CN104663421B - A kind of selection of the good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar of applicable North of Hunan growth - Google Patents
A kind of selection of the good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar of applicable North of Hunan growth Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of selection of the good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar of applicable North of Hunan growth, step under: one, stock is done in the high-quality Growth of Camellia oleifera strain gathering Wuling Shan Mountain hills, with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " sprout as scion, two, simultaneously, stock is done in the high-quality Growth of Camellia oleifera strain gathering Xuefeng Shan Mountain hills, with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " sprout as scion, three, oil tea elite plant is selected from the camellia oleifera lam of Wulin tomb seedling and snowy peak seedling, select two strain Superior lines as parent from some elite plants, male parent and female parent each other, allow it hybridize, four, Second Year will preferably hybridize oil tea planting seed, determine that through 56 years 13 the superiors are as maternal plant；Five, make stock with the Seed of Camellia oleifera seedling of North of Hunan local farmers, carry out propagation by grafiting, afforestation by the sprout of above-mentioned maternal plant.The kind of seed selection of the present invention, best in quality and stable；This kind is tree-like compact, and leaf is the most dark green, belongs to high yield, stable yields type；Disease resistance is strong, leaf, the most rare disease.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seed selection of oil tea, the selection of the good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar of a kind of applicable North of Hunan growth.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oliefera Abel.) is that to refer to seed fat content in Camellia higher and have the general name of species that growth condition is worth, for China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds.
Camellia seed oil is China's distinctive quality plant grease, its main component is the unrighted acid based on oleic acid and linoleic acid, in addition camellia seed oil is possibly together with a kind of physiologically active ingredient squalene, camellia seed oil has been identified it is healthy high-quality edible oil, and cosmetics, the quality raw materials oil of the series particular industry purposes product such as medicinal.
Along with development and the raising of living standards of the people of national economy, the demand of branded oil tea-seed oil is grown with each passing day by domestic and international market.High-quality, the seed selection of oil tea new lines of high yield, be the basic guarantee meeting people to a large amount of quality plant oil demands.There is large-area camellia oleifera lam in North Down area, Hunan, but is chronically at nature procreation and low level management state owing to oil tea produces, and causes variety deterioration, oil quality is the highest, yield is the lowest, every mu of oil tea oil-producing only about 5Kg, and the fundamental solution that oil tea produces is to improve the breed.
The North of Hunan hills in Hunan Province is between north latitude 28 °～30 °, there is Dongtinghu Plain in east, there are Wuling Shan Mountain (between the Lishui River and Yuanjiang) and the hills Yu Mai of Xuefeng Shan Mountain (between money river and Yuanjiang) in west, separation by two mountain ranges, form the Lishui River, Yuanjiang and Zi Jiang to south from north, these three rivers flow into the Changjiang river from west to east longitude Dongting Lake.North of Hunan belongs to subtropical zone and moistens monsoon climate, and summer is hot, and winter is cold, average temperature of the whole year 16.7 DEG C, year precipitation 1200～1900mm, 272 days frost-free periods, soil property is south of the River red soil.
No. 3 camellia oleifera cultivar of the soft skill in Cenxi that Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region forest-science academy cultivates, oil tea product per mu tea fruit 1000 kilograms, per mu yield tea oil more than 40 kilogram, for traditional category oil production ten times；No. 3 camellia oleifera cultivar of the soft skill in Cenxi were planted experimentally at North of Hunan in the last few years, but owing to being not suitable with the North of Hunan weather clammy compared with Guangxi low temperature and soil, disease is more, yields poorly；Peasant suffers from the good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar that can not find an applicable North of Hunan growth.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the selection of the good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar of a kind of applicable North of Hunan growth.
The selection of good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar of this applicable North of Hunan growth, it is characterised in that step under:
One, gather Wuling Shan Mountain hills, stock is done in the high-quality Growth of Camellia oleifera strain of height above sea level 200-300m, with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " sprout as scion, in autumn, winter, stock is carried out cutting strunk and stays stake, cutting strunk stubble height overhead 10 20cm；After season of growth spring next year, the a large amount of adventitious bud of priority in batches can sprout and form coppice shoot on the stub of cutting strunk, May, point high on each stub, in, position, the end, the sturdy semi-lignified coppice shoot choosing 23 different directions supplies grafting, erases remaining coppice shoot；It is fabricated to the scion of leaf one bud by oil tea " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " the spring tip sprout of the close semi-lignified of degree of lignification and stock, blocks in stock coppice shoot base portion 12 joint position, carry out cleft grafting, wrap up with film or toothpaste after connecing, make interface coincide；After scion survives, new oil tea seedling entitled Wulin tomb seedling；
Two, simultaneously, stock is done in collection Xuefeng Shan Mountain hills, the high-quality Growth of Camellia oleifera strain of height above sea level 200-300m, as scion, carries out grafting by the method for above-mentioned " " with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " sprout, after cladus survives, and new oil tea seedling entitled snowy peak seedling；
Three, from the camellia oleifera lam of Wulin tomb seedling and snowy peak seedling, selecting oil tea elite plant through 5-6, the standard that elite plant selects is: (1) unit are hat width fruit yield >=2Kg/m2, (2) diseased fruit rate, sick leaf rate≤3%, (3) skin depth≤3mm, (4) crotch angle >=30 °, (5) yield biennial bearing variation≤40%；
From some elite plants, select there are two strain Superior lines of exemplary advantage complementation feature as parent, male parent and female parent each other, carry out artificialpollination, allow it hybridize, from the fruit that the two preferred strains of strain are tied, preferably hybrid seed 100-200 grain；
Four, Second Year will preferably hybridize oil tea planting seed, with susceptible situation, its nursery stock be carried out screening according to growth situation year by year and eliminates, determine that 1-3 the superior is as maternal plant through 5-6；
Five, make stock with the given birth to seedling of Seed of Camellia oleifera of North of Hunan local farmers, carry out propagation by grafiting by the sprout of above-mentioned maternal plant, cultivate the seedlings of life in 2 years, after seedlings are grown up, afforestation of can going up a hill.
The invention have the advantage that and make stock with North of Hunan this locality seedling, with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " branch as scion, then select two fine individual plants to be parent, hybridized by artificial pollination, through the kind of long-term breeding, best in quality and stable；This kind is tree-like compact, and leaf is the most dark green, the thick shape of sprig, and bud is the fullest, and Flowers distribution is uniform, belongs to high yield, stable yields type；Disease resistance is strong, leaf, the most rare disease.
Detailed description of the invention
As follows to the detailed description of the invention below by specific embodiment:
The selection of good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar of this applicable North of Hunan growth, step under:
One, in Lixian County, changde, hunan province city, gather Wuling Shan Mountain hills, stock is done in the high-quality Growth of Camellia oleifera strain of height above sea level 200-300m, with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " sprout as scion, in autumn in 1996, winter, stock is carried out cutting strunk and stay stake, cutting strunk stubble height overhead 10 20cm；After the season of growth in spring in 1997, the a large amount of adventitious bud of priority in batches can sprout and form coppice shoot on the stub of cutting strunk, in May, 1997, point high on each stub, in, position, the end, the sturdy semi-lignified coppice shoot choosing 23 different directions supplies grafting, erases remaining coppice shoot；It is fabricated to the scion of leaf one bud by oil tea " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " the spring tip sprout of the close semi-lignified of degree of lignification and stock, blocks in stock coppice shoot base portion 12 joint position, carry out cleft grafting, wrap up with film or toothpaste after connecing, make interface coincide；After scion survives, new oil tea seedling entitled Wulin tomb seedling；
Two, simultaneously, in Dingcheng district, changde, hunan province city, stock is done in collection Xuefeng Shan Mountain hills, the high-quality Growth of Camellia oleifera strain of height above sea level 200-300m, with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " sprout as scion, grafting is carried out by the method for above-mentioned " ", after cladus survives, new oil tea seedling entitled snowy peak seedling；
Three, from the camellia oleifera lam of Wulin tomb seedling and snowy peak seedling, selecting oil tea elite plant through 5 years, the standard that elite plant selects is: (1) unit are hat width fruit yield >=2Kg/m2, (2) diseased fruit rate, sick leaf rate≤3%, (3) skin depth≤3mm, (4) crotch angle >=30 °, (5) yield biennial bearing variation≤40%；
From some elite plants, selected there are two strain Superior lines of exemplary advantage complementation feature as parent in 2002, male parent and female parent each other, carry out artificialpollination, allow it hybridize, from the fruit that the two preferred strains of strain are tied, preferably hybrid seed 200；
Four, within 2003, will preferably hybridize oil tea planting seed, and its nursery stock be carried out screening according to growth situation year by year with susceptible situation and eliminates, determine that in 2008 2 the superiors are as maternal plant；
Five, 2009, make stock with the given birth to seedling of the Seed of Camellia oleifera of North of Hunan local farmers, carry out propagation by grafiting by the sprout of above-mentioned maternal plant, cultivate the seedlings of life in 2 years, after seedlings are grown up, afforestation of can going up a hill.
Going up a hill in Lixian County, Changde and afforest 1000 mu, 2014 start large result, and new varieties are grown up soon, yield is high, it is long to abound with the phase.Oil tea growing way is especially good.New varieties oil tea product per mu tea fruit 994 kilograms in 2014, per mu yield tea oil 39 kilograms, for 10 times of traditional category oil production.
Claims (1)
1. the selection of the good quality and high output camellia oleifera cultivar of an applicable North of Hunan growth, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
One, gather Wuling Shan Mountain hills, stock is done in the high-quality Growth of Camellia oleifera strain of height above sea level 200-300m, with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " sprout as scion, in autumn, winter, stock is carried out cutting strunk and stays stake, cutting strunk stubble height overhead 10 20cm；After season of growth spring next year, the a large amount of adventitious bud of priority in batches can sprout and form coppice shoot on the stub of cutting strunk, May, point high on each stub, in, position, the end, the sturdy semi-lignified coppice shoot choosing 23 different directions supplies grafting, erases remaining coppice shoot；It is fabricated to the scion of leaf one bud by oil tea " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " the spring tip sprout of the close semi-lignified of degree of lignification and stock, blocks in stock coppice shoot base portion 12 joint position, carry out cleft grafting, wrap up with film or toothpaste after connecing, make interface coincide；After scion survives, new oil tea seedling entitled Wulin tomb seedling；
Two, simultaneously, stock is done in collection Xuefeng Shan Mountain hills, the high-quality Growth of Camellia oleifera strain of height above sea level 200-300m, as scion, carries out grafting by the method for above-mentioned " " with " the soft skill in Cenxi 3 " sprout, after cladus survives, and new oil tea seedling entitled snowy peak seedling；
Three, from the camellia oleifera lam of Wulin tomb seedling and snowy peak seedling, selecting oil tea elite plant through 5-6, the standard that elite plant selects is: (1) unit are hat width fruit yield >=2Kg/m2, (2) diseased fruit rate, sick leaf rate≤3%, (3) skin depth≤3mm, (4) crotch angle >=30 °, (5) yield biennial bearing variation≤40%；
From some elite plants, select there are two strain Superior lines of exemplary advantage complementation feature as parent, male parent and female parent each other, carry out artificialpollination, allow it hybridize, from the fruit that the two preferred strains of strain are tied, preferably hybrid seed 100-200 grain；
Four, Second Year will preferably hybridize oil tea planting seed, with susceptible situation, its nursery stock be carried out screening according to growth situation year by year and eliminates, determine that 1-3 the superior is as maternal plant through 5-6；
Five, make stock with the given birth to seedling of Seed of Camellia oleifera of North of Hunan local farmers, carry out propagation by grafiting by the sprout of above-mentioned maternal plant, cultivate the seedlings of life in 2 years, after seedlings are grown up, afforestation of can going up a hill.
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| CN105613052B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2019-04-02 | 贵州科睿捷信息技术有限公司 | A kind of sweet osmanthus grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN106718548A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 潘伟平 | A kind of stingless Chinese pricklyash seeding cultivating method |
| CN115956450A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-14 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Method for improving quality of olive grafted saplings |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101438675A (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-27 | 湖南长生生物工程股份有限公司 | Method for breeding hybrid variety of Camellia oleifera |
| CN101773045A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-07-14 | 李子辉 | Complete oil-tea camellia wildwood variety improvement method |
| CN102210236A (en) * | 2010-04-03 | 2011-10-12 | 常德市林业科学研究所 | Method for establishing oil-tea camellia cutting orchard by virtue of low-position stem pruning, sprouting and cut grafting |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101438675A (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-27 | 湖南长生生物工程股份有限公司 | Method for breeding hybrid variety of Camellia oleifera |
| CN101773045A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-07-14 | 李子辉 | Complete oil-tea camellia wildwood variety improvement method |
| CN102210236A (en) * | 2010-04-03 | 2011-10-12 | 常德市林业科学研究所 | Method for establishing oil-tea camellia cutting orchard by virtue of low-position stem pruning, sprouting and cut grafting |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "低产油茶林改造四法";甄平南;《农家之友》;19941231(第10期);第12页 * |
| "岑溪市软枝油茶采穗圃营建技术研究";陈智明等;《科技创新导报》;20121231(第25期);第142-143页 * |
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