CN112576345A - 用于受热定量装置的分解管 - Google Patents

用于受热定量装置的分解管 Download PDF

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CN112576345A
CN112576345A CN202011022384.9A CN202011022384A CN112576345A CN 112576345 A CN112576345 A CN 112576345A CN 202011022384 A CN202011022384 A CN 202011022384A CN 112576345 A CN112576345 A CN 112576345A
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dosing device
exhaust gas
perforated tube
conduit
central axis
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CN112576345B (zh
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M·甘地科塔
E·阿拉诺
M·曼迪加纳哈利
S·查纳帕
J·普莱里
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Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies USA LLC
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Abstract

一种车辆排气系统，包括导管，该导管限定了沿着中心轴线延伸的排气气体流动路径，并且其中，导管包括定量装置开口。排气气体后处理部件位于导管下游，并且至少一个定量装置构造成通过定量装置开口将流体注入导管。加热元件在与排气气体混合之前预热流体。穿孔管位于排气气体流动路径内，以包围由定量装置注射的流体。

Description

用于受热定量装置的分解管
背景技术
排气系统包括催化器部件以减少排放。排气系统包括注射系统，注射系统在用于还原Nox排放物的选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器上游注射柴油排气流体(DEF)或还原剂，比如尿素和水的溶液。注射系统包括将流体喷洒入排气流中的定量装置。流体喷雾在到达SCR催化器之前应尽可能转化为氨(NH3)。提供超低NOx排放量需要在低温下定量给料，以解决在冷起动和低负荷循环下还原排放物。由于没有足够的热量，故而在低温下定量给料DEF会带来热解和沉积物形成问题。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中，车辆排气系统包括导管，该导管限定了沿着中心轴线延伸的排气气体流动路径，并且其中，导管包括定量装置开口。排气气体后处理部件位于导管下游，并且至少一个定量装置构造成通过定量装置开口将流体注入导管。加热元件在与排气气体混合之前预热流体。穿孔管位于排气气体流动路径内，以包围由定量装置注射的流体。
在上述的另外的实施例中，混合器位于排气气体后处理部件上游，且位于穿孔管下游。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述混合器包括固定到所述导管的内表面的外带和由所述带支承的多个偏转元件。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述多个偏转元件包括平坦的凸片，所述平坦的凸片的一端与所述带相关联并且相对于所述中心轴线以一定角度延伸到未支承的远端。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述穿孔管包括围绕所述轴线彼此间隔开的多个开口。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述穿孔管的上游部分向所述导管的外部延伸通过所述定量装置开口，并且其中，所述穿孔管的下游部分包括彼此轴向间隔开并延伸到所述穿孔管的出口端的多个开口。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述混合器定位成紧邻所述穿孔管的出口端。
在上述任一项的另外实施例中，所述定量装置沿着平行于所述中心轴线的注射轴线注射。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述给料器沿着不平行于所述中心轴线的注射轴线注射。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述穿孔管由沿着所述穿孔管的长度保持恒定的外直径限定。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述穿孔管由沿着所述穿孔管的长度变化的外直径限定。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述至少一个定量装置包括多个定量装置。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，控制系统基于排气气体温度、背压、时间和磨损中的一项或多项来控制流体的加热和/或流体的注射。
在另一示例性实施例中，车辆排气系统包括导管，所述导管限定沿着限定第一中心轴线的第一部分和限定第二中心轴线的第二部分延伸的排气气体流动路径。所述导管包括定量装置开口。排气气体后处理部件连接到导管的下游端，并且混合器位于排气气体后处理部件上游。混合器包括多个偏转元件。至少一个定量装置将DEF通过所述定量装置开口且在所述混合器上游注入所述导管中。在与排气气体混合之前，加热元件预热DEF，并且在排气气体流动路径内放置穿孔管，以包围定量装置注射的DEF。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述穿孔管包括围绕所述轴线彼此间隔开的多个开口，并且其中，所述多个开口沿着所述穿孔管的长度延伸到所述穿孔管的下游端，并且其中，所述混合器定位为紧邻地所述穿孔管的下游端。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述第一中心轴线与所述第二中心轴线不平行，并且其中，所述定量装置限定了与所述第一中心轴线不平行并且与所述第二中心轴线平行或不平行的注射轴线。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述第一中心轴线与所述第二中心轴线平行，并且其中，所述定量装置限定了与所述第二中心轴线平行或不平行的注射轴线。
在另一示例性实施例中，一种用于将DEF注入排气部件中的方法包括：提供导管，所述导管限定了沿着中心轴线延伸的排气气体流动路径，其中，所述导管包括用于定量装置的定量装置开口；将排气气体后处理部件定位在所述导管下游；将DEF通过所述定量装置开口注入所述导管中；在与排气气体混合之前预热所述DEF；以及将穿孔管定位在所述排气气体流动路径内，以包围由所述定量装置注射的DEF。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述方法包括：将混合器紧邻地定位在所述穿孔管下游并且紧邻所述排气气体后处理部件上游。
在上述任一项的另外的实施例中，所述方法包括：将所述穿孔管形成为包括多个开口，所述多个开口围绕管轴线彼此间隔开并且沿着所述穿孔管的长度彼此轴向间隔开。
从以下的说明和附图中将最好地理解本申请的这些和其他特征，以下是简要描述。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的带有定量装置的排气系统的一个示例。
图2是分解管的一个示例实施例的侧视图。
图3是图2所示穿孔管的侧视图。
图4是图2所示的实施例的端视图。
图5是示出不同注射轴线的实施例的侧视图。
图6是另一实施例的立体图。
图7是另一实施例的示意性侧视图。
图8是另一实施例的示意性侧视图。
图9是穿孔管的另一示例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了车辆排气系统10，如所知的那样，其引导发动机12产生的热排气气体通过各种上游排气部件14以减少排放并控制噪声。在一个示例构造中，上游排气部件14包括至少一个管，该管将发动机排气气体引入一个或多个排气气体后处理部件中。在一个示例中，排气气体后处理部件包括：柴油氧化催化器(DOC)16，其具有入口18和出口20；以及可选的柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)，其用于如已知的那样从排气气体中移除污染物。DOC 16和可选DPF的下游是具有入口24和出口26的选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器22。出口26将排气气体连通到下游排气部件28。可选地，部件22可包括配置成执行选择性催化还原功能和颗粒过滤器功能的催化器。各种下游排气部件28可包括以下一项或多项：管、过滤器、阀、催化器、消声器等。这些上游部件14和下游部件28可以根据车辆应用和可用的封装空间以各种不同的构造和组合安装。
混合器30位于DPF或DOC 16的出口20下游且位于SCR催化器22的入口24上游。例如，上游催化器和下游催化器可以是串联的或并联的。混合器30用于促进排气气体的混合。
注射系统32用于将还原剂(比如柴油排气流体(DEF))注射到SCR催化器22上游的排气气体流中，以使混合器30可以将DEF和排气气体充分混合在一起。如已知的，注射系统32包括流体供源34、定量装置36以及控制流体注射的控制器38。定量装置36将DEF注入混合器30上游。在一个示例中，混合器30包括外带40，其具有上游端42、下游端44和多个偏转元件46(图2)，以将发动机排气气体和DEF的混合物引导到SCR催化器22。
提供超低NOx排放量需要在低温下定量给料，以解决在冷起动和低负荷循环下去除NOx。在低温下定量给料DEF引起热解和沉积物问题，因为通常排气气体中的热量不足以操控(管理)沉积物。为了解决这些问题，在进入混合器30之前，注射系统32加热DEF，这提供了更快的雾化和更好的混合，并且还包括分流装置，比如穿孔管48，其定位在注入的DEF喷雾周围，以最小化喷雾分流并进一步促进混合。使用这种构造进行定量给料和混合减少总体所需的包装空间，提供了较低的热惯性，并更快地转化为氨，同时还在SCR催化器22的上游面上提供更均匀的分布。
在图2中所示的一个公开的示例中，车辆排气系统10包括导管/分解管50，所述导管/分解管50，其限定沿着限定第一中心轴线A1的第一部分52和限定第二中心轴线A2的第二部分54延伸的排气气体流动路径。分解管50可包括具有任何类型截面的管或管道。分解管50包括定量装置开口56，定量装置36通过该定量装置开口56注入DEF。排气气体后处理部件，例如SCR催化器22，连接到分解管50的下游端58。在一个示例中，穿孔板62紧邻催化器的上游端面上游定位，以进一步改善混合。混合器30位于穿孔板62和SCR催化器22上游，并且定量装置36定位成将DEF注入到混合器30上游的分解管50中。定量装置36与加热元件60(图1)相关联，并且用于在与排气气体混合之前预热DEF。可以使用适合于加热DEF的任何类型的加热元件60。在将DEF定量给料到排气系统中之前，在定量装置36中进行对DEF的预热。受热的DEF可以呈液体、气体或两者混合物的形式。穿孔管48位于排气气体流动路径内，以包围由定量装置36注射的DEF(图5)。
穿孔管48限定了如图3中所示的管中心轴线P，并且包括延伸穿过管48的壁厚的多个开口70。各开口70围绕管中心轴线P彼此间隔开。开口70还沿着穿孔管48的长度延伸到穿孔管48的下游端72。在一个示例中，比起在穿孔管48的上游端74中，在下游端72中的开口数量更多。在一个示例中，管48的上游端74的一部分64从分解管50向外延伸。该部分不包括任何开口70。
在一个示例中，混合器30紧邻穿孔管48的下游端72定位。在其它示例中，混合器30可能是不需要的；然而，混合器30是优选的，因为在分解管50的截面上流体和排气气体的混合更加均匀。如上所述，在一个示例性构造中，混合器30包括具有上游端42、下游端44和多个偏转元件46的外带40，如图2－3中所示。外带40固定到分解管50，并且平直构件78(图4)延伸穿过由带40包围的流动路径。偏转元件76包括平坦的凸片，其一端固定到带40的平直构件78，并相对于轴线A2成一定角度延伸到未支承的远端80。凸片可以被定向并且相对于彼此成各种不同的角度。该混合器构造只是可以在穿孔管48下游使用的混合器的一个示例，也可以使用其它类型的混合元件、挡板和/或混合板。
如图5中所示，定量装置36限定了与第二中心轴线A2平行的注射轴线I，或与第二中心轴线A2不平行的注射轴线I’。在图2中所示的示例中，具有第一中心轴线A1的分解管50的第一部分52与具有第二中心轴线A2的分解管50的第二部分54不平行。在一个示例中，第一部分52相对于第二部分54以大致120度定向；然而，也可以使用其它角度配置。此外，在该示例中，注射轴线I不平行于第一中心轴线A1而平行于第二中心轴线A2；然而，注射轴线也可以相对于该轴线成一定角度，即不平行于该轴线。可选地，管弯折的角度可以从第一轴线A1和第二轴线A2同轴的平直管(图7)一直到第一轴线A1和第二轴线A1平行且彼此间隔开的双背管(图8)。
在一个示例中，穿孔管48由沿穿孔管48的长度保持恒定的外直径限定，如图3中所示。在另一示例中，穿孔管48由沿穿孔管48的长度变化的外直径限定，如图9中所示。直径和/或截面区域可以是任何形状，例如圆形、卵形、椭圆形、多边形、圆锥形等，并且可以根据需要而沿长度变化。
图6示出了具有多个定量装置36的示例。各定量装置36可以是相同或不同类型的。此外，定量装置36可以是加热的和不加热的定量装置的任何组合。
控制系统包括控制器38，其基于排气气体温度、背压、时间和磨损中的一项或多项来控制DEF的加热和/或DEF的注射。另外，例如，有多个传感器80可用于确定温度、流率、沉积物形成速率和磨损。
在一个示例中，管可以由钢或其它类似的材料制成并且/或者可以具有可变的材料特性。该管还可以包括双壁管。还可以按需要使用附加的混合元件，比如挡板和/或穿孔板。同样，如果需要，可以将热屏障或水解屏障添加到混合元件。
如上所述，SCR催化器22用于通过使用NH3作为催化还原剂来减少NOx排放。注射系统32注射作为受热DEF流体的NH3。催化还原基于氨分解和SCR活化。这两个动作在较低的温度下很难发生。氨分解的第一步是蒸发DEF流体中的水，该过程称为热解。在混合过程期间，DEF流体从排气热量中吸收了该能量；然而，在较低的温度下，由于排气气体没有足够的能量，因而水不能完全蒸发，这导致沉积物形成的增加。
由于DEF的预热将有助于将DEF雾化成较小直径的颗粒，因此本注射系统32能够以较低的温度来定量给料DEF流体。这将增加从排气气体到液滴的热传递，导致更快的分解。在喷雾注射位置处添加了偏转装置/穿孔管48，以确保排气流不会将已经细小的DEF颗粒朝向分解管50的壁偏转。该穿孔管48还创建了用于DEF与排气的更细的混合区。可选地，上游混合装置可以用于进一步改善DEF与排气气体的混合。此外，分解管加热的定量给料混合器可用于需要在短距离内在水落管中进行混合的不同架构中。这些架构的示例包括处于紧密联接的发动机舱位置的起燃SCR、处于发动机舱位置的起燃紧密联接的DOC、或双定量给料双SCR构造。
尽管已经公开了本发明的实施例，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到某些修改将落入本发明的范围内。因此，应当研究以下权利要求以确定本发明的真实范围和内容。

Claims (20)

1.一种车辆排气系统，包括：
导管，所述导管限定了沿着中心轴线延伸的排气气体流动路径，其中，所述导管包括定量装置开口；
排气气体后处理部件，所述排气气体后处理部件位于所述导管下游；
至少一个定量装置，以通过所述定量装置开口将流体注入所述导管中；
加热元件，以在与排气气体混合之前预热流体；以及
穿孔管，所述穿孔管位于所述排气气体流动路径内，以包围由所述定量装置注射的流体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，包括混合器，所述混合器位于所述排气气体后处理部件上游且位于所述穿孔管下游。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述混合器包括固定到所述导管的内表面的外带和由所述带支承的多个偏转元件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述多个偏转元件包括平坦的凸片，所述平坦的凸片的一端与所述带相关联并且相对于所述中心轴线以一定角度延伸到未支承的远端。
5.根据权利要求2所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述穿孔管包括围绕所述轴线彼此间隔开的多个开口。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述穿孔管的上游部分向所述导管的外部延伸通过所述定量装置开口，并且其中，所述穿孔管的下游部分包括彼此轴向间隔开并延伸到所述穿孔管的出口端的多个开口。
7.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述混合器定位成紧邻所述穿孔管的出口端。
8.根据权利要求2所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述定量装置沿着平行于所述中心轴线的注射轴线注射。
9.根据权利要求2所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述定量装置沿着不平行于所述中心轴线的注射轴线注射。
10.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述穿孔管由沿着所述穿孔管的长度保持恒定的外直径限定。
11.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述穿孔管由沿着所述穿孔管的长度变化的外直径限定。
12.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个定量装置包括多个定量装置。
13.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，包括控制系统，所述控制系统基于排气气体温度、背压、时间和磨损中的一项或多项来控制流体的加热和/或流体的注射。
14.一种车辆排气系统，包括：
导管，所述导管限定沿着限定第一中心轴线的第一部分和限定第二中心轴线的第二部分延伸的排气气体流动路径，并且其中，所述导管包括定量装置开口；
排气气体后处理部件，所述排气气体后处理部件连接到所述导管的下游端；
混合器，所述混合器位于所述排气气体后处理部件上游，其中，所述混合器包括多个偏转元件；
至少一个定量装置，以将DEF通过所述定量装置开口且在所述混合器上游注入所述导管中；
加热元件，以在与排气气体混合之前预热所述DEF；以及
穿孔管，所述穿孔管位于所述排气气体流动路径内，以包围由所述定量装置注射的DEF。
15.根据权利要求14所述的车辆排气系统，其中，所述穿孔管包括围绕所述轴线彼此间隔开的多个开口，并且其中，所述多个开口沿着所述穿孔管的长度延伸到所述穿孔管的下游端，并且其中，所述混合器定位为紧邻地在所述穿孔管的下游端。
16.根据权利要求14所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述第一中心轴线与所述第二中心轴线不平行，并且其中，所述定量装置限定了与所述第一中心轴线不平行并且与所述第二中心轴线平行或不平行的注射轴线。
17.根据权利要求14所述的车辆排气系统，其特征在于，所述第一中心轴线与所述第二中心轴线平行，并且其中，所述定量装置限定了与所述第二中心轴线平行或不平行的注射轴线。
18.一种将DEF注射到排气部件中的方法，包括以下步骤：
提供导管，所述导管限定了沿着中心轴线延伸的排气气体流动路径，其中，所述导管包括用于定量装置的定量装置开口；
将排气气体后处理部件定位在所述导管下游；
将DEF通过所述定量装置开口注入所述导管中；
在与排气气体混合之前预热所述DEF；以及
将穿孔管定位在所述排气气体流动路径内，以包围由所述定量装置注射的DEF。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，包括：将混合器紧邻地定位在所述穿孔管下游并且紧邻所述排气气体后处理部件上游。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，包括：将所述穿孔管形成为包括多个开口，所述多个开口围绕管轴线彼此间隔开并且沿着所述穿孔管的长度彼此轴向间隔开。
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