CN104659804A - Micro power grid with hybrid energy storage, and control method of micro power grid - Google Patents
Micro power grid with hybrid energy storage, and control method of micro power grid Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H02J3/386—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention relates to a micro power grid with hybrid energy storage and a control method of the micro power grid. A hybrid energy storage system based on a super capacitor and a storage battery is connected in parallel onto the micro power grid, and a hybrid energy storage device is controlled in a fuzzy sliding mold control mode. By adopting the control method, not only are fluctuation power of combined micro-grids and fluctuation power of disassociated micro power grids in load switching realized, but also smooth switching of combined micro-grids/disassociated micro power grids of the system can be achieved, so that the stability of the system is improved, and the superiority of the control method is further verified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor and the control method thereof that contain hybrid energy-storing, belongs to micro-capacitance sensor and utilizes technical field.
Background technology
For meeting the demand of sustainable development in energy utilization strategy, renewable energy power generation technology was paid close attention to greatly and was made some progress in the last few years.Regenerative resource being applied in micro-capacitance sensor is a major action, but the system inertia of micro-capacitance sensor is less, regenerative resource is by the impact of natural conditions, power stage has intermittence and randomness, and therefore the access of this kind of power supply can bring certain negative effect to the stability of system cloud gray model and power supply reliability.When micro-capacitance sensor runs, often by stable output powers such as diesel engine generator, miniature gas turbine, fuel cells and capacity larger controllable type micro battery system is regulated, be used for maintaining system voltage and frequency stabilization.Consider for Financial cost, adopt and control that energy storage device stabilizes micro-grid system power fluctuation flexibly, is easily an optimal selection at present.By regulating the input and output of energy storage device power, fluctuation and the non-predictive of system power can be suppressed to a certain extent, realize microgrid stable and reliable.
But the access of the non-controlled micro battery of multiple intermittence and controllable type micro battery, with control, huge challenge is proposed to the operation of micro-capacitance sensor.The power supply quality how improving micro-capacitance sensor and the schedulability be incorporated into the power networks have become a current important topic.Micro-capacitance sensor is when operationally network configuration changes or breaks down, by carrying out cooperation control to each distributed micro battery and energy storage device, to ensure under any circumstance to provide high-quality electric energy to bulk power grid and load, therefore the quality of control mode directly affects economic performance and the technical performance of micro-capacitance sensor.Some documents adopted droop control mode to the operation of microgrid and control both at home and abroad in recent years, but each distributed electrical source power can not obtain an equitable breakdown when islet operation, easily produce in dynamic process that larger power oscillation, Systematical control ring controling parameters are complicated, power shortage in the handoff procedure of controlled micro-source and grid-connectedly all await solving from smooth transition system instability under network operation pattern.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention
When for micro-capacitance sensor, operationally network configuration changes or breaks down, how to coordinate relation between each micro battery, to ensure under any circumstance to provide high-quality electric energy to bulk power grid and load, the present invention proposes a kind of micro-capacitance sensor and the control method thereof that contain hybrid energy-storing.
Technical scheme
A kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: it is in parallel with load that photovoltaic cell connects DC/AC current transformer, blower fan is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load, and photovoltaic cell and fan parallel-connection are connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; It is in parallel with load that fuel cell connects DC/AC current transformer, and be connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; Gas turbine is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; Diesel engine is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; Ultracapacitor is connected with DC/AC inverter respectively by DC/DC current transformer with storage battery, and in parallel with load, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; Ac bus is connected with electrical network by circuit breaker.
A grid control method as mentioned above containing hybrid energy-storing, is characterized in that: micro-capacitance sensor grid-connected, from net and take over seamlessly in process, by controlling hybrid accumulator discharge and recharge, carry out power back-off to micro-capacitance sensor running status, step is as follows:
(1), micro-capacitance sensor is when being incorporated into the power networks, be that electrical network and load are powered using micro-for non-controllable type source as main power source, the micro-source of controllable type and microgrid disconnect, now the micro-source of non-controllable type adopts PQ to control, storage battery and ultracapacitor carry out discharge and recharge to micro-capacitance sensor simultaneously, and carry out cooperation control according to the reasonable distribution of system fluctuation power to hybrid accumulator current transformer;
(2), micro-capacitance sensor grid-connected from network operation take over seamlessly and load switching time, adopt ultracapacitor to stabilize power fluctuation in the switching process of controlled micro-source, storage battery is used for the stable of maintenance system overall performance by discharge and recharge; Now energy storage device outer shroud adopts droop control mode, and inner ring adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode;
(3), micro-capacitance sensor when from network operation, using micro-for controllable type source as microgrid main power source, adopt VF to control to maintain micro-capacitance sensor voltage and frequency stabilization, now the micro-source of non-controllable type and microgrid disconnect.
Hybrid accumulator inverter adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode, adoption rate method for handover control switches bus current error and current error rate of change, obfuscation is carried out to switching function and switching function differential simultaneously, after fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, eventually pass fuzzy controller to obtain exporting controlled quentity controlled variable, and control object is controlled.
Hybrid accumulator DC two way convertor adopts the double-closed-loop control pattern of voltage inter-loop and electric current outer shroud, and electric current outer shroud is by fast dynamic response, and voltage inter-loop mainly maintains output voltage stabilization, and produces suitable bucking voltage enhancing output voltage stability.
Advantage and effect
The present invention proposes a kind of micro-capacitance sensor and the control method thereof that contain hybrid energy-storing, tool has the following advantages:
1, will be applied in micro-capacitance sensor based on ultracapacitor and batteries synthesis mixed energy storage system, and overcome the defect of single energy storage, improve the useful life of energy storage device, reduce cost of investment.
2, the control mode of fuzzy sliding mode is adopted to hybrid accumulator inverter, to stabilize micro-grid connection fluctuating power comparatively traditional control method have and stabilize effect preferably.
3, the control mode of fuzzy sliding mode is adopted, microgrid is shortened from net switching load and grid-connected/off-grid time interval taken over seamlessly, compared with traditional control method, there is stronger antijamming capability and recovery capability, thus system dynamic stability is improved, the superiority of this control method of checking further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the micro-capacitance sensor structure chart containing hybrid energy-storing;
Fig. 2 is PQ control structure block diagram;
Fig. 3 is VF control structure block diagram;
Fig. 4 is droop control structure chart;
Fig. 5 is hybrid accumulator inverter control structures figure;
Fig. 6 is Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller control structure figure;
Fig. 7 is hybrid accumulator control block diagram;
Fig. 8 is for containing mixed energy storage system micro-capacitance sensor simulation model;
Fig. 9 is double-fed blower fan whole day output pulsation power diagram;
Figure 10 is photovoltaic cell whole day power output figure;
Figure 11 is that hybrid accumulator adopts the conventional and grid-connected power contrast's curve chart of fuzzy sliding mode tracking control scene;
Figure 12 is ultracapacitor and storage battery grid-connected fluctuating power curve chart;
Figure 13 is somewhere whole day load chart;
Figure 14 is controlled micro-source whole day active power schematic diagram;
Figure 15 is that ultracapacitor and storage battery are from net fluctuating power curve chart;
Figure 16 is for containing the controlled micro-source of hybrid energy-storing from net whole day active power schematic diagram;
Figure 17 is off-grid system bus frequency diagram;
Figure 18 is off-grid system busbar voltage schematic diagram;
Figure 19 grid-connectedly turns island bus three-phase voltage schematic diagram;
Figure 20 is that isolated island turns grid-connected bus three-phase voltage schematic diagram;
Figure 21 grid-connectedly turns island bus frequency diagram;
Figure 22 is that isolated island turns grid-connected bus frequency diagram;
Figure 23 is that micro-grid system takes over seamlessly bus frequency diagram;
Figure 24 is that ultracapacitor and storage battery take over seamlessly process power curve of cyclical fluctuations figure in system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further:
The present invention relates to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor and the control method thereof that contain hybrid energy-storing, mixed energy storage system based on ultracapacitor and storage battery is connected in parallel on micro-capacitance sensor, fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode is adopted to control hybrid accumulator, the micro-capacitance sensor simulation model in hybrid energy-storing and how micro-source is contained at Matlab/simulink platform building, by concrete Example Verification, this algorithm has good steady-state behaviour and dynamic property, thus makes microgrid obtain controlling more accurately.
The present invention is a kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: it is in parallel with load Load1 that photovoltaic cell PV connects DC/AC current transformer, blower fan wind is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load Load2, and photovoltaic cell and fan parallel-connection are connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F1; It is in parallel with load Load4 that fuel cell FC connects DC/AC current transformer, and be connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F3; Gas turbine MT is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load Load5, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F4; Diesel engine DE is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load Load6, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F5; Ultracapacitor Supercapacitor is connected with DC/AC inverter respectively by DC/DC current transformer with storage battery Battery, and in parallel with load Load3, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F2; Ac bus is connected with electrical network Grid by circuit breaker Q F.
This grid control method containing hybrid energy-storing of the present invention, micro-capacitance sensor grid-connected, from net and take over seamlessly in process, by controlling hybrid accumulator discharge and recharge, carry out power back-off to micro-capacitance sensor running status, step is as follows:
(1), micro-capacitance sensor is when being incorporated into the power networks, be that electrical network and load are powered using micro-for non-controllable type source (wind-driven generator, photovoltaic cell) as main power source, the micro-source of controllable type (diesel engine generator, miniature gas turbine, fuel cell) and microgrid disconnect, now the micro-source of non-controllable type adopts PQ to control, storage battery and ultracapacitor carry out discharge and recharge to micro-capacitance sensor simultaneously, and carry out cooperation control according to the reasonable distribution of system fluctuation power to hybrid accumulator current transformer;
(2), micro-capacitance sensor grid-connected from network operation take over seamlessly and load switching time, adopt ultracapacitor to stabilize power fluctuation in the switching process of controlled micro-source, storage battery is used for the stable of maintenance system overall performance by discharge and recharge; Now energy storage device outer shroud adopts droop control mode, and inner ring adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode;
(3), micro-capacitance sensor when from network operation, using micro-for controllable type source as microgrid main power source, adopt VF to control to maintain micro-capacitance sensor voltage and frequency stabilization, now the micro-source of non-controllable type and microgrid disconnect.
Hybrid accumulator inverter adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode, this control algolithm adoption rate method for handover control switches bus current error and current error rate of change, obfuscation is carried out to switching function and switching function differential simultaneously, after fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, eventually pass fuzzy controller to obtain exporting controlled quentity controlled variable, and control object is controlled.
Hybrid accumulator DC two way convertor adopts the double-closed-loop control pattern of voltage inter-loop and electric current outer shroud, and electric current outer shroud is by fast dynamic response, and voltage inter-loop mainly maintains output voltage stabilization, and produces suitable bucking voltage enhancing output voltage stability.
The general principle of micro-grid system:
Micro-capacitance sensor structure
This micro-capacitance sensor is made up of the micro-source of non-controllable type (wind-driven generator (Wind), photovoltaic cell (PV)) and the micro-source of controllable type (diesel engine generator (DE), miniature gas turbine (MT), fuel cell (FC)) and hybrid accumulator (ultracapacitor and storage battery).Each micro-source to be connected to bus by current transformer and in parallel with corresponding load, and micro-capacitance sensor is connected with bulk power grid by PCC point.Containing mixed energy storage system micro-capacitance sensor structure chart as shown in Figure 1.
Micro-capacitance sensor Energy control mode
Micro-capacitance sensor is when being incorporated into the power networks, and be that electrical network and load are powered using photovoltaic cell and wind-driven generator as main power source, controllable type micro-source diesel engine generator, miniature gas turbine, fuel cell and microgrid disconnect.Because the voltage of micro-capacitance sensor and frequency are supported by bulk power grid, now PQ is all adopted to control photovoltaic cell and wind-driven generator.Because controllable type micro-source non-time grid-connected power output has fluctuation, consider from reducing discharge and recharge number of times and improving the angle in useful life, by the mixed energy storage system that ultracapacitor and storage battery form, adopt droop control mode to realize the power fluctuation stabilizing micro-capacitance sensor, thus improve the quality of power supply of micro-grid connection.
Micro-capacitance sensor is when from network operation, and using micro-for controllable type source as microgrid main power source, adopt VF to control to maintain micro-capacitance sensor voltage and frequency stabilization, now the micro-source of non-controllable type and microgrid disconnect.Power fluctuation can be produced when the micro-source of switching controllable type according to workload demand, because ultracapacitor power factor (PF) is larger, therefore adopt ultracapacitor to stabilize power fluctuation in the switching process of controlled micro-source, storage battery is used for the stable of maintenance system overall performance by discharge and recharge.Now energy storage device adopts droop control mode.Concrete control structure block diagram as shown in figs. 2 to 4.
Mixed energy storage system control method:
Because ultracapacitor and storage battery functional characteristic have complementarity, adopt rational control mode not only to reduce stability that cost of investment more effectively can improve system.Micro-capacitance sensor, when being incorporated into the power networks, adopts the common coordinative role of hybrid accumulator to stabilize system fluctuation power; Micro-capacitance sensor by grid-connected to carry out from network operation switching and system from network process during switching load, namely the power shortage occurred when switch switches responds rapidly by super capacitor to be filled up, and then can be born by storage battery from main power source during net even running.This is not only avoided the performance deficiency existed when adopting separately wherein a kind of energy storage, and also avoid when adopting single energy storage is realize taking over seamlessly the power or capacity additional configuration that increase simultaneously, thus reduces cost of investment.Hybrid accumulator, by rational control mode, is more conducive to improving the stability of a system.
Energy storage device inverter control mode
Fuzzy control does not rely on the mathematical models of controlled device, and can overcome the impact of non-linear factor, has stronger robustness to the parameter being conditioned object.But Fuzzy Controller Parameters through repeatedly trying to gather and could determine, need can not carry out stable and comprehensive analysis.Sliding mode variable structure control is a kind of robust control method solving nonlinear Control problem, mainly for the treatment of the inexactness of modeling.But variable structure control system is due to the impact of the non-ideal factor such as switching over, the system failure, makes sliding mode easily produce high frequency and buffet.Control pluses and minuses and correlation between fuzzy control and sliding formwork, the two is combined into Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller herein and is applied in hybrid accumulator, its control structure block diagram as shown in Figure 5.
Sliding formwork is adopted to control to overcome parameter uncertainty and external disturbance.According to previous experiences design fuzzy controller, adopt fuzzy control method can alleviate the buffeting problem of sliding formwork control.A closed loop fuzzy sliding-modes controller as shown in Figure 6.This controller can make meritorious and reactive power maintenance constant output.This fuzzy sliding mode tracking control algorithm is switched error and error rate by sliding mode controller exactly, obfuscation is carried out to switching function and switching function differential simultaneously, after fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, eventually pass fuzzy controller to obtain exporting controlled quentity controlled variable u, and control object is controlled.
Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller input current reference value i
* d, i
* qcalculating formula as the formula (1).Wherein u
d, u
qbe respectively bus active voltage and reactive voltage, P, Q are respectively three-phase bus active power and idle merit detected value.
Inverter output voltage and line voltage are kept synchronous by phase angle by phase-locked loop pll, and its object makes system power error keep minimum and the correcting vector of the voltage of synthesis.Error current definition as the formula (2).
Rate of change de (t) of bus three-phase dq shaft current error e (t) and error as the formula (3).Its sampling time T=1ms.
The design of switching function s (k) is such as formula (4):
Adoption rate method for handover control also meets sliding mode existence condition and carries out Controller gain variations, and Controller gain variations is such as formula (5):
u＝(αe(t)+βde(t))·sgn(s(t))（5）
Use a two-dimensional fuzzy controller, sliding formwork control variables u is by Rule Design of Fuzzy Control.Make s (t), ds (t) for fuzzy variable and as the input of fuzzy controller.Fuzzy variable Δ u is as the output of fuzzy controller.According to fuzzy control theory, fuzzy set design is as follows:
s={NB,NS,ZO,PS,PB}；
ds={NB,NM,NS,ZO,PS,PM,PB}；
Δu={NB,NM,NS,ZO,PS,PM,PB}；
Wherein the fuzzy domain of fuzzy variable s (t), ds (t), Δ u is [-1,1].Corresponding fuzzy language NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}, represent respectively negative large, in negative, negative little, zero, just little, center, honest.Fuzzy variable adopts triangular form membership function.The fuzzy rule base of active power Reactive Power Control is designed as shown in table 1-2 according to previous experiences.
Table 1 electric current is gained merit error delta i
dinput fuzzy rule
Table 2 electric current reactive power error Δ i
qinput fuzzy rule
Energy storage device DC/DC current transformer control mode
Hybrid accumulator control block diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 4.Ultracapacitor and storage battery adopt DC/DC current transformer to control respectively, thus make ultracapacitor and accumulator cell charging and discharging and mutual switching controls have more flexibility, and energy storage device passes through on high-tension side control when discharging, be conducive to keeping the stable of DC bus-bar voltage.In the configuration of stored energy capacitance, micro-capacitance sensor grid-connected from network operation and mutually in handoff procedure, stored energy capacitance only need ensure micro-capacitance sensor important load normal power supply, therefore the capacity amount that storage battery needs configure only need meet important load and power, and ultracapacitor is in order to ensure seamlessly transitting of switching, the capacity configured must meet the power requirement of all loads in micro-capacitance sensor.
Because duty ratio d is determined by the make-and-break time of switching tube, therefore can realize energy two-way transmission by the make-and-break time of control switch pipe and control.Guarantee that DC bus-bar voltage is stable to take over seamlessly have important function to realizing micro-capacitance sensor, the output voltage controlling ultracapacitor and storage battery respectively by reversible transducer herein fluctuates to suppress DC bus-bar voltage.Because the voltage transfering function of reversible transducer when the constant voltage output state of boost mode exists the zero point of RHP in s territory, then system belongs to non minimum phase system, open-loop unstable.For stable DC busbar voltage, adopt the double-closed-loop control pattern of voltage inter-loop and electric current outer shroud herein.Electric current outer shroud is by fast dynamic response, and voltage inter-loop mainly maintains output voltage stabilization, and produces suitable bucking voltage enhancing output voltage stability.Outer shroud current parameters carries out power division by bus power difference PH through low pass filter, and obtain through PI computing.
Micro-grid load switching and mutually switching controls:
In micro-capacitance sensor running, main experience is grid-connected, from net, and load switching and take over seamlessly several state, therefore adopt rationally effective control mode to be vital to micro-capacitance sensor stable operation, the design of concrete control method is as follows herein:
1) when micro-grid connection is run, the micro-source of non-controllable type adopts PQ to control, and controlled micro-source disconnects.Now storage battery and ultracapacitor carry out discharge and recharge to micro-capacitance sensor simultaneously, and carry out cooperation control according to the reasonable distribution of system fluctuation power to hybrid accumulator current transformer, to realize grid-connected power interface close-target value.
2) system switching load or by grid-connected to from net state handoff procedure, adopt ultracapacitor to carry out electric discharge and fill up rapidly microgrid power vacancy.First ultracapacitor is switched to discharge condition by floating charge state, controls the switching of ultracapacitor according to ultracapacitor port voltage, the two-way inverter of hybrid accumulator is switched to V/F controlled discharge pattern by charge mode simultaneously.Realize DC bus-bar voltage by regulating DC/DC current transformer to stablize.PCC point is disconnected the moment voltage of electrical network and the reference voltage that controls as hybrid accumulator V/F of frequency values and reference frequency, thus the shock effect that the input of reduction hybrid accumulator produces micro-capacitance sensor.
3) micro-capacitance sensor is adopting V/F control method from controlling micro-source during network operation, and non-controlled micro-source disconnects.Micro-capacitance sensor, by the impulse current produced when net is switched to grid-connected, comprehensively determines primarily of the voltage deviation between micro-capacitance sensor with electrical network and phase angular displacement, and less with difference on the frequency relation.Therefore voltage and phase angle must be controlled to be transferred to electrical network basically identical by presynchronization before grid-connected, thus the impact produced when reducing grid-connected combined floodgate, the reference voltage adopting directly adjustment main power source V/F to control herein and the mode of reference frequency carry out presynchronization control.Control adjustment through presynchronization, when the voltage of micro-capacitance sensor and public power distribution network and phase angle meet following condition, implement and net operation.
Wherein u
gelectrical network and micro-capacitance sensor voltage magnitude is respectively with u; u
nfor rated voltage amplitude.
Simulation and analysis:
Simulation model and parameter
Micro-capacitance sensor structure according to Fig. 1, the present invention can use MATLAB/SIMULINK software to build micro-capacitance sensor simulation model containing mixed energy storage system, and its simulation model as shown in Figure 8.
This micro-capacitance sensor simulation model major parameter arranges as follows: non-controllable type micro-source photovoltaic system PV capacity is 150kW, and wind generator system WT capacity is 150kW; Controllable type micro-source gas turbine MT capacity is 40kW, and diesel engine DE capacity is 70kW, and fuel cell FC capacity is 60kW; Hybrid accumulator storage battery Bat (Battery) capacity is 160kW, and ultracapacitor SC (Supercapacitor) capacity is 80kW; Ac bus rated voltage 550V, system frequency 50Hz.
Micro-capacitance sensor Dynamic simulation is analyzed
In the micro-grid system of somewhere, double-fed blower fan and photovoltaic cell whole day export meritorious fluctuating power as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10.Micro-capacitance sensor is that electrical network and load are powered when being incorporated into the power networks primarily of the micro-source of non-controllable type, and adopt hybrid accumulator to stabilize micro-grid system fluctuating power, now K switch 1 disconnects by hybrid accumulator (as Fig. 7), and K2, K3 are closed.Hybrid accumulator inverter adopts the grid-connected power contrast's curve of the scene of conventional control and fuzzy sliding mode tracking control as shown in figure 11 respectively, wherein P
wavefor wind-powered electricity generation and photovoltaic superposition export gross power, P
grid-Cfor adopting the grid-connected gross power of conventional control scene, P
grid-Hfor adopting the grid-connected gross power of fuzzy sliding mode tracking control scene.Can find out adopt fuzzy sliding mode tracking control comparatively conventional control there is good smooth effect, thus demonstrate adopt fuzzy sliding mode tracking control there is high efficiency.Hybrid accumulator charge-discharge electric power when Figure 12 is micro-grid connection operation, achieve storage battery and stabilize high-frequency fluctuation power, ultracapacitor stabilizes low-frequency fluctuation power, energy-storage units is received rational application, decrease accumulator cell charging and discharging number of times, in the useful life of effective raising energy storage device, be more conducive to the stability of maintenance system.
Micro-capacitance sensor is providing support system from controlling micro-source during network operation as main power source, and the micro-source of non-controllable type disconnects.Adopt the change of VF control method tracking system.Figure 13 is somewhere whole day load curve, progressively drops into controllable type micro-source diesel engine DE, micro-source gas turbine MT, fuel cell FC carry out supplementary load power demand according to this load curve.Controlled micro-source whole day active power as shown in figure 14.Micro-source can be controlled cut off when 17h simultaneously, micro-source all can produce system in input starting stage and cut-out final stage to be impacted, have a strong impact on the stability of a system, therefore the larger ultracapacitor of power factor (PF) is adopted to stabilize the fluctuating power of this stage system, now K switch 1 closes by hybrid accumulator (as Fig. 7), and K2, K3 disconnect.Storage battery is in discharge condition at (19-24-3) h, and be mainly used in insignificant load and power, all the other time periods are in charged state, and when 17h because power fluctuation is comparatively large, ultracapacitor and storage battery discharge jointly.From net fluctuating power curve as shown in figure 15, Figure 16 is that micro-capacitance sensor containing the micro-source of hybrid energy-storing, load and controllable type is in the active power from whole day under net state for its ultracapacitor and storage battery.Micro-capacitance sensor from net state Down Highway frequency and voltage as shown in Figure 17, Figure 18.State's network planning determines installed capacity in power grid below 3,000,000 kilowatts, system frequency deviation scope is ± 0.5Hz, 10kV and following three phase supply voltage permissible variation be nominal system voltage ± 10%.Under this control method, system frequency and voltage are all in the scope that state's network planning is fixed, and a nearly step demonstrates the validity adopting modified fuzzy sliding mode controlling method.
It is an extremely important process that micro-capacitance sensor pattern switches, and is directly connected to the stable state of system.Before micro-capacitance sensor operational mode switches, photovoltaic and wind power generation adopt PQ control model all the time, adopt VF to control after operational mode switches, at micro-capacitance sensor by grid-connected to from network operation handoff procedure, the voltage of micro-capacitance sensor and frequency become steady after all falling.And micro-capacitance sensor is incorporated into the power networks by being switched to from network operation, its busbar voltage before the handover after transition relatively steady, its main cause be grid-connected before have employed presynchronization and control, this also makes the rush of current that in microgrid, load is suffered when grid-connected less.From Figure 19 ~ 23, micro-capacitance sensor by and net state be switched to from net state at 2.095s, and when 6.095s is switched to also net state operation from net state, because micro-capacitance sensor exists power shortage, switch busbar voltage and frequency instantaneously all to fall, but go up rapidly subsequently, mainly exert oneself because the super capacitor in hybrid energy-storing responds rapidly after handover, fill up power shortage in time, the voltage in handoff procedure and frequency are maintained in tolerance interval.Figure 24 is that ultracapacitor and storage battery take over seamlessly the process power curve of cyclical fluctuations in system.
Conclusion:
(1) will be applied in micro-capacitance sensor based on ultracapacitor and batteries synthesis mixed energy storage system, and overcome the defect of single energy storage, improve the useful life of energy storage device, reduce cost of investment, and be more conducive to the stability of raising system.
(2) be hybrid accumulator inverter design Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller according to previous experiences, and apply it in the micro-capacitance sensor containing mixed energy storage system, the validity of this control algolithm by concrete Example Verification.
(3) this control algolithm not only can realize stabilizing micro-grid connection fluctuating power, and microgrid is from fluctuating power during net switching load, and the system that can realize is taken over seamlessly to grid-connected to from net and from net by grid-connected.The impact that micro battery is produced in switching process is less and be restricted in zone of reasonableness, thus the stability of system is improved, and this control method of checking has stronger robustness further.
Claims (4)
1. the micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: it is in parallel with load that photovoltaic cell connects DC/AC current transformer, blower fan is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load, and photovoltaic cell and fan parallel-connection are connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; It is in parallel with load that fuel cell connects DC/AC current transformer, and be connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; Gas turbine is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; Diesel engine is connected with AC/DC rectifier and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; Ultracapacitor is connected with DC/AC inverter respectively by DC/DC current transformer with storage battery, and in parallel with load, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker; Ac bus is connected with electrical network by circuit breaker.
2. the grid control method as claimed in claim 1 containing hybrid energy-storing, it is characterized in that: micro-capacitance sensor grid-connected, from net and take over seamlessly in process, by controlling hybrid accumulator discharge and recharge, carry out power back-off to micro-capacitance sensor running status, step is as follows:
(1), micro-capacitance sensor is when being incorporated into the power networks, be that electrical network and load are powered using micro-for non-controllable type source as main power source, the micro-source of controllable type and microgrid disconnect, now the micro-source of non-controllable type adopts PQ to control, storage battery and ultracapacitor carry out discharge and recharge to micro-capacitance sensor simultaneously, and carry out cooperation control according to the reasonable distribution of system fluctuation power to hybrid accumulator current transformer;
(2), micro-capacitance sensor grid-connected from network operation take over seamlessly and load switching time, adopt ultracapacitor to stabilize power fluctuation in the switching process of controlled micro-source, storage battery is used for the stable of maintenance system overall performance by discharge and recharge; Now energy storage device outer shroud adopts droop control mode, and inner ring adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode;
(3), micro-capacitance sensor when from network operation, using micro-for controllable type source as microgrid main power source, adopt VF to control to maintain micro-capacitance sensor voltage and frequency stabilization, now the micro-source of non-controllable type and microgrid disconnect.
3. the grid control method containing hybrid energy-storing according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: hybrid accumulator inverter adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode, adoption rate method for handover control switches bus current error and current error rate of change, obfuscation is carried out to switching function and switching function differential simultaneously, after fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, eventually pass fuzzy controller to obtain exporting controlled quentity controlled variable, and control object is controlled.
4. the grid control method containing hybrid energy-storing according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: hybrid accumulator DC two way convertor adopts the double-closed-loop control pattern of voltage inter-loop and electric current outer shroud, electric current outer shroud passes through fast dynamic response, voltage inter-loop mainly maintains output voltage stabilization, and produces suitable bucking voltage enhancing output voltage stability.
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