CN104677426A - Mixed gas temperature/concentration field measuring method and device based on acousto-optic fusion - Google Patents
Mixed gas temperature/concentration field measuring method and device based on acousto-optic fusion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of acousto-optic detection, and in particular relates to a mixed gas temperature/concentration field measuring method and device based on acousto-optic fusion. The mixed gas temperature/concentration field measuring method comprises the following steps: according to a plurality of acoustic waves obtained through measurement and calculation, the acoustic speed of a laser path with fixed wave length during measurement area penetration, and a spectrum integral absorption rate, and with the combination of an index SVD inverse algorithm, confirming the acoustic speed and the spectral absorption coefficient distribution inside a gas two-dimensional area; by virtue of the function relationship between the acoustic speed and the spectral absorption coefficient and the temperature and the concentration of mixed gases, simultaneously reconstructing a temperature field and a concentration field of the mixed gases in the measurement area. According to the mixed gas temperature/concentration field measuring device, two acoustic wave frequencies with narrow bandwidth are adopted to measure the phase difference of transmitting-receiving signals, accurate measurement on the acoustic wave transmission time is achieved, and a fixed spectral integral absorption rate can be obtained according to the ratio of the laser intensity received by a detector and the intensity of incident laser of a collimator. The method and the device can be applied to multiple fields of industrial production and living, and particularly monitoring and control on the combustion process inside a furnace.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to acoustooptical measuring field, particularly relate to a kind of mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement method based on acousto-optic fusion and device.
Background technology
Along with industrialized fast development, gas temperature and concentration of component have become monitoring target indispensable in the fields such as chemical industry toxic gas detection, bioengineering, combustion diagnosis.Special in the combustion process in large-scale thermal power boiler and industrial furnace, due to the reflection combustion process parameter that temperature and concentration is always coupled, if its temperature field and concentration field can be measured accurately simultaneously, will be significant to controlling run operating mode.
In acoustic method thermometric, as far back as 1873, thermal condition under Mayler just proposes also successfully to utilize acoustic method to determine gaseous environment first, but until about the eighties in 20th century, acoustic method thermometry is just formally proposed as a kind of emerging science and technology and is received the concern of scholars and engineering technical personnel, but utilize the method thermometric can be subject to the impact of measure gas concentrations change, and survey in concentration at acoustic method, by Zener the earliest, Landau, the relaxation decay theory of Teller research is used for the measurement of diatomic gas, Schwarz, Kneser proposes SSH theory, collide under the impact of sound wave with gas molecule thus the intramolecule microscopic vibration free energy caused, between rotatably mounted energy and macro molecules translation free energy, the mutual metastasis model of energy explains the acoustic attenuation of gas relaxation, then, SSH theory is successfully applied to analysis polyatomic gas by Tanczos.The beginning of this century, it is theoretical that Northwestern Univ USA Dain, Lueptow etc. have developed SSH, the D-L theory proposed can be used in the measurement of three kinds of polyatomic gas compositions, but due to the complicacy of high temperature rotational relaxation and vibration relaxation vibration mechanism, this theory is still in conceptual phase.
And in optical method, the twentieth century middle period, Schawlow and Townes proposes the principle of design laser instrument, along with the development of semiconductor laser with tunable manufacturing technology, tunable semiconductor LASER Light Source is utilized to become possibility to obtain high-resolution absorption spectrum to nineteen sixties.Goulard etc. first proposed in the eighties and utilize optics reconstruction technique to carry out the research of non-reacting fluid, and foreign study scholar is carrying out a large amount of algorithm researches and experimental analysis based in the gas reconstruction of laser absorption spectroscopy subsequently.Tunable absorption spectroscopy techniques has high sensitivity and degree of accuracy, but tunable equipment itself is expensive, be unfavorable for application, and due to the complicacy of funtcional relationship, algorithmically only can select the iterative algorithms such as genetic simulated annealing for rebuilding while its temperature field concentration field, the real-time of reconstruction can not be guaranteed.
Summary of the invention
Based on the mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement method that acousto-optic merges, comprising:
Step 1, measure the spectrum integral absorptivity of the velocity of sound and the fixed wave length laser propagated in tested region;
Relational model between step 2, the spectrum integral absorptivity setting up also combined sound speed, fixed wave length laser respectively and mixed gas concentration, temperature, proposes and determines mixed gas temperature, concentration coupling model based on acousto-optic fusion simultaneously;
Step 3, in 2 dimensional region, utilize step 1 to obtain the spectrum integral absorptivity information of the velocity of sound and fixed wave length laser, based on index SVD solution of inverse problems algorithm, calculate the spectrum integral absorptivity of the velocity of sound that 2 dimensional region do not exist together and fixed wave length laser; The coupling model that recycling step 2 is set up, realizes calculating the reconstruction of tested 2 dimensional region temperature field and concentration field.
The measuring method of the velocity of sound in described step 1 is: two frequency of sound wave utilizing narrow bandwidth, measures the phase differential of T-R signal, realizes the measurement in travel-time accurately; Calculate corresponding Acoustic Wave Propagation distance according to the installation site of acoustic sensor, the velocity of sound is Acoustic Wave Propagation distance and the business of corresponding acoustic transit time.
The information of the spectrum integral absorptivity of the fixed laser in described step 1 is obtained with corresponding collimating apparatus lasing intensity by laser detector received signal strength.
In described step 2, the velocity of sound is expressed as follows with mixed gas temperature, concentration relationship:
Wherein, c is the velocity of sound, γ
mixfor mixed gas level pressure thermal capacitance and the ratio determining volumetric heat capacity, R is gas law constant, and T is flue-gas temperature, M
mixfor mixed gas average molecular mass; γ
mixand M
mixrelevant with gas composition constituent concentration and temperature.
In described step 2, the spectrum integral absorptivity of fixed wave length laser is expressed as follows with the relational expression between mixed gas temperature, concentration:
Wherein, A is the spectrum integral absorptivity of fixed wave length laser, I
0for incident intensity, I
tfor projection light intensity, ν is laser frequency, and P is the pressure of measurement environment, and L is for absorbing light path, and X is absorbent components concentration, α
vfor absorption coefficient, S
v(T) for measuring the intensity of spectral line used under temperature T; I
0with I
tthe Beer-Lambert law met and S
v(T) expression formula is as follows:
Wherein,
for linear function, meet
q (T) is segmentation function, the fitting of a polynomial of its usable temp T, and h is Planck's constant, and c is the light velocity in vacuum, and E is low-level energy, k
bfor Boltzmann constant, T is measuring tempeature, T
0for reference temperature, S
v(T
0) be reference temperature T
0under line strength.
In described step 3, the do not exist together temperature of mixed gas and concentration of tested two-dimensional space is rebuild simultaneously and is described by following two formulas:
Wherein, L
aBrepresent the sound wave path of A place to B place, L
cDrepresent the sound wave path of C place to D place, t
aBfor the travel-time that sound wave is located from A to B, c (x, y) is the velocity of sound at coordinate (x, y) place, A
cDfor the integration absorptivity that laser is located from C to D, α (x, y) is the absorption coefficient at coordinate (x, y) place.
Based on the mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement device that acousto-optic merges, comprising: acoustic sensor, laser aligner, laser detector, single-chip microcomputer, the first amplifier, two-way switch, acoustic emission end multi-way switch, acoustic receiver end multi-way switch, the second amplifier, phase detecting module, laser controller, LASER Light Source and pedestal, laser chopper, laser shunt, optical fiber, lock-in amplifier, data collecting card, computing machine;
Wherein, laser aligner and the laser detector of multiple acoustic sensor and correspondence is arranged around tested region; Acoustic sensor connects acoustic emission end multi-way switch and sound wave receiving end multi-way switch respectively, acoustic emission end multi-way switch connects two-way switch, phase detecting module, the first amplifier, single-chip microcomputer respectively, acoustic receiver end multi-way switch connects the second amplifier, two-way switch, phase detecting module respectively, and computing machine is connected with single-chip microcomputer with phase detecting module again; Multiple laser aligner and laser shunt pass through Fiber connection, laser shunt, laser chopper, LASER Light Source and pedestal, laser controller connect successively, light source power is controlled by laser controller, and laser detector, lock-in amplifier, data collecting card, computing machine is connected successively.
Described acoustic sensor is transceiver, each acoustic sensor is connected to multi-way switch chip by signal wire, ultrasound wave transmits and to be provided by single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer provides the control signal of two-way switch and multi-way switch simultaneously, two-way switch is responsible for selecting acoustic sensor to complete transmitting or receiving function, and multi-way switch control signal is responsible for the selection of acoustic measurement passage.
Described computing machine sends the enable signal instruction of acoustic measurement, and each measurement result returns computing machine by USB interface data line transfer.
Described laser aligner sends laser, the laser that laser controller control light source sends is divided into some Shu Jiguang through Optical Fiber Transmission to laser aligner by laser shunt after being modulated by chopper, laser after laser detector receiving attenuation is also converted into voltage signal, export lock-in amplifier to after the amplifying circuit carried by inside is amplified, the signal that lock-in amplifier exports imports computing machine into by data collecting card.
The invention provides a kind of new method and the device of rebuilding mixed gas temperature field and concentration field, have following beneficial effect: (1) measuring method proposes first, principle is simple, and gathered the measurement advantage of acoustics and optics, precision is higher.(2) the LASER Light Source cost due to fixed wave length is lower, and the acoustic equipment price of increase is also cheaper, therefore whole system cost is much lower compared with tunable laser detection system.(3) reconstruction of temperature field and concentration field can be completed simultaneously, there is larger engineering significance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is based on the temperature field of acousto-optic fusion method, concentration field measurement apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 (a)-(c) is for rebuild temperature field, concentration field method schematic diagram simultaneously.
Fig. 3 (a)-(b) is measured data of experiment figure.
The temperature field that Fig. 4 (a)-(b) is reconstruction and concentration field pattern.
Wherein, 1-acoustic sensor, 2-laser aligner, 3-laser detector, the tested region of 4-, 5-single-chip microcomputer, 6-first amplifier, 7-two-way switch, 8-acoustic emission end multi-way switch, 9-acoustic receiver end multi-way switch, 10-second amplifier, 11-phase detecting module, 12-laser controller, 13-LASER Light Source and pedestal, 14-laser chopper, 15-laser shunt, 16-optical fiber, 17-lock-in amplifier, 18-data collecting card, 19-computing machine.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of temperature field concentration field measurement method based on acousto-optic fusion and device.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment is elaborated.
Figure 1 shows that based on the temperature field of acousto-optic fusion method, concentration field measurement apparatus structure schematic diagram.In figure, around tested region 4, arrange some acoustic sensors 1 and corresponding laser aligner 2 and laser detector 3.Acoustic module part, acoustic sensor 1 connects acoustic emission end multi-way switch 8 and sound wave receiving end multi-way switch 9 respectively, acoustic emission end multi-way switch 8 connects two-way switch 7, phase detecting module 11, first amplifier 6, single-chip microcomputer 5 respectively, acoustic receiver end multi-way switch 9 connects the second amplifier 10, two-way switch 7, phase detecting module 11 respectively, and computing machine 19 is connected with single-chip microcomputer 5 with phase detecting module 11 again.Optical module part, several laser aligners 2 are connected by optical fiber 16 with laser shunt 15, laser shunt 15 is connected with laser chopper 14, LASER Light Source and pedestal 13, light source power is controlled by laser controller 12, several laser detectors 3 are connected with lock-in amplifier 17, data collecting card 18 and computer 19 successively, and computer 19 receives the digital signal of data collecting card 18.
Each acoustic transceiver is transceiver, it not only can as acoustic emission end but also can as acoustic receiver end, the process of whole acoustic module some sound waves time measurement is as follows: computing machine 19 control single chip computer 5 sends the square-wave signal identical with sonic sensor 1 rated operation frequency, through the first amplifier 6, signal is amplified, and the phase place of now signal is picked up by phase detecting module 11, the transmitting of two-way switch 7 control signal, through multi-way switch 8, the transmitting-receiving of the some acoustic sensors 1 of 9 switch chip antenna array control, the signal received is amplified by the second amplifier 10, two reception selecting switch 7 control signal, phase detecting module 11 picks up the phase place of Received signal strength again, contrast obtains phase information and feeds back to computing machine 19.The measuring process of whole optical module some fixed spectrum integrations absorptivity is that external high frequency sinusoidal modulation signal is input to laser controller 12, open laser controller 12, LASER Light Source and pedestal 13 send laser under laser controller 12 controls, the laser modulated by optical chopper 14 is divided into some roads of phase co-wavelength by laser shunt 15, corresponding collimating apparatus 2 is transferred to by optical fiber 16, in laser and tested region 4, gas interacts, laser after decay is received by laser detector 3 and is converted into voltage signal, and export lock-in amplifier 17 to after being amplified by the inner amplifying circuit carried, the signal exported by lock-in amplifier 17 imports computing machine 19 into by data collecting card 18.The measurement data that computing machine 19 is derived by process phase detecting module 8 and data collecting card 18, utilizes the acousto-optic blending theory proposed to obtain temperature field and the concentration field in tested region 4.
Embodiment
To burn completely in atmosphere the CO obtained with methane
2-H
2o-N
2-O
2mixed gas is example, is shown as with Fig. 2: set up two relational models: the velocity of sound relies on the three-dimensional model of mixed gas temperature, concentration, and fixed wave length laser absorption coefficient relies on the three-dimensional model of mixed gas temperature, concentration.
As Fig. 2 (a), if recording the velocity of propagation of sound wave in mixed gas is c
0, just can do a horizontal section so in the drawings, meet at a line with model, in like manner, be absorbed factor alpha divided by distance by the fixed spectrum integration absorptivity that records
0, also can make an intersection, as Fig. 2 (b).Project on temperature-concentration coordinate by these two intersections again, two projection intersection points are temperature and concentration corresponding to mixed gas as Fig. 2 (c).Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: the new method merging measuring tempeature, concentration according to proposed acousto-optic, for concrete tested gas, calculates the velocity of sound shown in Fig. 2 (a) (b) and fixed wave length absorption coefficient model;
Step 2: the acoustic part measuring system utilizing this patent to propose, the acoustic signals being sent characteristic frequency by Single-chip Controlling controls acoustic emission order by multi-way switch after amplifying, and receiving end receives simultaneously, carries out successively;
Step 3: the opticator measuring system utilizing this patent to propose, is divided into some roads by laser shunt by the laser of fixed wave length, is received by corresponding laser detector through tested region by being sent by collimating apparatus after fiber optic conduction;
Step 4: by phase detecting module and the contrast receiving laser intensity and former laser intensity, the process of acoustic intelligence and optical information is carried out by host computer terminal, extract time diagram 3 (a) in tested region of acoustic signals and laser signal and attenuation results Fig. 3 (b), pass through inversion algorithm again, obtain the velocity of sound and the absorption coefficient of pixel in 2 dimensional region, finally by the computation model that step 1 obtains, the reconstruction achieving temperature field and concentration field calculates.
Step 5: temperature field Fig. 4 (a), the display of concentration field Fig. 4 (b) image are carried out to reconstructed results, exports tested regional temperature and concentration information.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (10)
1., based on the mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement method that acousto-optic merges, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1, measure the spectrum integral absorptivity of the velocity of sound and the fixed wave length laser propagated in tested region;
Relational model between step 2, the spectrum integral absorptivity setting up also combined sound speed, fixed wave length laser respectively and mixed gas concentration, temperature, proposes and determines mixed gas temperature, concentration coupling model based on acousto-optic fusion simultaneously;
Step 3, in 2 dimensional region, utilize step 1 to obtain the spectrum integral absorptivity information of the velocity of sound and fixed wave length laser, based on index SVD solution of inverse problems algorithm, calculate the spectrum integral absorptivity of the velocity of sound that 2 dimensional region do not exist together and fixed wave length laser; The coupling model that recycling step 2 is set up, realizes calculating the reconstruction of tested 2 dimensional region temperature field and concentration field.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the measuring method of the velocity of sound in described step 1 is: two frequency of sound wave utilizing narrow bandwidth, measures the phase differential of T-R signal, realizes the measurement in travel-time accurately; Calculate corresponding Acoustic Wave Propagation distance according to the installation site of acoustic sensor, the velocity of sound is Acoustic Wave Propagation distance and the business of corresponding acoustic transit time.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the information of the spectrum integral absorptivity of the fixed laser in described step 1 is obtained with corresponding collimating apparatus lasing intensity by laser detector received signal strength.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, the velocity of sound is expressed as follows with mixed gas temperature, concentration relationship:
Wherein, c is the velocity of sound, γ
mixfor mixed gas level pressure thermal capacitance and the ratio determining volumetric heat capacity, R is gas law constant, and T is flue-gas temperature, M
mixfor mixed gas average molecular mass; γ
mixand M
mixrelevant with gas composition constituent concentration and temperature.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, the spectrum integral absorptivity of fixed wave length laser is expressed as follows with the relational expression between mixed gas temperature, concentration:
Wherein, A is the spectrum integral absorptivity of fixed wave length laser, I
0for incident intensity, I
tfor projection light intensity, ν is laser frequency, and P is the pressure of measurement environment, and L is for absorbing light path, and X is absorbent components concentration, α
vfor absorption coefficient, S
v(T) for measuring the intensity of spectral line used under temperature T; I
0with I
tthe Beer-Lambert law met and S
v(T) expression formula is as follows:
Wherein,
for linear function, meet
q (T) is segmentation function, the fitting of a polynomial of its usable temp T, and h is Planck's constant, and c is the light velocity in vacuum, and E is low-level energy, k
bfor Boltzmann constant, T is measuring tempeature, T
0for reference temperature, S
v(T
0) be reference temperature T
0under line strength.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3, rebuilds simultaneously be described by following two formulas the do not exist together temperature of mixed gas and concentration of tested two-dimensional space:
Wherein, L
aBrepresent the sound wave path of A place to B place, L
cDrepresent the sound wave path of C place to D place, t
aBfor the travel-time that sound wave is located from A to B, c (x, y) is the velocity of sound at coordinate (x, y) place, A
cDfor the integration absorptivity that laser is located from C to D, α (x, y) is the absorption coefficient at coordinate (x, y) place.
7. the mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement device merged based on acousto-optic, it is characterized in that, comprising: acoustic sensor, laser aligner, laser detector, single-chip microcomputer, the first amplifier, two-way switch, acoustic emission end multi-way switch, acoustic receiver end multi-way switch, the second amplifier, phase detecting module, laser controller, LASER Light Source and pedestal, laser chopper, laser shunt, optical fiber, lock-in amplifier, data collecting card, computing machine;
Wherein, laser aligner and the laser detector of multiple acoustic sensor and correspondence is arranged around tested region; Acoustic sensor connects acoustic emission end multi-way switch and sound wave receiving end multi-way switch respectively, acoustic emission end multi-way switch connects two-way switch, phase detecting module, the first amplifier, single-chip microcomputer respectively, acoustic receiver end multi-way switch connects the second amplifier, two-way switch, phase detecting module respectively, and computing machine is connected with single-chip microcomputer with phase detecting module again; Multiple laser aligner and laser shunt pass through Fiber connection, laser shunt, laser chopper, LASER Light Source and pedestal, laser controller connect successively, light source power is controlled by laser controller, and laser detector, lock-in amplifier, data collecting card, computing machine is connected successively.
8. device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described acoustic sensor is transceiver, each acoustic sensor is connected to multi-way switch chip by signal wire, ultrasound wave transmits and to be provided by single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer provides the control signal of two-way switch and multi-way switch simultaneously, and two-way switch is responsible for selecting acoustic sensor to complete transmitting or receiving function, and multi-way switch control signal is responsible for the selection of acoustic measurement passage.
9. device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described computing machine sends the enable signal instruction of acoustic measurement, and each measurement result returns computing machine by USB interface data line transfer.
10. device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described laser aligner sends laser, the laser that laser controller control light source sends is divided into some Shu Jiguang through Optical Fiber Transmission to laser aligner by laser shunt after being modulated by chopper, laser after laser detector receiving attenuation is also converted into voltage signal, export lock-in amplifier to after the amplifying circuit carried by inside is amplified, the signal that lock-in amplifier exports imports computing machine into by data collecting card.
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| CN111198038A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-26 | 国家能源集团谏壁发电厂 | Online measurement device and method for hearth flame spectral attenuation coefficient distribution |
| CN114127526A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Temperature measurement system and method |
| CN113375827A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-09-10 | 电子科技大学 | Temperature field measurement system based on ultrasonic wave |
| CN113640203A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-12 | 中北大学 | Multi-parameter complicated extreme environment simulation device |
| CN113640203B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-11-24 | 中北大学 | Multi-parameter complex extreme environment simulation device |
| CN113916397A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-11 | 陕西岱南新能源工程有限公司 | Furnace temperature measurement system |
| CN115031863A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-09 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Retardation type total temperature sensor |
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