡旋的发动机排气和由尿素转化得到的产物的混合物引导到SCR催化器22中。
如在图3至图5中所示，混合器本体包括由外周表面64围绕的上游挡板60和下游挡板62。上游挡板构造成引发排气流的涡旋。混合器还包括朝向混合器30的中心面向内的内周表面52。入口42处的上游挡板60包括大开口66(图3)，该大开口66接收大部分的排气(接收至少60％的排气质量流量(mass flow rate))并且其构造成引发涡旋运动。上游挡板60还包括多个孔眼68，所述多个孔眼68确保排气的最优的均质化并减小背压。下游挡板62包括多个开口70和偏导部72，排气通过所述多个开口70和偏导部72离开。混合物主要通过最大的开口70A离开。能够在US 2012/0216513中找到关于上游挡板60和下游挡板62的操作的另外的细节。
混合器本体的外周表面64包括定量加料器安装区域，该定量加料器安装区域具有用于接纳定量加料器36的开口80。上游挡板60和下游挡板62沿着混合器30的长度在轴向方向上彼此间隔开。用于定量加料器的开口80定位在两个挡板之间使得尿素在开口66的上游的位置处喷洒到涡旋的气流中。
混合器30限定沿着混合器30的长度延伸的中心轴线A1(图5)。定量加料器36限定中心定量加料器轴线A2，该中心定量加料器轴线A2如在图3中示出的相对于混合器30的中心轴线A1切向地——即非径向地——定向。如此，定量加料器36构造成沿远离混合器30的中心的方向喷洒尿素使得尿素在被喷洒时不被朝向中心轴线A1引导而是被朝向混合器30的内周壁引导。因此，定量加料器36构造成朝向内周表面52喷洒还原剂，使得中心定量加料器轴线A2不与混合器的中心轴线A1相交。
定量加料器被安装至外周表面64以通过内周表面52中的开口80(图3)喷洒尿素。定量加料器36被定向成使得喷洒从开口80沿着不与中心轴线A1相交的定量加料器路径朝向对面的壁部82被引导。在喷洒物离开定量加料器36时，喷洒物与涡旋的排气流相结合使得混合物绕中心轴线A1涡旋。
混合器30具有由垂直轴线V和水平轴线H限定的横截面区域，垂直轴线V在垂直平面P1中与中心轴线A1垂直,水平轴线H在水平平面P2中与垂直平面P1和中心轴线A1都垂直。垂直平面P1沿着混合器的长度延伸并将混合器分成左右两半。中心轴线A1沿着将混合器分成上下两半的水平平面P2延伸。
水平轴线H和垂直轴线V将横截面区域分成四个象限Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4。第一象限Q1和第二象限Q2包括关于横截面区域的上半部的上象限，第三象限Q3和第四象限Q4包括关于横截面区域的下半部的下象限。在一个示例中，中心定量加料器轴线A2仅延伸横穿上象限Q1、Q2。这有利于将尿素更有效地引入到涡旋的发动机排气中。
在一个示例中，定量加料器36定位成邻近大开口66并位于大开口66的上游。大开口66例如定位在上象限Q1、Q2中的一个象限中。大开口66由内周边缘90和与内周边缘90径向向外间隔开的外周边缘92限定。在一个示例中，中心定量加料器轴线A2沿大致平行于与外周表面64相切的线的方向延伸。
在一个示例中，中心定量加料器轴线A2距离外周边缘92比距离内周边缘90近。
图6示出了如从入口端部42观察的混合器30的立体图。大开口66由最大开口宽度W(图9)和最大开口高度Ho(图8)限定。开口66具有点C。半径R1能够在各处从内半径R2至外半径R3变化以限定围绕轴线A1的理论圆柱面的范围。如在图9中所示，最大开口宽度W具有在Ri处的最内周缘和在Re处的最外周缘。宽度W＝Re-Ri。
如在图9中示出的，与由R1限定的圆柱面在点C处相切的线100限定了一个可能的定量加料器位置102，其中，线100与定量加料器轴线A2共线。该圆柱半径R1能够相对于开口宽度W进行如下变化：从R2＝R1-1/3W(较小的圆柱面)至R3＝R1+1/3W(较大的圆柱)。如上所述，R1限定围绕轴线A1的理论圆柱面B(图10)。该圆柱面B与上游挡板的边缘表面的相交处限定点Po(图10)。该点Po限定平行于轴线A1并且与圆柱B相切的平面P4(图11)。平面P5限定为垂直于A1(图12)并经过Ho的中点。该平面P5与92之间的相交处限定点Pa。如图12所示限定的起始于轴线A1处并穿过平面P5上的点Pa的线被称为线L。由半径R1限定的圆柱面B与线L的相交处限定点C。
因此，中心定量加料器轴线A2相对于点C切向地定向，该点C由线L与围绕A1的、其半径R1能够从R2至R3变化的圆柱面的相交处限定。如此，点C能够沿着半径边界R2与半径边界R3之间的线L滑动，即，沿线L变化。定量加料器轴线A2与点C相切。
在一个示例中，定量加料器相对于其中心轴线的的位置公差高达30度。图8示出了在一个平面中的0度与30度之间的角度范围β，图9示出在另一平面中的0度与30度之间的角度范围α。
定量加料器36与中心定量加料器轴线A2的定向包括切向构型，该切向构型提供了优于常规的径向安装构型的益处。本切向定量加料器布置更有效地将喷雾引入到涡旋的发动机排气中以提供能够被引入到SCR催化器中的排气与尿素的更充分混合的混合物。另外，切向定向减少了尿素沉积物的形成。
尽管已经公开了本发明的实施方式，但本领域中的普通技术人员将认识到的是某些变型会落入本发明的范围内。出于该原因，应当研究以下权利要求以确定本发明的内容的真实范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种车辆排气系统，包括：
混合器，所述混合器具有构造成接收发动机排气的入口端部和构造成将发动机排气引向下游排气部件的出口端部，并且其中，所述混合器限定沿着所述混合器的长度延伸的中心轴线；以及
定量加料器，所述定量加料器构造成将还原剂喷洒到所述混合器中，所述定量加料器限定中心定量加料器轴线，所述中心定量加料器轴线相对于限定在所述定量加料器轴线与理论圆柱面的相交处的点切向地定向，所述理论圆柱面围绕所述中心轴线并且由可变半径限定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述定量加料器构造成沿远离所述混合器的中心的方向喷洒所述还原剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述混合器具有外周表面和内周表面，并且其中，所述定量加料器构造成朝向所述内周表面喷洒所述还原剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述混合器包括邻近所述入口端部的上游挡板和邻近所述出口端部的下游挡板，并且其中，所述上游挡板包括多个开口，所述多个开口中的一个开口比其余开口大，使得大部分的所述发动机排气流动穿过所述的这一个开口，并且其中，所述定量加料器定位在所述的这一个开口的上游并且邻近所述的这一个开口。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述中心定量加料器轴线沿着大致平行于与所述混合器的外周表面相切的线的方向延伸。
6.根据权利要求4所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述的这一个开口由内周边缘和与所述内周边缘径向向外地间隔开的外周边缘限定，并且其中，所述中心定量加料器轴线距离所述外周边缘比距离所述内周边缘近。
7.根据权利要求4所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述可变半径限定在相对于所述的这一个开口的宽度限定的半径范围内。
8.一种车辆排气系统，包括：
第一排气部件，所述第一排气部件具有用于接收发动机排气的入口；
第二排气部件，所述第二排气部件定位在所述第一排气部件的下游；
混合器，所述混合器定位在所述第一排气部件的下游、且在所述第二排气部件的上游，所述混合器具有构造成接收离开所述第一排气部件的发动机排气的入口端部和将涡旋的发动机排气引向所述第二排气部件的出口端部，所述混合器具有邻近所述入口端部的上游挡板和邻近所述下游端部的下游挡板，所述上游挡板包括挡板开口，大部分的所述发动机排气穿过所述挡板开口流入到所述混合器中，并且其中，所述混合器提供了由从所述混合器的中心轴线向外延伸的可变半径限定的理论圆柱面；以及
定量加料器，所述定量加料器将还原剂喷洒到所述混合器中，所述定量加料器在所述挡板开口的下游处安装至所述混合器的外周表面，并且其中，所述定量加料器限定中心定量加料器轴线，所述中心定量加料器轴线相对于限定在所述定量加料器轴线与所述理论圆柱面相交处的点切向地定向。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述可变半径限定在相对于所述挡板开口的宽度限定的半径范围内。
10.根据权利要求8所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述上游挡板包括多个开口，所述挡板开口包括所述多个开口中的比其它开口大的一个开口。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述挡板开口由内周边缘和与所述内周边缘径向向外地间隔开的外周边缘限定，并且其中，所述中心定量加料器轴线沿着大致平行于与所述混合器的外周表面相切的线的方向延伸。
12.根据权利要求10所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述的这一个开口由内周边缘和与所述内周边缘径向向外地间隔开的外周边缘限定，并且其中，所述中心定量加料器轴线距离所述外周边缘比距离所述内周边缘近。
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US9266075B2 (en) 2016-02-23
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