CN104660021A - 逆变器的预充电电路 - Google Patents

逆变器的预充电电路 Download PDF

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CN104660021A
CN104660021A CN201410666133.2A CN201410666133A CN104660021A CN 104660021 A CN104660021 A CN 104660021A CN 201410666133 A CN201410666133 A CN 201410666133A CN 104660021 A CN104660021 A CN 104660021A
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inverter
capacitor device
bus capacitor
charge
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裵胎奭
李在纹
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LS Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
    • H02H9/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off limiting inrush current on switching on of inductive loads subjected to remanence, e.g. transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the input circuit, e.g. transients in the DC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers

Abstract

本发明公开了一种逆变器的预充电电路，该逆变器的预充电电路包括：布置在整流器的输出节点和直流侧电容器的输入节点之间的继电器；以及布置在整流器的输出节点和逆变器单元的输入节点之间的预充电电阻器，从而能够获得对于PCB设计的自由度。

Description

逆变器的预充电电路
技术领域
根据本公开的示例性实施例的教导大体上涉及逆变器的预充电电路。
背景技术
通常，逆变器是配置为将输入的交流电变换为具有预定频率和电压的直流电的电力变换装置。图1是示出根据现有技术的逆变器的电路图。
参照图1，逆变器200通过整流器210从三相交流电源100接收三相交流电而将三相交流电变换为直流电，将电力存储在直流侧电容器230中，通过逆变器单元240将直流电变换为具有预定频率的交流电并且向三相电动机300供给交流电。
逆变器200为VVVF(变压变频)系统，并且通过根据PWM(脉冲宽度调制)输出而改变电压和频率来控制电动机300的转速。本文的逆变器系统设置有预充电电路220。
预充电电路作用为防止由输入至逆变器220的浪涌电流产生的过电流并且还防止元件的介电击穿。预充电电路220的预充电电阻器221仅当逆变器的初始电力输入时工作，并且在正常状态下通过使电流转向继电器222来防止充电电阻器的不必要的电力损耗。
图2是示出预充电电路220和直流侧电容器230的详细电路图。
参照图2，输入电流通过整流器210按节点P1、节点P2和节点DCP的顺序传输。此时，节点P1和节点P2经由导线连接。
在预充电电路的情况下的电流路径中，电流通过预充电电阻器221传输，并且在正常工作的情况下电流通过继电器222传输。也就是，在预充电时由预充电电阻器221、节点DCP和直流侧电容器230形成电流路径，而在正常工作时由继电器222、节点DCP和直流侧电容器230形成电流路径。因为当产生包括有臂直通(arm shoot-through)的过电流时，电流从节点DCP通过分路电阻器231流至节点DCPI，从而在正常工作时的电流路径执行过电流保护。
然而，因为在上述电路中预充电电阻器221连接在节点P2和DCP之间，所以在预充电时电流通过只存在的一条路径，在该路径上电流必须通过节点DCP。然而，由于电流必须通过节点DCP，其结果是，当预充电电路设计在印刷电路板(PCB)上时，产生相当大的限制障碍。
发明内容
本公开提供一种逆变器的预充电电路，其配置为通过在逆变器的预充电电路上设置除了单电流路径之外的另一条路径来提供在PCB上的自由度。
在本公开的一个总体方案中，提供一种逆变器的预充电电路，所述逆变器包括有整流器、直流侧电容器、逆变器单元和在所述直流侧电容器和逆变器单元之间的分路电阻器，所述预充电电路包括：继电器，其布置在整流器的输出节点和直流侧电容器的输入节点之间；以及预充电电阻器，其布置在整流器的输出节点和逆变器单元的输入节点之间。
在本发明的一些示例性实施例中，所述预充电电阻器可以在直流侧电容器预充电时工作。
在本发明的一些示例性实施例中，预充电时的电流路径可以连接至预充电电阻器、分路电阻器和直流侧电容器。
在本发明的一些示例性实施例中，当直流侧电容器完成预充电时，所述继电器可以工作于正常状态下。
在本发明的一些示例性实施例中，正常状态期间的电流路径可以连接至继电器和直流侧电容器。
本公开的示例性实施例具有如下有益效果：实现了不同于传统电流路径的另一条电流路径从而对于实现预充电电路的设计师的方面来说获得了在PCB设计上的自由度。
附图说明
图1是示出根据现有技术的逆变器的电路图；
图2是示出图1的预充电电路和直流侧电容器的详细电路图；
图3是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的逆变器的电路图；
图4是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的预充电电路和直流侧电容器的详细电路图。
具体实施方式
下文将参照图示一些示例性实施例的附图来更具体地描述多种示例性实施例。本发明的概念可以多种不同的形式体现，但并不被示出的示例性实施例所限制。更确切地，所描述的方案旨在涵盖所有落在本公开的范围和新颖概念的替代例、改进例、变型例和等同例。
下文中将参照附图详细描述本公开的示例性实施例。
图3是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的逆变器的电路图。
参照图3，逆变器2可以是这样的装置：其配置为通过从三相电源单元1接收电力而将三相交流电源1的电力变换为预定频率和电压的电力，并向三相电动机3提供电力。逆变器2可以包括整流器10、预充电电路20、直流侧电容器30和逆变器单元40。分路电阻器可以串联插接在直流侧电容器30和逆变器单元40之间来使逆变器40受到过电流输入保护。
整流器能够将从三相电源单元1输入的交流电压整流为直流电压，并且直流侧电容器30能够用通过整流器10整流的电压来充电。在直流侧电容器中充入的电压可以通过逆变器单元40变换为具有预定电压和频率的交流电压并提供给三相电动机2。
根据本公开的预充电电路可以包括预充电电阻器21和继电器22。根据本公开的预充电电阻器21可以布置在整流器10的输出节点A和逆变器单元40的输入节点B之间。这样的配置不同于布置在整流器10的输出节点A和直流侧电容器30的输入节点C之间的传统的预充电电路。
此外，继电器可以布置在整流器10的输出节点A和直流侧电容器30的输入节点C之间。
再次参照图3，P可以代表在预充电时的电流路径，并且S可以代表在正常状态时的电流路径。虽然在预充电时通过预充电电阻器21的电流可以传输至直流侧电容器30，但在传统的方法中在正常状态时电流经由继电器22传输至直流侧电容器30。
因此，本公开的示例性实施例使得能够实现在预充电时与传统电流路径不同的另一条电流路径，使实现预充电电路的设计师得到在PCB设计上的自由度。
图4是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的预充电电路和直流侧电容器的详细电路图。
参照图4，在图2的传统电路中的连接在节点P2和节点DCP之间的预充电电阻器21可以布置在节点P141和节点DCPI 42之间。在预充电时的电流可以按节点DCPI 42、分路电阻器31和直流侧电容器30的路径传输，并且正常状态时的电流按继电器22、节点DCP 43和直流侧电容器30的路径传输。
虽然在根据本公开的电路改变之后在分路电阻器31上增加了电流路径，但因为分路电阻器一般为mΩ的单位，因而对预充电电路几乎没有影响。因此，本公开的示例性实施例通过实现不同于根据现有技术的电流路径的路径，对于实现预充电电路的设计师的方面来说能够获得在PCB设计上的自由度。
虽然已参照前述实施例和有益效果详细描述了本公开，在权利要求书的界限内，本领域的技术人员可以创造大量其他的替代例、改进例和变型例。因此，应理解上述实施例并不被上述描述和图示的任何细节所限制，除非另外特别说明，否则应根据所附的权利要求中定义的范围宽泛地理解。

Claims (5)

1.一种逆变器的预充电电路，所述逆变器包括有整流器、直流侧电容器、逆变器单元和在所述直流侧电容器和逆变器单元之间的分路电阻器，所述预充电电路包括：
继电器，其布置在整流器的输出节点和直流侧电容器的输入节点之间；以及
预充电电阻器，其布置在整流器的输出节点和逆变器单元的输入节点之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预充电电路，其中，所述预充电电阻器在直流侧电容器预充电时工作。
3.根据权利要求2所述的预充电电路，其中，预充电时的电流路径连接至预充电电阻器、分路电阻器和直流侧电容器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的预充电电路，其中，当直流侧电容器完成预充电时，所述继电器工作于正常状态下。
5.根据权利要求4所述的预充电电路，其中，所述正常状态期间的电流路径连接至继电器和直流侧电容器。
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