CN104677426B - Mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement method and device based on acousto-optic fusion - Google Patents
Mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement method and device based on acousto-optic fusion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to acoustooptical measuring field, more particularly to a kind of mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement method and device based on acousto-optic fusion.Some sound wave lines and fixed wave length laser optical path that the method is obtained according to survey calculation pass through the velocity of sound and spectrum integral absorptivity of measured zone, association index SVD inversion algorithms determine the velocity of sound and the spectral absorptance distribution in gas 2 dimensional region, using the velocity of sound and spectral absorptance and mixed gas temperature and the functional relation of concentration, mixed gas are rebuild simultaneously in the temperature field of measured zone and concentration field, the device utilizes two frequency of sound wave of narrow bandwidth, measure the phase difference of receiving and transmitting signal, realize the measurement of accurate acoustic transit time, the ratio between laser intensity and collimater incident laser intensity for being received using detector are fixed spectrum integral absorptivity.Present invention can apply to the multiple fields in industrial production and life, the particularly monitoring and control of boiler combustion process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acousto-optic detection, and particularly relates to a method and a device for measuring a concentration field of a mixed gas temperature field based on acousto-optic fusion.
Background
With the rapid development of industrialization, gas temperature and component concentration have become indispensable monitoring objects in the fields of chemical industry toxic gas detection, bioengineering, combustion diagnosis and the like. Especially for the combustion process in large thermal power generation boilers and industrial furnaces, because the temperature and the concentration always reflect the parameters of the combustion process in a coupling way, if the temperature field and the concentration field can be simultaneously and accurately measured, the method has important significance for controlling the operation working condition.
In the aspect of acoustic temperature measurement, as early as 1873, Mayler firstly proposed and successfully determined the thermodynamic condition in the gas environment by using the acoustic method, however, the acoustic method temperature measurement technology is formally proposed as a new scientific technology and is concerned by various scholars and engineers in the 20 th century or so 80 s, but the temperature measurement by the method is influenced by the change of the measured gas concentration, in the aspect of measuring concentration by an acoustic method, the relaxation decay theory researched by Zener, Landau and Teller is firstly used for measuring the diatomic gas, Schwarz and Kneser propose SSH theory, gas relaxation sound attenuation is explained by using a model of energy mutual transfer among microscopic vibration free energy, rotational free energy and macroscopic molecular translation free energy caused by collision of gas molecules under the influence of sound waves, and then, the SSH theory is successfully applied to the analysis of the polyatomic gas by Tanczos. In the early century, the SSH theory developed by Dain, Luepow and the like of the American northwest university, and the proposed D-L theory can be used for measuring three polyatomic gas components, but is still under research due to the complexity of high-temperature rotational relaxation and vibration relaxation vibration mechanisms.
In terms of optical methods, in the middle of the twentieth century, Schawlow and Townes proposed the principle of laser design, and with the development of tunable semiconductor laser manufacturing technology, it became possible to obtain high-resolution absorption spectra by using tunable semiconductor laser light sources in the sixties of the twentieth century. Goulard et al first proposed the use of optical reconstruction techniques for non-reactive fluid research in the 80 s, followed by a number of algorithmic studies and experimental analyses by foreign researchers in gas reconstruction based on laser absorption spectroscopy. The tunable absorption spectrum technology has high sensitivity and accuracy, but the tunable equipment is expensive and not beneficial to application and popularization, and due to the complexity of the functional relationship, only iterative algorithms such as genetic simulated annealing and the like can be selected for reconstructing the temperature field concentration field of the tunable absorption spectrum technology, and the real-time performance of reconstruction cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
A mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement method based on acousto-optic fusion comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring the sound velocity transmitted in a measured area and the spectral integral absorption rate of laser with fixed wavelength;
step 2, respectively establishing and combining a sound velocity and a relation model between the spectral integral absorption rate of the laser with fixed wavelength and the concentration and temperature of the mixed gas, and providing a coupling model for simultaneously determining the temperature and the concentration of the mixed gas based on acousto-optic fusion;
step 3, in the two-dimensional area, the sound velocity and the spectrum integral absorption rate information of the laser with the fixed wavelength obtained in the step 1 are utilized, and the sound velocity and the spectrum integral absorption rate of the laser with the fixed wavelength at different positions of the two-dimensional area are calculated and obtained on the basis of an index SVD inverse problem solving algorithm; and (3) reconstructing and calculating the temperature field and the concentration field of the measured two-dimensional area by using the coupling model established in the step (2).
The method for measuring the sound velocity in the step 1 comprises the following steps: the phase difference of the receiving and transmitting signals is measured by utilizing two sound wave frequencies with narrow bandwidth, so that the accurate measurement of the propagation time is realized; and calculating the corresponding sound wave propagation distance according to the installation position of the acoustic sensor, wherein the sound velocity is the quotient of the sound wave propagation distance and the corresponding sound wave propagation time.
The information of the spectrum integral absorption rate of the fixed laser in the step 1 is obtained by the intensity of the received signal of the laser detector and the laser emission intensity of the corresponding collimator.
In the step 2, the relationship between the sound velocity and the temperature and concentration of the mixed gas is expressed as follows:
wherein c is the speed of sound, γmixIs the ratio of the constant pressure heat capacity to the constant volume heat capacity of the mixed gas, R is the gas constant, T is the flue gas temperature, MmixIs the average molecular mass of the mixed gas; gamma raymixAnd MmixWith respect to gas constituent concentration and temperature.
In step 2, the relation between the spectral integral absorption rate of the laser with fixed wavelength and the temperature and concentration of the mixed gas is expressed as follows:
wherein A is the spectral integral absorption rate of the laser with fixed wavelength, I0Is the intensity of incident light, ItV is laser frequency, P is pressure of measuring environment, L is absorption optical path, X is absorption component concentration, αvTo absorption coefficient, Sv(T) is the intensity of the line used for the measurement at the temperature T; i is0And ItObeying Beer-Lambert law and SvThe expression of (T) is as follows:
wherein,is a linear function, satisfiesQ (T) is a partition function that can be fit with a polynomial of temperature T, h is the Planck constant, c is the speed of light in vacuum, E is the low-level energy, kBIs the Boltzmann constant, T is the measured temperature, T0Is a reference temperature, Sv(T0) Is a reference temperature T0The line intensity of (b).
In the step 3, the simultaneous reconstruction of the temperature and the concentration of the mixed gas at different positions of the two-dimensional space to be measured is described by the following two formulas:
wherein L isABDenotes the path of the sound wave from A to B, LCDDenotes the path of the sound wave from C to D, tABIs the travel time of the sound wave from A to B, c (x, y) is the speed of sound at coordinates (x, y), ACDFor the integrated absorption of the laser from C to D, α (x, y) is the absorption coefficient at coordinate (x, y).
A mixed gas temperature field concentration field measuring device based on acousto-optic fusion comprises: the system comprises an acoustic sensor, a laser collimator, a laser detector, a single chip microcomputer, a first amplifier, a two-way switch, a sound wave transmitting end multi-way switch, a sound wave receiving end multi-way switch, a second amplifier, a phase detection module, a laser controller, a laser light source and base, a laser chopper, a laser splitter, an optical fiber, a phase-locked amplifier, a data acquisition card and a computer;
a plurality of acoustic sensors, corresponding laser collimators and corresponding laser detectors are arranged around a detected region; the acoustic sensor is respectively connected with an acoustic transmitting end multi-way switch and an acoustic receiving end multi-way switch, the acoustic transmitting end multi-way switch is respectively connected with a two-way switch, a phase detection module, a first amplifier and a single chip microcomputer, the acoustic receiving end multi-way switch is respectively connected with a second amplifier, a two-way switch and a phase detection module, and the computer is connected with the phase detection module and the single chip microcomputer; the laser collimators are connected with the laser splitter through optical fibers, the laser splitter, the laser chopper, the laser light source, the base and the laser controller are sequentially connected, the power of the light source is controlled by the laser controller, and the laser detector, the phase-locked amplifier, the data acquisition card and the computer are sequentially connected.
The acoustic sensors are integrated in a transmitting and receiving mode, each acoustic sensor is connected to the multi-way switch chip through a signal line, ultrasonic transmitting signals are provided by the single chip microcomputer, meanwhile, the single chip microcomputer provides control signals of the two-way switch and the multi-way switch, the two-way switch is responsible for selecting the acoustic sensors to complete transmitting or receiving functions, and the multi-way switch control signals are responsible for selecting acoustic measuring channels.
And the computer sends out an enabling signal instruction of acoustic measurement, and the measurement result is transmitted back to the computer through a USB interface data line each time.
The laser collimator emits laser, the laser controller controls the laser emitted by the light source to be modulated by the chopper and then divided into a plurality of laser beams by the laser branching unit, the laser beams are transmitted to the laser collimator through the optical fiber, the laser detector receives the attenuated laser beams and converts the laser beams into voltage signals, the voltage signals are amplified by the amplifying circuit arranged in the laser detector and then output to the phase-locked amplifier, and the signals output by the phase-locked amplifier are transmitted to a computer through the data acquisition card.
The invention provides a new method and a device for reconstructing a mixed gas temperature field and a mixed gas concentration field, which have the following beneficial effects: (1) the measuring method is put forward for the first time, the principle is simple, the measuring advantages of acoustics and optics are integrated, and the precision is high. (2) Because the cost of the laser light source with fixed wavelength is lower, and the added acoustic equipment is also lower in price, the cost of the whole system is much lower than that of the tunable laser detection system. (3) Can complete the reconstruction of the temperature field and the concentration field at the same time, and has great engineering significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature field and concentration field measuring device based on an acousto-optic fusion method.
FIGS. 2(a) - (c) are schematic diagrams of a method for simultaneously reconstructing a temperature field and a concentration field.
FIGS. 3(a) - (b) are graphs of experimental measurement data.
Fig. 4(a) - (b) are reconstructed temperature and concentration field diagrams.
The system comprises an acoustic sensor 1, a laser collimator 2, a laser detector 3, a tested area 4, a singlechip 5, a first amplifier 6, a bidirectional switch 7, a sound wave transmitting end multi-way switch 8, a sound wave receiving end multi-way switch 9, a second amplifier 10, a phase detection module 11, a laser controller 12, a laser light source 13, a laser chopper 14, a laser splitter 15, an optical fiber 16, a phase-locked amplifier 17, a data acquisition card 18 and a computer 19.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a temperature field and concentration field measuring method and device based on acousto-optic fusion. The preferred embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature field and concentration field measuring device based on an acousto-optic fusion method. In the figure, several acoustic sensors 1 and a collimator 2 for stress light and a laser detector 3 are arranged around a measured area 4. In the acoustic module part, an acoustic sensor 1 is respectively connected with an acoustic wave transmitting end multi-way switch 8 and an acoustic wave receiving end multi-way switch 9, the acoustic wave transmitting end multi-way switch 8 is respectively connected with a two-way switch 7, a phase detection module 11, a first amplifier 6 and a single chip microcomputer 5, the acoustic receiving end multi-way switch 9 is respectively connected with a second amplifier 10, the two-way switch 7 and the phase detection module 11, and a computer 19 is connected with the phase detection module 11 and the single chip microcomputer 5. In the optical module part, a plurality of laser collimators 2 are connected with a laser splitter 15 through optical fibers 16, the laser splitter 15 is connected with a laser chopper 14, a laser light source and a base 13, the power of the light source is controlled by a laser controller 12, a plurality of laser detectors 3 are sequentially connected with a phase-locked amplifier 17, a data acquisition card 18 and a computer 19, and the computer 19 receives digital signals of the data acquisition card 18.
Each acoustic transceiver is a transceiver, which can be used as an acoustic wave transmitting end and an acoustic wave receiving end, and the process of measuring a plurality of acoustic wave time of the whole acoustic module is as follows: the computer 19 controls the singlechip 5 to send out square wave signals with the same rated working frequency as the sound wave sensor 1, the square wave signals are amplified through the first amplifier 6, the phase of the signals at the moment is picked up through the phase detection module 11, the bidirectional switch 7 controls the emission of the signals, the receiving and sending of the plurality of sound sensors 1 are controlled through the multi-way switch 8 and 9 switch chip arrays, the received signals are amplified through the second amplifier 10, the double-selection switch 7 controls the receiving of the signals, the phase detection module 11 picks up the phase of the received signals again, and phase difference information obtained through comparison is fed back to the computer 19. The measuring process of a plurality of fixed spectrum integral absorption rates of the whole optical module is that an external high-frequency sine modulation signal is input into a laser controller 12, the laser controller 12 is opened, a laser light source and a base 13 emit laser under the control of the laser controller 12, the laser modulated by an optical chopper 14 is divided into a plurality of paths with the same wavelength through a laser splitter 15 and is transmitted to a corresponding collimator 2 through an optical fiber 16, the laser interacts with gas in a measured area 4, the attenuated laser is received by a laser detector 3 and is converted into a voltage signal, the voltage signal is amplified through an amplifying circuit arranged in the laser detector and is output to a phase-locked amplifier 17, and the signal output by the phase-locked amplifier 17 is transmitted to a computer 19 through a data acquisition card 18. The computer 19 processes the measurement data derived by the phase detection module 8 and the data acquisition card 18, and obtains the temperature field and the concentration field of the measured area 4 by using the proposed acousto-optic fusion theory.
Examples
CO obtained by complete combustion of methane in air2-H2O-N2-O2The mixed gas is taken as an example, and is shown in figure 2 as: two relationship models are established: the sound velocity depends on the three-dimensional model of the temperature and the concentration of the mixed gas, and the fixed wavelength laser absorption coefficient depends on the three-dimensional model of the temperature and the concentration of the mixed gas.
If the propagation speed of the sound wave in the mixed gas is measured as c, as shown in FIG. 2(a)0Then a horizontal slice can be made in the graph, intersecting the model at a line, and similarly, the absorption coefficient α is obtained by dividing the measured integrated absorbance of the fixed spectrum by the distance0Or as an intersection, as shown in FIG. 2 (b). The two intersection lines are projected on a temperature-concentration coordinate, and the intersection point of the two projections is the temperature and the concentration corresponding to the mixed gas as shown in fig. 2 (c). The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: according to the new method for measuring temperature and concentration by acousto-optic fusion, aiming at specific measured gas, calculating to obtain a sound velocity and fixed wavelength absorption coefficient model shown in figures 2(a) and (b);
step 2: by using the acoustic part measuring system provided by the patent, a single chip microcomputer controls to send out sound wave signals with specific frequency, the sound wave signals are amplified and then controlled by a multi-way switch to be transmitted, and a receiving end receives the sound waves simultaneously and sequentially;
and step 3: by utilizing the optical part measuring system provided by the patent, laser with fixed wavelength is divided into a plurality of paths by a laser splitter, and the paths are transmitted by an optical fiber and then are received by a corresponding laser detector through a measured area after being transmitted by a collimator;
and 4, step 4: through the comparison of the phase detection module and the received laser intensity with the original laser intensity, the computer host terminal processes the acoustic information and the optical information, extracts a time chart 3(a) and an attenuation result chart 3(b) of the acoustic signal and the laser signal in the detected region, obtains the sound velocity and the absorption coefficient of the pixel point in the two-dimensional region through an inversion algorithm, and finally realizes the reconstruction calculation of the temperature field and the concentration field through the calculation model obtained in the step 1.
And 5: the reconstructed result is displayed in a temperature field diagram 4(a) and a density field diagram 4(b) and the temperature and density information of the measured area is output.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A mixed gas temperature field concentration field measurement method based on acousto-optic fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, measuring the sound velocity transmitted in a measured area and the spectral integral absorption rate of laser with fixed wavelength;
step 2, respectively establishing and combining a sound velocity and a relation model between the spectral integral absorption rate of the laser with fixed wavelength and the concentration and temperature of the mixed gas, and providing a coupling model for simultaneously determining the temperature and the concentration of the mixed gas based on acousto-optic fusion;
step 3, in the two-dimensional area, the sound velocity and the spectrum integral absorption rate information of the laser with the fixed wavelength obtained in the step 1 are utilized, and the sound velocity and the spectrum integral absorption rate of the laser with the fixed wavelength at different positions of the two-dimensional area are calculated and obtained on the basis of an index SVD inverse problem solving algorithm; then, the coupling model established in the step 2 is utilized to realize the reconstruction calculation of the temperature field and the concentration field of the measured two-dimensional area;
in the step 3, the simultaneous reconstruction of the temperature and the concentration of the mixed gas at different positions of the two-dimensional space to be measured is described by the following two formulas:
wherein L isABDenotes the path of the sound wave from A to B, LCDDenotes the path of the sound wave from C to D, tABIs the travel time of the sound wave from A to B, c (x, y) is the speed of sound at coordinates (x, y), ACDTo activateIntegrated absorbance of light from C to D, α (x, y) being the absorption coefficient at coordinate (x, y);
the method for measuring the sound velocity in the step 1 comprises the following steps: the phase difference of the receiving and transmitting signals is measured by utilizing two sound wave frequencies with narrow bandwidth, so that the accurate measurement of the propagation time is realized; calculating a corresponding sound wave propagation distance according to the installation position of the acoustic sensor, wherein the sound velocity is the quotient of the sound wave propagation distance and the corresponding sound wave propagation time;
the information of the spectrum integral absorption rate of the fixed laser in the step 1 is obtained by the intensity of a signal received by a laser detector and the laser emission intensity of a corresponding collimator;
in the step 2, the relationship between the sound velocity and the temperature and concentration of the mixed gas is expressed as follows:
wherein c is the speed of sound, γmixIs the ratio of the constant pressure heat capacity to the constant volume heat capacity of the mixed gas, R is the gas constant, T is the flue gas temperature, MmixIs the average molecular mass of the mixed gas; gamma raymixAnd MmixRelated to gas constituent concentration and temperature;
in step 2, the relation between the spectral integral absorption rate of the laser with fixed wavelength and the temperature and concentration of the mixed gas is expressed as follows:
wherein A is the spectral integral absorption rate of the laser with fixed wavelength, I0Is the intensity of incident light, ItV is laser frequency, P is pressure of measuring environment, L is absorption optical path, X is absorption component concentration, αvTo absorption coefficient, Sv(T) is the intensity of the line used for the measurement at the temperature T; i is0And ItObeying Beer-Lambert law and SvThe expression of (T) is as follows:
wherein,is a linear function, satisfiesQ (T) is a partition function that can be fit with a polynomial of temperature T, h is the Planck constant, c is the speed of light in vacuum, E is the low-level energy, kBIs the Boltzmann constant, T is the measured temperature, T0Is a reference temperature, Sv(T0) Is a reference temperature T0The line intensity of (b).
2. The utility model provides a mist temperature field concentration field measuring device based on reputation fuses which characterized in that includes: the system comprises an acoustic sensor, a laser collimator, a laser detector, a single chip microcomputer, a first amplifier, a two-way switch, a sound wave transmitting end multi-way switch, a sound wave receiving end multi-way switch, a second amplifier, a phase detection module, a laser controller, a laser light source and base, a laser chopper, a laser splitter, an optical fiber, a phase-locked amplifier, a data acquisition card and a computer;
a plurality of acoustic sensors, corresponding laser collimators and corresponding laser detectors are arranged around a detected region; the acoustic sensor is respectively connected with an acoustic transmitting end multi-way switch and an acoustic receiving end multi-way switch, the acoustic transmitting end multi-way switch is respectively connected with a two-way switch, a phase detection module, a first amplifier and a single chip microcomputer, the acoustic receiving end multi-way switch is respectively connected with a second amplifier, a two-way switch and a phase detection module, and the computer is connected with the phase detection module and the single chip microcomputer; the laser collimators are connected with the laser splitter through optical fibers, the laser splitter, the laser chopper, the laser light source, the base and the laser controller are sequentially connected, the power of the light source is controlled by the laser controller, and the laser detector, the phase-locked amplifier, the data acquisition card and the computer are sequentially connected;
the acoustic sensors are integrated in a transmitting and receiving mode, each acoustic sensor is connected to a multi-way switch chip through a signal line, ultrasonic transmitting signals are provided by a single chip microcomputer, meanwhile, the single chip microcomputer provides control signals of a two-way switch and the multi-way switch, the two-way switch is responsible for selecting the acoustic sensors to complete transmitting or receiving functions, and the multi-way switch control signals are responsible for selecting acoustic measuring channels;
the computer sends out an enabling signal instruction of acoustic measurement, and each measurement result is transmitted back to the computer through a USB interface data line;
the laser collimator emits laser, the laser controller controls the laser emitted by the light source to be modulated by the chopper and then divided into a plurality of laser beams by the laser branching unit, the laser beams are transmitted to the laser collimator through the optical fiber, the laser detector receives the attenuated laser beams and converts the laser beams into voltage signals, the voltage signals are amplified by the amplifying circuit arranged in the laser detector and then output to the phase-locked amplifier, and the signals output by the phase-locked amplifier are transmitted to a computer through the data acquisition card.
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