CN104673394B - Band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification process and its system - Google Patents
Band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification process and its system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104673394B CN104673394B CN201510057797.3A CN201510057797A CN104673394B CN 104673394 B CN104673394 B CN 104673394B CN 201510057797 A CN201510057797 A CN 201510057797A CN 104673394 B CN104673394 B CN 104673394B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification process and its system, the device structure for solving presence is complicated, and equipment investment and operating cost height, the easy dust stratification of system, stability are poor, the problems such as polluting environment.Technical scheme is that coal dust is passed through in the reative cell of gasification furnace, gasification reaction generates 1200~1650 DEG C of crude synthesis gas in the presence of gasifying agent, the crude synthesis gas rises to the water smoke cooling that nozzle ejection is atomized when above reative cell, then rise through walking the further cooling of the water heat exchange of tube side and shell side in the appendix feeding fire tube boiler with fin panel casing, be re-fed into the further dedusting of Multi-tube cyclone duster, fly-ash filter to dustiness and be less than 1mg/m3, the crude synthesis gas after dedusting, which enters back into economizer and is cooled further to after 220~260 DEG C, enters subsequent processing.Present invention process is simple, coal adaptability is wide, equipment investment cost and operating cost are low, environmentally friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal gasifying process and its system, specifically a kind of band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel
Gasification process and its system.
Background technology
Powdered coal pressuring gasified technology and water coal slurry pressurized gasification technology are the powdered coal pressuring gasified technology of second generation air flow bed.With
Static bed coal gasification technology is compared, and has very prominent advantage in terms of energy-saving and environmental protection and coal adaptability.Compare at present
In advanced second generation gasification process technology, the most representational water coal slurry pressure gasification for GE companies of the U.S. and Cophi Co., Ltd
Technology, SCGP and Siemens GSP the dry powder coal pressure gasification work of Dutch Shell Co. Ltd.
SHELL dry coal powder gasification techniques are mainly characterized by the charging of gasification furnace dry pulverized coal, multiinjector gasification, water-cooling wall liner,
Waste heat boiler is advanced on the coal gas of gasification to be cooled down, the coal gas removing dust after cooling, a portion melts down Quench hot coal
Gas, other synthesis gas enter lower procedure.There are following shortcomings in the technique：1st, device structure is complicated, and manufacture difficulty is big, builds week
Phase is long, and cost is high.Principal element is that waste heat boiler is complicated, Quench recycle gas compressor is valuable, and operating cost is high；2nd, to coal
Plant and have certain limitations, the alkali metal content such as potassium sodium is high in coal, the dust stratification easily in useless pot influences heat transfer efficiency, increases SR
Drop.3.Synthesis gas solids content after ash disposal system ash disposal is generally 5~10mg/Nm3, it is impossible to be directly used in downstream work
Sequence is, it is necessary to which by washing the further ash disposal of workshop section and clarification workshop section, the ash washed is wet ash, it is impossible to recycled.
GSP bed pulverized coal gasification technologies typically use water chilling process, and water consume is big, and grey phosphorus content is high, and efficiency of carbon con version is low, energy consumption
Height, burner short life, it is impossible to meet the requirement that large-scale plant long period is used, the big wet ash of phosphorus content can not be utilized effectively, right
Environment has a negative impact.
The synthesis gas that Coal Gasification Technology is produced is required for carrying out washing and gas-liquid separation, it is necessary to Venturi scrubber, washing
Tower, multiple flash chamber, saturated hot-water tower, large-scale defecator etc., technological process is long, and plant investment is big, take water resource, dirt
Water discharge will produce serious harm to environment.
As can be seen here, although fine coal gasification process has certain advance, but produces chemical products for synthesis gas
Flow how equipment investment, reduction device fabrication cycle are further reduced from technique, shorten technological process, realize that coal is high
Effect conversion, clean utilization, energy-saving and water-saving is the direction that current those skilled in the art are directed to research always.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve above-mentioned technical problem, there is provided a kind of technique is simple, coal adaptability is wide, dedusting
Effect is good, equipment investment is into operating cost is low, environment amenable band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification process.
The present invention a kind of system for above-mentioned technique is also provided, with simple system, equipment investment and operating cost it is low,
Effectively control dust stratification problem, improves the advantage of synthesis gas Quench efficiency.
Present invention process includes coal dust being passed through in the reative cell of gasification furnace, and gasification reaction is generated in the presence of gasifying agent
1200~1650 DEG C of crude synthesis gas, the crude synthesis gas rises to the water smoke cooling that nozzle ejection is atomized when above reative cell
To less than 850 DEG C, then rise the water through walking tube side and shell side in the appendix feeding fire tube boiler with fin panel casing
Heat exchange is further cooled to less than 350 DEG C, is re-fed into the further dedusting of Multi-tube cyclone duster, fly-ash filter to dustiness
Less than 1mg/m3, the crude synthesis gas after dedusting, which enters back into economizer and is cooled further to after 220~260 DEG C, enters subsequent processing.
The water smoke particle diameter that the atomizer sprays is 80~250 μm.
The atomizer and horizontal direction angle are 5~15 DEG C, are angled downward as 5~15 degree, nozzle spray-cone angle 75
~150 degree.
Present system includes gasification furnace, and the top of gasification furnace revolves with fire tube boiler, multitube successively through appendix
Wind deduster, fly-ash filter are connected with economizer, and the appendix has on fin panel casing, the reative cell of the gasification furnace
Side's annular is provided with least one layer of atomizer.
Soot blower is additionally provided with gasification furnace wall between the atomizer and reative cell.
The atomizer and horizontal direction angle are 5~15 DEG C, are angled downward as 5~15 degree, nozzle spray-cone angle 75
~150 degree.
The heat exchanger tube upper end that the fire tube boiler is included in tube side and shell side, the tube side passes through upper through tube head insert
Tube sheet is connected with upper tube box, wherein, the tube head insert is connected by the inserting paragraph with the grafting of heat exchanger tube upper end and with upper tube box
Open section composition, the open section be the horn mouth with ramped shaped inwall, the bell-mouthed two ends are respectively big opening end
With osculum end, the osculum end is connected with the front end of inserting paragraph and inner wall surface is seamlessly transitted.
The section of the big opening end is polygon, and the section at osculum end is circle.
The gradient of the bell-mouthed ramped shaped inwall is 5 ° -20 °.
The section of the big opening end is pentagon or hexagon.
The side that the water smoke that the present invention is sprayed using gasification furnace epimere atomizer is tentatively cooled down to high-temperature crude synthesis gas
Method, instead of the method that the crude synthesis gas after cooling melts down chilling high-temperature synthesis gas, solves using part low temperature crude synthesis gas
Melt down Quench and must configure high Cost Problems and crude synthesis gas circulatory system energy loss caused by large-scale recycle compressor and ask greatly
Topic, so as to considerably reduce investment and operating cost, realizes the purpose in cost efficiency.Using multiclone
Fly-ash filter is coordinated to fully achieve dry method ash disposal, and because synthesis gas is up, grey phosphorus content is low, can be used as high property
The raw material of energy cement, solves environmental issue, it is not necessary to carry out wet scrubbing, reduces the consumption of water.Enter one using economizer simultaneously
Step reclaims heat, reduces temperature so that synthesis gas can be directly entered down-stream system.
Because crude synthesis gas temperature may be up to 1400~1700 DEG C in gasification furnace, to make crude synthesis gas fully be cooled to 850
The intake air temperature requirement of follow-up fire tube boiler is met below DEG C, it is necessary to control the size droplet diameter of the spray film of atomizer ejection,
Make the fully atomization of chilled water needs, with fully contacting for fortified water and synthesis gas, make HTHP crude synthesis gas fast cooling, mist
It is preferably 80~250 μm, more preferably 150-180 μm to change particle diameter.
The gasifying agent is oxygen and/or steam etc., and its addition is operated with reference to the requirement of existing gasification reaction.
Further, for the problem of easy dust stratification, inventor has found in system, dust stratification is primarily present at two, and one is
Below the atomizer for being easily attached to gasification furnace：When being risen to due to crude synthesis gas at atomizer, the water smoke Quench being ejected
Dust in cooling, gas is attached in water smoke to be declined by gravity, easily falls the wall and plate below gasification furnace atomizer
On face, cause local dust stratification.Two be easily to be deposited in dust on the upper perforated plate of fire tube boiler：This is inserted mainly due to tube head
Part is because when arranging, open section protrudes from upper plate pipe, and outside to fill fixed or suit porcelain bushing with castable, this, which is resulted in, pours
Material feeding or porcelain bushing end face easily form dust accretions region, when there is crackle or come off in castable, dust then can be direct
It is deposited on upper perforated plate, makes upper perforated plate heat exchange uneven, even result in the problems such as upper perforated plate is deformed and find.In view of the above-mentioned problems, hair
A person of good sense improved at two, and one is that soot blower is set on the gasification furnace wall between atomizer and reative cell, is promoted wet
Change the dust after cooling to fall into gasification furnace reative cell；Two be that the tube head insert configuration in fire tube boiler is improved,
Avoid dust from falling on upper perforated plate, overcome the various problems brought of dust accretions.
In the present invention, the open section of tube head insert is designed to horn mouth, makes its inwall formation ramped shaped, it is to avoid dust
In big opening end accumulation, the preferably gradient of ramped shaped inwall is more highly preferred to the gradient for 7 ° -15 ° for 5 ° -20 ° in favor of ash discharge.It is described
The inner wall surface at bell-mouthed osculum end and inserting paragraph front end is seamlessly transitted, and is so conducive to the flowing of dusty gas.
The section of the big opening end is polygon, preferably pentagon or hexagon, so, when tube head insert is installed
Afterwards, the two neighboring bell-mouthed big opening end of tube head insert can mutually splice, comprehensively the air inlet face of covering upper perforated plate, without cast
Material or porcelain bushing, leave no gaps or platform, it is to avoid dust deposit is in castable end face or tube sheet between horn mouth and horn mouth
The various problems that surface is brought.
Beneficial effect：
(1), the present invention sprays water smoke to the preliminary Quench of crude synthesis gas progress, Ran Houli using in the atomization nozzle of gasification furnace
Further cooled with fire tube boiler and reclaim heat energy, it is ensured that effective chill effect simultaneously, it also avoid partially synthetic gas and return
The problems such as flowing high energy consumption, the mounting structure complexity that Quench is brought；And atomization Quench crude synthesis gas is used, crude synthesis gas can be promoted
The humidifying of middle bulky grain dust and separation, are greatly decreased the consumption of chilled water.
(2), it can be adopted in water-bath Quench, therefore follow-up dust removal step due to not used in the cooling step of crude synthesis gas
Fly-ash filter is coordinated further to be less than crude synthesis gas dedusting to dustiness using Multi-tube cyclone duster with dry method dust
1mg/m3, can be directly with entering down-stream system.The grey phosphorus content phosphorus content isolated is less than mass percent 5%, being capable of conduct
The raw material of high-performance cement, improves the economic value of byproduct.
(3), the flowing of dust, anti-dust stratification are conducive to by adding soot blower and the structure of tube head insert being improved
Can be good, the service life of system is substantially increased, the adaptability of coal is improved.
(4) present system is stable, equipment investment and production cost are low, technological process is simple, running cost is relatively low, energy-conservation
Water saving, it is environmentally friendly.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present invention process flow chart and system diagram；
Fig. 2 is scheme of installation of the tube head insert in multitubular boiler.
Fig. 3 is tube head insert configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is many tube head insert combination scheme of installations.
Fig. 5 is the scheme of installation of atomizer 10 in gasification furnace 9.
Fig. 6 is the A-A sectional views in Fig. 5.
Wherein, after 1- horn mouths, 1.1- big opening ends, 1.2- osculums end, 1.3- slopes, 2- inserting paragraphs, 2.1- front ends, 2.2-
End, 3- fire tube boilers, 4- upper perforated plates, 5- heat exchanger tubes, 6- tube heads insert, 7- refractory liners, 8- upper tube box, 9- gasification furnaces,
9.1- reative cells, 10- atomizers, 11- soot blowers, 12- Multi-tube cyclone dusters, 13- fly-ash filters, 14- economizers,
15- appendixs.
Embodiment
Explanation is further explained to present system below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The top of gasification furnace 9 through appendix 15 successively with fire tube boiler 3, Multi-tube cyclone duster 12, fly-ash filter
13 are connected with economizer 14, and the appendix 15 has fin panel casing, and the upper annular of reative cell 9.1 of the gasification furnace 9 is set
There is at least one layer of atomizer 10, the atomizer 10 using the two phase flow of Patent No. 200820067507.9 (as being atomized
Spray cooling device) water smoke of liquids and gases mixing can be sprayed to the progress Quench cooling of reacted crude synthesis gas, preferably institute
It is 5~15 DEG C to state atomizer 10 and horizontal direction angle b, and it is 5~15 degree to be angled downward c, nozzle spray-cone angle d for 75~
150 degree, by the angle for controlling atomizer, it is possible to achieve the purpose of high-efficient atomizing, improve the fast true effect of quickly cooling.The atomization
Soot blower 11 is additionally provided with the wall of gasification furnace 9 between nozzle 10 and reative cell 9.1.In addition, being additionally provided with coal in the gasification furnace 9
Powder nozzle, steam jet etc., this is prior art, is not described in detail here.
There is the fire tube boiler 3 upper end of heat exchanger tube 5 in conventional tube side and shell side, the tube side to be inserted through tube head
Part 6 is connected through upper perforated plate 4 with upper tube box 8, wherein, the tube head insert 6 is by the inserting paragraph 2 with the upper end grafting of heat exchanger tube 5
The open section composition connected with upper tube box 8, the open section is the horn mouth 1 with ramped shaped inwall, ramped shaped inwall
Gradient a is 5 ° -20 °, preferably 7 ° -15 °, using the distinctive ramped shaped interior wall construction of horn mouth, expands the sectional area of air inlet simultaneously
Local dust is avoided to accumulate.The two ends of the horn mouth 1 are respectively big opening end 1.1 and osculum end 1.2, the osculum end 1.2 with
The front end 2.1 of inserting paragraph 2 is connected and inner wall surface is seamlessly transitted, and makes the smooth insertion of being passed through under the pleasant body of horn mouth 1 of ash-laden gas
Section 2 is passed through in heat exchanger tube 5.The section of the big opening end 1.1 is polygon, preferably pentagon or hexagon, in the present embodiment
For hexagon, the section at osculum end 1.2 is circle, when so being arranged on upper perforated plate 4, is pressed around each tube head insert 6
Quantity correspondence according to polygon edge splices respective numbers, an equal amount of tube head insert 6, final multiple tube head inserts 6
Horn mouth 1 can all cover the upper perforated plate 4 of air inlet face after splicing, and the drop space between horn mouth 1 and upper perforated plate 4 can facilitate
Use refractory liner 7 fill, pipe sleeve is set with without castable or in addition.Wall thickness≤2mm of the inserting paragraph 2 and horn mouth 1.
During installation, it first will be passed down through upper perforated plate 4 from the rear end 2.2 of the inserting paragraph 2 of tube head insert 6 and insert heat exchanger tube 5, make inserting paragraph
2 are located in heat exchanger tube, and horn mouth 1 is located in the top of upper perforated plate 4, and second polygon tube head insert is inserted in the same way
6 (insertion tube 2 and the horn mouths 1 being attached thereto), adjust orientation so that the big opening end of horn mouth 1 of adjacent two tube head inserts 6
1.1 contacts, and make the mutual cooperation splicing of its polygon edge, clearance control is in≤0.5mm.Above method is repeated, insertion is corresponding
Many tube head inserts 6, the effect after grafting refers to Fig. 3.Between the horn mouth 1 and upper perforated plate 4 of polygon tube head insert 6
Space refractory liner 7 is filled.Dusty gas enters after multitubular boiler 3, by the horn mouth 1 and insertion tube 2 of tube head insert 6
Into the indirect heat exchange of heat exchanger tube 5, the discharge multitubular boiler 3 of heat exchanger tube 5 is gone out after heat exchange.
Technical process：
Dry pulverized coal is mixed together into the reative cell 9.1 of gasification furnace 9 with oxygen and some vapor as gasifying agent,
High-temperature crude synthesis gas is generated in reaction in furnace, temperature is 1200~1650 DEG C, vapor pressure is 1.0~6.5MPa in stove, thick to close
The bottom-up flowing of eddy flow is formed in gasification furnace 9 into gas, the atomization set in the top of gasification furnace reative cell 9.1 by multi-layer annular
80~250 μm of water smoke part cold shocks of the water/gas mixing that nozzle 10 sprays are cooled to less than 850 DEG C, while soot blower 11 is regular
Soot blowing, prevents dust in local deposits；Crude synthesis gas after cooling passes through the appendix 15 with fin panel casing and enters fire-tube type
Boiler 3 obtains less than 350 DEG C of crude synthesis gas and by-product water vapour with the cooling of saturation water indirect heat exchange, then by multi-cyclone point
The solid 100% that particle diameter contained in synthesis gas is more than 5 μm is removed from device 12, then further removed through fly-ash filter 13
Dry ash in crude synthesis gas, the synthesis gas dustiness after ash disposal is less than 1mg/m3, further will synthesis subsequently into economizer 14
Air cooling is used, multicyclone 12 and fly-ash filter to subsequent processing is entered after 220~260 DEG C for lower procedure
13 isolated dry ashes can be used as the raw material of high-performance cement.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification process, it is characterised in that coal dust is passed through to the reative cell of gasification furnace
Interior, gasification reaction generates 1200~1650 DEG C of crude synthesis gas in the presence of gasifying agent, and the crude synthesis gas rises to reaction
The water smoke that nozzle ejection is atomized when above room is cooled to less than 850 DEG C, then rises through the appendix with fin panel casing
The water heat exchange that tube side and shell side are walked in feeding fire tube boiler is further cooled to less than 350 DEG C, is re-fed into multicyclone and removes
The further dedusting of dirt device, fly-ash filter to dustiness is less than 1mg/m3, the crude synthesis gas after dedusting enters back into economizer and enters one
Step, which is cooled to after 220~260 DEG C, enters subsequent processing, and the water smoke particle diameter that the atomizer sprays is 80~250 μm, the mist
It is 5~15 DEG C to change nozzle with horizontal direction angle, is angled downward as 5~15 degree, 75~150 degree of nozzle spray-cone angle.
2. a kind of band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification system, including gasification furnace, it is characterised in that the top of gasification furnace
It is connected successively with fire tube boiler, Multi-tube cyclone duster, fly-ash filter and economizer through appendix, the gas transmission pipe
There is a fin panel casing, the reative cell upper annular of the gasification furnace is provided with least one layer of atomizer, the atomizer and anti-
Answer and soot blower is additionally provided with the gasification furnace wall between room, the atomizer and horizontal direction angle are 5~15 DEG C, are dipped down
Angle is 5~15 degree, and 75~150 degree of nozzle spray-cone angle, the fire tube boiler includes changing in tube side and shell side, the tube side
Heat pipe upper end is connected through tube head insert through upper perforated plate with upper tube box, wherein, the tube head insert by with heat exchanger tube upper end
The inserting paragraph of grafting and the open section composition connected with upper tube box, the open section is the horn mouth with ramped shaped inwall, institute
It is respectively big opening end and osculum end to state bell-mouthed two ends, and the osculum end is connected with the front end of inserting paragraph and inner wall surface is smooth
Transition.
3. band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the big opening end
Section is polygon, and the section at osculum end is circle.
4. band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described bell-mouthed
The gradient of ramped shaped inwall is 5 ° -20 °.
5. band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the big opening end
Section is pentagon or hexagon.
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| CN201510057797.3A CN104673394B (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2015-02-04 | Band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification process and its system |
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| CN201510057797.3A CN104673394B (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2015-02-04 | Band Waste Heat Recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification process and its system |
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| CN104673394B true CN104673394B (en) | 2017-07-25 |
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| CN104987894B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2019-01-18 | 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司 | The tapping equipment and method of solid particle in a kind of coal gas containing tar |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USH1325H (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-07-05 | Shell Oil Company | One stage coal gasification process |
| CN101161792B (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2010-11-17 | 上海惠生化工工程有限公司 | Heat recovering technique for synthetic gas production process by coal gasification |
| CN101302445A (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2008-11-12 | 综合能源有限公司 | Exhaust-heat boiler for fluidized bed coal gasification |
| WO2010022096A2 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-25 | Syngest, Inc. | Method for converting biomass into synthesis gas using a pressurized multi-stage progressively expanding fluidized bed gasifier followed by an oxyblown autothermal reformer to reduce methane and tars |
| CN102041106B (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2014-07-09 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Gasification method of carbon-containing solid raw material and used reactor |
| DE102010045537A1 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-15 | Uhde Gmbh | Process for the production of synthesis gas |
| CN102827640A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2012-12-19 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Partially-chilled dry coal powder or coal water slurry gasification system and gasification process |
| CN204434562U (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-07-01 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Band waste heat recovery dry-powder solid fuel gasification system |
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