CN1046780A - 低压蒸汽透平的低压末端叶片 - Google Patents

低压蒸汽透平的低压末端叶片 Download PDF

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CN1046780A
CN1046780A CN90102415A CN90102415A CN1046780A CN 1046780 A CN1046780 A CN 1046780A CN 90102415 A CN90102415 A CN 90102415A CN 90102415 A CN90102415 A CN 90102415A CN 1046780 A CN1046780 A CN 1046780A
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blade
angle
low pressure
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阿朔克·T·帕泰尔
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CBS Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/02—Formulas of curves

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

为电力蒸汽透平的替换低压末端叶片，它与原有设备的末端叶法相比，在长度上延长，使叶片效率更高，为改善流动特性和减少流动损失，在叶片后缘相应延伸了平的面。用叶片中的质量分布来调谐叶片，从而避免自然谐波频率与透平转速频率或谐波一致。为方便安装，对叶片根部做了修改。

Description

本发明涉及蒸汽透平，特别是涉及使透平叶片末级性能最佳的末端叶片。
在过去数年中，为满足电力事业的需要，传统上的做法是建造大型机组，它要求使用增大的排气圈，这样使连续环形区域增加大约25%。以这种带有单级双流路排汽结构的新设计，取代了总的排汽环形面积相同，但带有双流路的低压透平的较陈旧的设计。
在最近数年中，透平机市场已在强调运转机组叶栅的更换，以便延长运转寿命，改进热效率（功率输出和热耗），增加可靠性，补偿设备的降级。此外，目前市场上对现行透平的设计要求升级换型，以便增加可靠性，降低热耗，增加机动性。
蒸汽透平总功的最大部分产生于蒸汽透平的后几级，这是因为后几级长度上的原因。因此，在改善热耗上的潜力最大。由于透平的最末一级是在可变压力比条件下工作，因此，该级的设计极为复杂。如果透平所有的第一级是按部分进气设计，在种种运转条件下将经受类似的变化。除了末级之外，上游低压（LP）透平级同样经历种种运转条件的变化，这是因为：
（1）额定负荷和加负荷的差别;
（2）由于现场预定的排汽压力和偏差与设计值的差别;
（3）各种透平机架的罩壳特性的差别;
（4）由于循环蒸汽条件和循环变化导致的低压（LP）进口汽流;
（5）抽气口的位置;
（6）运转负荷分布（基本负荷与循环的关系曲线）;
（7）分区的或多背压式冷凝器的应用与不分区或单压冷凝器的应用的关系;
由于在透平几个末级带有选定进口角的调谐的、锥形和扭曲的叶片的并不多，上面指出的七个因素对于级的特性有更大的影响。因此希望为低压蒸汽透平设计出的末排叶片，能够满足上述七个因素的要求。
本发明的主要目的是为低压蒸汽透平提供末端叶片，它使末端叶栅的效率达到最佳值。
按照这样的目的，本发明的蒸汽透平叶片的形状是由下述尺寸所限定（英制，公制）：
Figure 901024155_IMG4
Figure 901024155_IMG6
Figure 901024155_IMG7
按照本发明的叶片形成的多个叶片的叶片列形式具有如下特点：
Figure 901024155_IMG8
Figure 901024155_IMG9
这个叶片或这些叶片用于低压蒸汽透平，它在长度上比起用于同样设计的蒸汽透平的现有技术的叶片有所延长。此外，末端叶片与沿着后缘的一个延伸的平面相结合，可以改善流动特性，减少穿过末端叶片的流动损失。末端叶片调谐成三种不同的模式，即：切向方向的振动模式，轴向方向的振动模式，扭转（扭曲）方向的振动模式。叶片被调谐，使它的自然频率与透平运转速度的谐波有所不同。通过改变叶片内质量的分布来调谐叶片，从而改变叶片的自然共振频率。此外，对叶根也做了修改，使之在轮盘下有较大的间隙，便于透平叶片改型时的安装。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面将参照附图对本发明做详细说明。
图1为叶片对旋转法面的横向视图;图中表示出为确定叶片外形的多条断面线;
图2是将图1叶片视图旋转90°;
图3是自断面线B-B的叶片剖视图;
图4是图1自断面线F-F的叶片剖视图;
图5是按照本发明由计算机绘制的一对透平叶片的轮廓视图，并示出了本发明叶片后缘平的程度。
图1显示了叶片对旋转法面的横向视图。在这法面中，叶片10实际上是变截面叶片，它在断面线F-F和B-B处有两个为将叶片与邻近叶片相连接的连接位置，叶片最好四个一组地进行分组，调谐这些叶片组来避免带有多级谐波的切向的、轴向的和扭振形式的共振。通过在叶片中质量的分布来获得调谐，以避免多级谐波共振。调谐同样设计成能避免当频率为透平转速倍数时对频率的激励。在断面线B-B和F-F处的连接位置12、14有内凸台和外凸台，并分别位于叶片基础截面以上28厘米（11英寸）和50厘米（20英寸）处。为简化制造过程，叶片在基部有一个零度锥角。叶片基部部分的轴向宽度为11厘米（4.25英寸），而叶尖部分的轴向宽度为3.1厘米（1.22英寸）。为改善叶片在跨音速时的气动性能，叶片从喉部到叶片后缘设计为直的背弧。这个截面可从计算机绘制的图5中看到，该直的背弧是从叶片A点到B点。从B点到叶片前缘C点，叶片基本上是连续样条函数。
由图2可见叶根包括有多个凸部20，它们是用来将叶片支撑在透平转子的槽中。凸部的半径已被改变，从而提供在轮盘下额外的间隙，以便于叶片易于安装入轮盘的槽中。
图3和图4所示的横截面视图中，22和24为两个凸台，凸台焊接到相邻叶片的相邻凸台上，将叶片连接为四个一组。凸台22位于断面线B-B处，凸台部24位于断面线F-F处。
叶片是这样设计并成组调谐的，使它们的自然频率避免与转子的旋转频率相一致，叶片就是安装在这个转子上的，此外，在各种振动模式下叶片的强度经过数学校验，这样，叶片在共振条件和直到透平运转速度的第二十级谐波的非调谐振动模式下被机械地激励。
通过参阅表Ⅰ可以对叶片有更好的了解，表Ⅰ中列出了图1所示的横截线段的叶片的尺寸。该表中还确定了相邻叶片之间进口和出口。如上所述，在一个实施例中，这些叶片是这样安置的，120个叶片四个为一组形成一个叶片列。间距和进气/排气角准确地确定了叶片的排列。
Figure 901024155_IMG10
Figure 901024155_IMG11
Figure 901024155_IMG12
Figure 901024155_IMG14
Figure 901024155_IMG15

Claims (2)

1、蒸汽透平的叶片，其特征在于，叶片的形状是由下面的尺寸确定的：
位置         (英寸，自根部起)   0.000     2.0010    5.0000     8.0000      11.0000
宽           (英寸)            4.25000   3.98599   3.59000    3.19487     2.80004
弦           ″            4.27696   4.06846   3.80152    3.57532     3.38230
安装角       (度)              5.99407   11.14957  18.87216   26.44029    34.00799
最大厚度     (英寸)            0.49309   0.49336   0.47970     0.44171    0.36554
最大厚度/弦                    0.11528   0.12127   0.12619     0.12354    0.10807
出口角       (度)              37.00990  37.01522  36.77622    36.01430   34.88362
进口金属角   (度)              44.17650  47.84891   51.44978   55.15249   61.38140
进口倾角     (度)              11.40081  16.53943   22.84699   25.47453   25.91233
出口金属角   (度)              36.81575  36.88426   36.67086   35.98107   34.85368
出口倾角     (度)              -.36321   -.26176    -.21057    -.06632    -.05841
背弧弯曲                       0.01252   0.00007    0.00007    0.00006    0.00072
面积         (平方英寸)        1.59755   1.46661    1.24542    1.02627    0.75902
位置         (英寸，自根部起)  13.0000   15.0000    17.0000     20.0000    23.5000
宽           (英寸)            2.53499   2.27502    2.02001    1.63994    1.22000
弦           (英寸)            3.27467   3.18522    3.11362    3.02030    2.98616
安装角       (度)              39.25621  44.50158   49.74360   57.49909   66.50863
最大厚度     (英寸)            0.30734   0.27120    0.25398    0.23791    0.19786
最大厚度/弦                    0.09385   0.08514    0.08157    0.07877    0.06626
出口角       (度)              33.54951  31.98439   30.03656   26.06724   20.73475
进口金属角   (度)              68.72656  84.54536   101.66240  131.52230  156.12210
进口倾角     (度)              24.68350  22.48244   21.19228   17.00538   12.38879
出口金属角   (度)              33.53928  31.97012   30.03510   26.05414   20.72697
出口倾角     (度)              -.02031   -.01361    -.00290    -.00751    -.01513
背弧弯曲                       0.00007   0.00746    0.00002    0.00920    0.00020
面积         (平方英寸)        0.64368   0.54398    0.49239    0.44678    0.38695
位置         (厘米，自根部起)  0.000      5.083     12.700      20.320     27.940
宽           (厘米)           10.795     10.124     9.119      8.115      7.112
弦           ″                   10.863     10.334     9.656      9.081      8.591
安装角       (度)             5.994       11.150    18.872     26.440     34.008
最大厚度     (厘米)           1.252       1.253     1.218      1.122      0.928
最大厚度/弦                   0.115       0.121     0.126      0.124      0.108
出口角       (度)             37.010      37.015    36.776     36.014     34.884
进口金属角   (度)             44.177      47.849     51.450    55.152     61.381
进口倾角     (度)             11.401      16.539     22.847    25.475     25.912
出口金属角   (度)             36.816      36.884     36.671    35.981     34.854
出口倾角     (度)             -0.363      -0.262     -0.211    -0.066     -0.058
背弧弯曲                      0.013       0.000      0.000     0.000      0.001
面积 (厘米2) 10.307 9.462 8.035 6.621 4.897
位置         (厘米，自根部起)  33.020      38.100    43.180     50.800     59.690
宽           (厘米)           6.439       5.779      5.131     4.165      3.099
弦           (厘米)           8.318       8.090      7.909     7.672      7.585
安装角       (度)             39.256      44.502     49.744    57.499     66.509
最大厚度     (厘米)           0.781       0.689      0.645     0.604      0.503
最大厚度/弦                   0.094       0.085      0.082     0.079      0.066
出口角       (度)             33.550      31.984     30.037    26.067     20.735
进口金属角   (度)             68.727      84.545     101.662   131.522    156.122
进口倾角     (度)             24.684      22.482     21.192    17.005     12.389
出口金属角   (度)             33.539      31.970     30.035    26.054     20.727
出口倾角     (度)             -0.020      -0.014     -0.003    -0.008     -0.015
背弧弯曲                      0.000       0.007     0.000      0.009      0.000
面积 (厘米2) 4.153 3.510 3.177 2.882 2.496
2、按照权利要求1所述的蒸汽透平叶片，其特征在于，多个叶片安排为叶片列的形式，其特点如下：
Figure 901024155_IMG2
Figure 901024155_IMG3
CN90102415A 1989-04-27 1990-04-27 低压蒸汽透平的低压末端叶片 Pending CN1046780A (zh)

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US07/344,136 US4900230A (en) 1989-04-27 1989-04-27 Low pressure end blade for a low pressure steam turbine
US344,136 1989-04-27

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KR0152986B1 (ko) 1998-11-16
CA2015562A1 (en) 1990-10-27
IT9020013A0 (it) 1990-04-12
KR900016585A (ko) 1990-11-13
ES2024210A6 (es) 1992-02-16
CA2015562C (en) 1999-12-28
IT9020013A1 (it) 1991-10-12
JPH0361603A (ja) 1991-03-18
US4900230A (en) 1990-02-13
IT1240290B (it) 1993-12-07

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