CN104659804B - Micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing and its control method - Google Patents
Micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104659804B CN104659804B CN201310596545.9A CN201310596545A CN104659804B CN 104659804 B CN104659804 B CN 104659804B CN 201310596545 A CN201310596545 A CN 201310596545A CN 104659804 B CN104659804 B CN 104659804B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H02J3/383—
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- H02J3/386—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The present invention is directed primarily to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing and its control method, will be connected in parallel on micro-capacitance sensor based on the mixed energy storage system of ultracapacitor and accumulator, the control mode using fuzzy sliding mode is controlled to hybrid accumulator.This control method not only can be realized stabilizing micro-grid connection fluctuating power, fluctuating power during microgrid off-network switching load, and the system that is capable of is taken over seamlessly by grid-connected/off-grid, so that the stability of system is improved, verifies the superiority of this control method further.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing and its control method, belong to micro-capacitance sensor and utilize technology
Field.
Background technology
For meeting the demand of sustainable development in energy utilization strategy, renewable energy power generation technology obtained greatly in the last few years
Pay close attention to and make some progress.It is a major action that regenerative resource is applied in micro-capacitance sensor, but micro-capacitance sensor
System inertia less, regenerative resource is affected by natural conditions, and power output has intermittence and randomness, therefore this kind of
The access of power supply can bring certain negative effect to the stability of system operation and power supply reliability.When micro-capacitance sensor runs,
Often by stable output powers such as diesel-driven generator, miniature gas turbine, fuel cells and capacity larger controllable type micro battery is to being
System is adjusted, for maintaining system voltage and frequency stable.Consider for Financial cost, flexibly, easily stored up using controlling
Can device come to stabilize micro-grid system power swing be currently an optimum selection.Defeated by adjusting energy storage device power input
Go out, can the undulatory property of suppression system power and non-predictive to a certain extent, realize microgrid stable and reliable.
But the access of multiple intermittent non-controllable micro battery and controllable type micro battery, operation and control to micro-capacitance sensor carry
Go out huge challenge.The power supply quality how improving micro-capacitance sensor and the schedulability being incorporated into the power networks have become a current important class
Topic.Micro-capacitance sensor is when operationally network structure changes or breaks down, by each distributed micro battery and energy storage
Device coordinates control, to ensure to provide high-quality electric energy to bulk power grid and load under any circumstance, therefore controls
The quality of mode processed directly affects economic performance and the technical performance of micro-capacitance sensor.The domestic and international fortune to microgrid for some documents in recent years
Row and control adopt droop control mode, but each distributed electrical source power can not obtain an equitable breakdown in islet operation, move
Easily produce during state that larger oscillation of power, system control ring control parameter be complicated, the work(in the handoff procedure of controlled micro- source
Under rate vacancy and grid-connected off-grid operation pattern, smooth transition system instability all awaits solving.
Content of the invention
Goal of the invention
For micro-capacitance sensor operationally network structure changes or breaks down when, how to coordinate between each micro battery
Relation, to ensure to provide high-quality electric energy to bulk power grid and load under any circumstance, the present invention proposes one kind and contains
There are micro-capacitance sensor and its control method of hybrid energy-storing.
Technical scheme
A kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing it is characterised in that：Photovoltaic cell connects DC/AC current transformer with load simultaneously
Connection, blower fan is connected and in parallel with load with AC/DC commutator and DC/AC inverter, and photovoltaic cell and fan parallel-connection are through open circuit
Device is connected on ac bus；Fuel cell connection DC/AC current transformer is in parallel with load, and it is female to be connected to exchange through chopper
On line；Gas turbine is connected and in parallel with load with AC/DC commutator and DC/AC inverter, is connected to exchange through chopper
On bus；Diesel engine is connected and in parallel with load with AC/DC commutator and DC/AC inverter, is connected to exchange through chopper
On bus；Ultracapacitor is connected with DC/AC inverter by DC/DC current transformer respectively with accumulator, and in parallel with load, warp
Cross chopper to be connected on ac bus；Ac bus are connected with electrical network by chopper.
A kind of as mentioned above grid control method containing hybrid energy-storing it is characterised in that：Micro-capacitance sensor is in grid-connected, off-network
And during taking over seamlessly, by controlling hybrid accumulator discharge and recharge, micro-capacitance sensor running status is carried out with power back-off, step
Suddenly as follows：
（1）, micro-capacitance sensor when being incorporated into the power networks, be electrical network using micro- for non-controllable type source as main power source and load is powered, controlled
The micro- source of type and microgrid disconnect, and now the micro- source of non-controllable type adopts PQ to control, and accumulator and ultracapacitor enter to micro-capacitance sensor simultaneously
Row discharge and recharge, and control is coordinated to hybrid accumulator current transformer according to the reasonable distribution of system fluctuation power；
（2）, micro-capacitance sensor take over seamlessly and during load switching in grid-connected off-grid operation, to be stabilized using ultracapacitor can
Control the power swing during the switching of micro- source, accumulator is used for stablizing of maintenance system overall performance by discharge and recharge；Now store up
Droop control mode can be adopted by device outer shroud, internal ring adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode；
（3）, micro-capacitance sensor in off-grid operation, using micro- for controllable type source as microgrid main power source, controlled using VF and maintain micro- electricity
Net voltage and frequency stable, now the micro- source of non-controllable type and microgrid disconnect.
Hybrid accumulator inverter adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode, and adoption rate method for handover control is to bus current
Error and current error rate of change switch over, and carry out obfuscation to switching function and switching function differential simultaneously, through fuzzy
After reasoning and defuzzification, eventually pass fuzzy controller and obtain output control amount, and control object is controlled.
Hybrid accumulator DC two way convertor adopts the double-closed-loop control pattern of voltage inter-loop and electric current outer shroud, outside electric current
Ring passes through fast dynamic response, and voltage inter-loop mainly maintains output voltage stabilization, and produces suitable offset voltage enhancing output
Voltage stability.
Advantage and effect
The present invention proposes a kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing and its control method, has the advantage that：
1st, will be applied in micro-capacitance sensor based on ultracapacitor and accumulator battery synthesis mixed energy storage system, overcome single
The defect of energy storage, improves the service life of energy storage device, reduces cost of investment.
2nd, hybrid accumulator inverter is adopted with the control mode of fuzzy sliding mode, to stabilizing micro-grid connection fluctuating power
Have compared with traditional control method and preferably stabilize effect.
3rd, adopt the control mode of fuzzy sliding mode, make microgrid off-network switching load and grid-connected/off-grid take over seamlessly
Time interval shortens, and has stronger capacity of resisting disturbance and recovery capability compared with traditional control method, so that power system dynamic stability
Property is improved, and verifies the superiority of this control method further.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the micro-capacitance sensor structure chart containing hybrid energy-storing；
Fig. 2 is PQ control structure block diagram；
Fig. 3 is VF control structure block diagram；
Fig. 4 is droop control structure chart；
Fig. 5 is hybrid accumulator inverter control structures figure；
Fig. 6 is Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller control structure figure；
Fig. 7 is hybrid accumulator control block diagram；
Fig. 8 is containing mixed energy storage system micro-capacitance sensor phantom；
Fig. 9 is double-fed blower fan whole day output pulsation power diagram；
Figure 10 is photovoltaic cell whole day power output figure；
Figure 11 is for hybrid accumulator using the conventional and grid-connected power contrast's curve chart of fuzzy sliding mode tracking control scene；
Figure 12 is ultracapacitor and storage battery grid-connected fluctuating power curve chart；
Figure 13 is somewhere whole day load chart；
Figure 14 is controlled micro- source whole day active power schematic diagram；
Figure 15 is ultracapacitor and accumulator off-network fluctuating power curve chart；
Figure 16 is containing hybrid energy-storing controlled micro- source off-network whole day active power schematic diagram；
Figure 17 is off-grid system bus frequency diagram；
Figure 18 is off-grid system busbar voltage schematic diagram；
Figure 19 turns island bus three-phase voltage schematic diagram for grid-connected；
Figure 20 turns grid-connected bus three-phase voltage schematic diagram for isolated island；
Figure 21 turns island bus frequency diagram for grid-connected；
Figure 22 turns grid-connected bus frequency diagram for isolated island；
Figure 23 takes over seamlessly bus frequency diagram for micro-grid system；
Figure 24 is that ultracapacitor takes over seamlessly process power curve of cyclical fluctuations figure with accumulator in system.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The present invention relates to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing and its control method, will be based on ultracapacitor and electric power storage
The mixed energy storage system in pond is connected in parallel on micro-capacitance sensor, using fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode, hybrid accumulator is controlled,
Matlab/simulink platform building contains the micro-capacitance sensor phantom in hybrid energy-storing and how micro- source, by concrete Example Verification
This algorithm has preferable steady-state behaviour and dynamic property, so that microgrid is more accurately controlled.
The present invention be a kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing it is characterised in that：Photovoltaic cell PV connects DC/AC current transformer
In parallel with load Load1, blower fan wind is connected with AC/DC commutator and DC/AC inverter and in parallel with load Load2, photovoltaic
Battery and fan parallel-connection are connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F1；Fuel cell FC connects DC/AC current transformer and load
Load4 is in parallel, and is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F3；Gas turbine MT and AC/DC commutator and DC/AC inversion
Device connects and in parallel with load Load5, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F4；Diesel engine DE and AC/DC commutator and
DC/AC inverter connects and in parallel with load Load6, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F5；Ultracapacitor
Supercapacitor is connected with DC/AC inverter by DC/DC current transformer respectively with accumulator Battery, and and load
Load3 is in parallel, is connected on ac bus through circuit breaker Q F2；Ac bus are connected with electrical network Grid by circuit breaker Q F.
This grid control method containing hybrid energy-storing of the present invention, micro-capacitance sensor in grid-connected, off-network and takes over seamlessly
During, by controlling hybrid accumulator discharge and recharge, power back-off is carried out to micro-capacitance sensor running status, step is as follows：
（1）, micro-capacitance sensor when being incorporated into the power networks, by micro- for non-controllable type source（Wind-driven generator, photovoltaic cell）As main power source
It is electrical network and load is powered, the micro- source of controllable type（Diesel-driven generator, miniature gas turbine, fuel cell）Disconnect with microgrid, now
The micro- source of non-controllable type adopts PQ to control, and accumulator and ultracapacitor carry out discharge and recharge to micro-capacitance sensor simultaneously, and according to system ripple
The reasonable distribution of dynamic power coordinates control to hybrid accumulator current transformer；
（2）, micro-capacitance sensor take over seamlessly and during load switching in grid-connected off-grid operation, to be stabilized using ultracapacitor can
Control the power swing during the switching of micro- source, accumulator is used for stablizing of maintenance system overall performance by discharge and recharge；Now store up
Droop control mode can be adopted by device outer shroud, internal ring adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode；
（3）, micro-capacitance sensor in off-grid operation, using micro- for controllable type source as microgrid main power source, controlled using VF and maintain micro- electricity
Net voltage and frequency stable, now the micro- source of non-controllable type and microgrid disconnect.
Hybrid accumulator inverter adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode, this control algolithm adoption rate method for handover control
Bus current error and current error rate of change are switched over, switching function and switching function differential is obscured simultaneously
Change, after fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, eventually pass fuzzy controller and obtain output control amount, and control object is carried out
Control.
Hybrid accumulator DC two way convertor adopts the double-closed-loop control pattern of voltage inter-loop and electric current outer shroud, outside electric current
Ring passes through fast dynamic response, and voltage inter-loop mainly maintains output voltage stabilization, and produces suitable offset voltage enhancing output
Voltage stability.
The ultimate principle of micro-grid system：
Micro-capacitance sensor structure
This micro-capacitance sensor is by the micro- source of non-controllable type（Wind-driven generator（Wind）, photovoltaic cell（PV））Micro- source with controllable type（Bavin
Oily hair motor（DE）, miniature gas turbine（MT）, fuel cell（FC））And hybrid accumulator（Ultracapacitor and electric power storage
Pond）Composition.Each micro- source is passed through current transformer and is coupled with bus and in parallel with corresponding load, and micro-capacitance sensor passes through PCC point and electricity greatly
Net connects.Micro-capacitance sensor structure chart containing mixed energy storage system is as shown in Figure 1.
Micro-capacitance sensor power supply mode
Micro-capacitance sensor when being incorporated into the power networks, using photovoltaic cell with wind-driven generator is electrical network as main power source and load is powered,
Controllable type micro- source diesel-driven generator, miniature gas turbine, fuel cell and microgrid disconnect.Because the voltage of micro-capacitance sensor and frequency are
Supported by bulk power grid, now photovoltaic cell and wind-driven generator are all controlled using PQ.Due to grid-connected when the micro- source of non-controllable type
Output has undulatory property, from the point of view of reducing discharge and recharge number of times and improving service life, by ultracapacitor and storage
The mixed energy storage system of battery composition, to realize stabilizing the power swing of micro-capacitance sensor using droop control mode, thus improving micro-
The grid-connected quality of power supply of electrical network.
Micro-capacitance sensor, in off-grid operation, using micro- for controllable type source as microgrid main power source, is controlled using VF and maintains micro-capacitance sensor electricity
Pressure and frequency stable, now the micro- source of non-controllable type and microgrid disconnect.Can be produced when the micro- source of switching controllable type according to workload demand
Power swing, because ultracapacitor power factor (PF) is larger, therefore to stabilize controlled micro- source switching process using ultracapacitor
In power swing, accumulator is used for the stablizing of maintenance system overall performance by discharge and recharge.Now energy storage device is using sagging
Control mode.Specific control structure block diagram is as shown in figs. 2 to 4.
Mixed energy storage system control method：
Because ultracapacitor and accumulator functional characteristic have complementarity, throwing is not only reduced using rational control mode
Money cost more can effectively improve the stability of system.Micro-capacitance sensor, when being incorporated into the power networks, is coordinated jointly using hybrid accumulator
Effect carrys out stabilizing system fluctuating power；Micro-capacitance sensor is switched over to off-grid operation and system switching during off-network from grid-connected
During load, the power shortage that is, switch occurs when switching over can respond rapidly to fill up by super capacitor, and off-network is steady
Main power source during operation then can be undertaken by accumulator.This is not only avoided individually lacking using the performance existing during one of which energy storage
Fall into, also avoid when using single energy storage is to realize taking over seamlessly increased power or capacity additional configuration simultaneously, thus
Reduce cost of investment.Hybrid accumulator, by rational control mode, is more beneficial for improving system stability.
Energy storage device inverter control mode
Fuzzy control does not rely on the mathematical models of controlled device, and can overcome the impact of non-linear factor, to quilt
The parameter of controlled plant has stronger robustness.But Fuzzy Controller Parameters need to through repeatedly examination gather just can determine that it is impossible to
Carry out stable and comprehensive analysis.Sliding mode variable structure control is a kind of robust control method solving the problems, such as nonlinear Control, main
It is used for processing the inexactness of modeling.But variable structure control system is due to non-ideal factors such as switch switching, the system failures
Impact, makes sliding mode easily produce high frequency and buffets.Between fuzzy control and sliding formwork control pluses and minuses and dependency, herein will
The two is combined into Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller and is applied in hybrid accumulator, and its control structure block diagram is as shown in Figure 5.
Parameter uncertainty and external disturbance can be overcome using sliding formwork control.Design fuzzy control according to previous experiences
Device, can mitigate the buffeting problem of sliding formwork control using fuzzy control method.One closed loop fuzzy sliding-modes control device such as Fig. 6
Shown.This controller can make active and reactive power holding constant output.This fuzzy sliding mode tracking control algorithm is exactly to pass through sliding formwork
Controller switches over to error and error rate, carries out obfuscation to switching function and switching function differential simultaneously, passes through
After fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification, eventually pass fuzzy controller and obtain output control amount u, and control object is controlled.
Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller input current reference value i* d,i* qCalculating formula such as formula（1）Shown.Wherein ud、uqIt is respectively mother
Line active voltage and reactive voltage, P, Q are respectively three-phase bus active power and idle work(detected value.
Phase-locked loop pll passes through phase angle and inverter output voltage and line voltage is kept synchronous, and its purpose makes system electricity
Stream error keeps the correcting vector of voltage that is minimum and synthesizing.Error current defines as formula（2）Shown.
Bus three-phase dq shaft current error e (t) and rate of change de (t) such as formula of error（3）Shown.Its sampling time T=
1ms.
The design of switching function s (k) such as formula（4）：
Adoption rate method for handover control simultaneously meets sliding mode existence condition and is controlled device design, and controller design is
As formula（5）：
U=(α e (t)+β de (t)) sgn (s (t))（5）
Using a two-dimensional fuzzy controller, sliding formwork control variable u is by Rule Design of Fuzzy Control.Make s (t), ds (t)
Input for fuzzy variable and as fuzzy controller.Fuzzy variable Δ u is as the output of fuzzy controller.According to fuzzy control
Theory, fuzzy set design is as follows：
s={NB,NS,ZO,PS,PB}；
ds={NB,NM,NS,ZO,PS,PM,PB}；
Δu={NB,NM,NS,ZO,PS,PM,PB}；
Wherein fuzzy variable s (t), ds (t), the fuzzy domain of Δ u are [- 1,1].Corresponding fuzzy language NB, NM,
NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB }, represent respectively negative big, in bearing, bear little, zero, just little, center, honest.Fuzzy variable adopts triangular form
Membership function.Design the fuzzy rule base of active power Reactive Power Control according to previous experiences as shown in table 1-2.
Active error delta i of table 1 electric currentdInput fuzzy rule
Table 2 electric current reactive power error Δ iqInput fuzzy rule
Energy storage device DC/DC current transformer control mode
Hybrid accumulator control block diagram of the present invention is as shown in Figure 4.Ultracapacitor and accumulator are respectively adopted DC/DC and become
Stream device is controlled, so that ultracapacitor and accumulator cell charging and discharging and mutual switching control have more motility, and
Energy storage device is in electric discharge by high-tension side control, being conducive to keeping stablizing of DC bus-bar voltage.In stored energy capacitance
Configuration aspect, in grid-connected off-grid operation and mutual handoff procedure, stored energy capacitance only need to ensure that micro-capacitance sensor is important negative to micro-capacitance sensor
The capacity amount of lotus normal power supply, therefore accumulator needs configuration only need to meet important load and power, and ultracapacitor
In order to ensure seamlessly transitting of switching, the capacity being configured must meet the power requirement of all loads in micro-capacitance sensor.
Because dutycycle d is determined by the make-and-break time of switching tube, therefore can be real by the make-and-break time of controlling switch pipe
Existing energy two-way transmission controls.Guarantee that DC bus-bar voltage is stable and take over seamlessly with important function to realizing micro-capacitance sensor, herein
Control ultracapacitor and the output voltage of accumulator to suppress DC bus-bar voltage to fluctuate respectively by reversible transducer.By
Voltage transfering function when the constant voltage output state in boost mode for the reversible transducer has the zero of RHP in s domain
Point, then system belong to non-minimum phase system, open-loop unstable.For stable DC busbar voltage, adopt herein voltage inter-loop and
The double-closed-loop control pattern of electric current outer shroud.Electric current outer shroud passes through fast dynamic response, and voltage inter-loop mainly maintains output voltage steady
Fixed, and produce suitable offset voltage enhancing output voltage stability.Outer shroud current parameters are to be passed through by bus power difference PH
Low pass filter carries out power distribution, and obtains through PI computing.
Micro-grid load switching and mutual switching control：
Grid-connected, off-network is mainly experienced in micro-capacitance sensor running, load switching and take over seamlessly several states, therefore adopt
With rationally effectively control mode to micro-capacitance sensor stable operation it is critical that, concrete design of control method is as follows herein：
1）When micro-grid connection is run, the micro- source of non-controllable type adopts PQ to control, and controlled micro- source disconnects.Now accumulator and super
Level capacitor carries out discharge and recharge simultaneously to micro-capacitance sensor, and according to the reasonable distribution of system fluctuation power to hybrid accumulator unsteady flow
Device coordinates control, to realize grid-connected power close to desired value.
2）In in system switching load or from the grid-connected stateful switchover process to off-network, electric discharge is carried out using ultracapacitor and comes
Fill up rapidly microgrid power vacancy.First ultracapacitor is switched to discharge condition by floating charge state, according to super capacitor
The two-way inverter of hybrid accumulator, to control the switching of ultracapacitor, is switched by charge mode by device port voltage simultaneously
Control discharge mode to V/F.DC bus-bar voltage is realized by regulation DC/DC current transformer stable.PCC point is disconnected moment electricity
Reference voltage and reference frequency that the voltage of net and frequency values control as hybrid accumulator V/F, thus reduce hybrid energy-storing
The impact impact that the input of device produces on micro-capacitance sensor.
3）Micro-capacitance sensor can control micro- source and adopts V/F control method in off-grid operation, and non-controllable micro- source disconnects.Micro-capacitance sensor by
Produced dash current when off-network is switched to grid-connected, mainly comprehensive by the voltage deviation between micro-capacitance sensor and electrical network and phase angular displacement
Close decision, and less with difference on the frequency relation.Therefore controlled by presynchronization in grid-connected front palpus and voltage and phase angle are transferred to and electricity
Net is basically identical, thus reducing the impact producing during grid-connected combined floodgate, herein using the reference electricity directly adjusting main power source V/F control
The mode of pressure and reference frequency carries out presynchronization control.Control adjustment through presynchronization, when the electricity of micro-capacitance sensor and public power distribution network
When pressure and phase angle meet following condition, implement and net operation.
Wherein ugIt is respectively electrical network and micro-capacitance sensor voltage amplitude with u；unFor rated voltage amplitude.
Simulation and analysis：
Phantom and parameter
Micro-capacitance sensor structure according to Fig. 1, the present invention can build containing mixing storage with MATLAB/SIMULINK software
The micro-capacitance sensor phantom of energy system, its phantom is as shown in Figure 8.
The setting of this micro-capacitance sensor phantom major parameter is as follows：Non-controllable type micro- source photovoltaic system PV capacity is 150kW, wind
Force generating system WT capacity is 150kW；Controllable type micro- source gas turbine MT capacity is 40kW, and diesel engine DE capacity is 70kW, combustion
Material battery FC capacity is 60kW；Hybrid accumulator accumulator Bat (Battery) capacity is 160kW, ultracapacitor SC
(Supercapacitor) capacity is 80kW；Ac bus rated voltage 550V, system frequency 50Hz.
Micro-capacitance sensor runs simulation analysis
Double-fed blower fan and photovoltaic cell whole day output active fluctuating power such as Fig. 9, Tu10Suo in the micro-grid system of somewhere
Show.Micro-capacitance sensor is mainly that electrical network and load are powered by the micro- source of non-controllable type when being incorporated into the power networks, and to be put down using hybrid accumulator
Suppression micro-grid system fluctuating power, now hybrid accumulator（As Fig. 7）K1 will be switched disconnect, K2, K3 close.Hybrid energy-storing fills
Put inverter and be respectively adopted the scene grid-connected power contrast curve of conventional control and fuzzy sliding mode tracking control as shown in figure 11, wherein
PwaveFor wind-powered electricity generation and photovoltaic superposition output general power, Pgrid-CIt is using the grid-connected general power of conventional control scene, Pgrid-HIt is employing
The grid-connected general power of fuzzy sliding mode tracking control scene.It can be seen that preferably smooth effect is had using the more conventional control of fuzzy sliding mode tracking control
Really, thus demonstrating, high efficiency is had using fuzzy sliding mode tracking control.When Figure 12 runs for micro-grid connection, hybrid accumulator fills
It is achieved that accumulator stabilizes high-frequency fluctuation power, ultracapacitor stabilizes low-frequency fluctuation power to discharge power, so that energy-storage units is obtained
Apply to rational, decrease accumulator cell charging and discharging number of times, effectively improve the service life of energy storage device, be more beneficial for safeguarding system
The stability of system.
Micro-capacitance sensor will can control micro- source and as main power source, system be provided and support in off-grid operation, break in the micro- source of non-controllable type
Open.Using the change of VF control method tracking system.Figure 13 is somewhere whole day load curve, and progressively being put into according to this load curve can
Control type micro- source diesel engine DE, micro- source gas turbine MT, fuel cell FC are supplementing load power demand.Controlled micro- source whole day is active
Power is as shown in figure 14.Can control micro- source to cut off in 17h, all could in input starting stage and cut-out final stage in micro- source simultaneously
Impact is produced to system, has a strong impact on system stability, therefore this rank is stabilized using the larger ultracapacitor of power factor (PF)
The fluctuating power of section system, now hybrid accumulator（As Fig. 7）K1 closure will be switched, K2, K3 disconnect.Accumulator exists（19-
24-3）H is in discharge condition, is mainly used in insignificant load and powers, remaining time period is in charged state, in 17h due to
Power swing is larger, and ultracapacitor and accumulator are discharged jointly.Its ultracapacitor and accumulator off-network fluctuating power curve
As shown in figure 15, Figure 16 be the micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing, load and the micro- source of controllable type under off-network state whole day active
Power.Micro-capacitance sensor is in off-network state Down Highway frequency and voltage as shown in Figure 17, Figure 18.State's network planning is determined installed capacity in power grid and is existed
Less than 3000000 kilowatts, system frequency deviation scope is ± 0.5Hz, and 10kV and following three phase supply voltage tolerance are mark
Claim ± the 10% of system voltage.Under this control method, system frequency and voltage, all in the fixed scope of state's network planning, further demonstrate
Effectiveness using modified fuzzy sliding mode controlling method.
Micro-capacitance sensor pattern switching is an extremely important process, is directly connected to the steady statue of system.In micro-capacitance sensor
Before operational mode switching, photovoltaic and wind-power electricity generation adopt PQ control model all the time, are controlled using VF, micro- after operational mode switching
From in the grid-connected handoff procedure to off-grid operation, the voltage of micro-capacitance sensor and frequency become steady after all falling to electrical network.And micro-capacitance sensor is by off-network
Operation is switched to is incorporated into the power networks, its busbar voltage before the handover after transition comparison steadily, its main cause is grid-connected front employing
Presynchronization control, this also makes suffered rush of current when grid-connected of load in microgrid less.From Figure 19～23, micro- electricity
Net is switched to off-network state by simultaneously net state in 2.095s, and is switched to and net state operation in 6.095s off-network state
When, because micro-capacitance sensor has power shortage, switching moment busbar voltage and frequency are all fallen, but subsequently go up rapidly, main
If because the super capacitor in hybrid energy-storing responds rapidly to exert oneself after handover, having filled up power shortage in time, make to switch
Voltage in journey and frequency maintain in tolerance interval.Figure 24 is that ultracapacitor takes over seamlessly process with accumulator in system
Power swing curve.
Conclusion：
（1）To be applied in micro-capacitance sensor based on ultracapacitor and accumulator battery synthesis mixed energy storage system, overcome list
The defect of one energy storage, improves the service life of energy storage device, reduces cost of investment, and be more beneficial for stablizing of raising system
Property.
（2）It is hybrid accumulator inverter design Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller according to previous experiences, and apply it to and contain
Have in the micro-capacitance sensor of mixed energy storage system, the effectiveness of this control algolithm by concrete Example Verification.
（3）This control algolithm not only can realize stabilizing micro-grid connection fluctuating power, ripple during microgrid off-network switching load
Dynamic power, and the system that is capable of is taken over seamlessly to grid-connected to off-network and off-network by grid-connected.Make micro battery in switching mistake
The impact producing in journey is less and is restricted in zone of reasonableness, so that the stability of system is improved, checking further should
Control method has stronger robustness.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of micro-capacitance sensor containing hybrid energy-storing it is characterised in that：Photovoltaic cell connection DC/AC current transformer is in parallel with load,
Blower fan is connected and in parallel with load with AC/DC commutator and DC/AC inverter, and photovoltaic cell is with fan parallel-connection through chopper even
It is connected on ac bus；Fuel cell connection DC/AC current transformer is in parallel with load, and is connected to ac bus through chopper
On；Gas turbine is connected and in parallel with load with AC/DC commutator and DC/AC inverter, is connected to exchange through chopper female
On line；Diesel engine is connected and in parallel with load with AC/DC commutator and DC/AC inverter, is connected to exchange through chopper female
On line；Ultracapacitor is connected with DC/AC inverter by DC/DC current transformer respectively with accumulator, and in parallel with load, passes through
Chopper is connected on ac bus；Ac bus are connected with electrical network by chopper；
The described grid control method containing hybrid energy-storing, micro-capacitance sensor, in grid-connected, off-network and during taking over seamlessly, passes through
Control hybrid accumulator discharge and recharge, power back-off is carried out to micro-capacitance sensor running status, step is as follows：
(1), when being incorporated into the power networks, be electrical network using micro- for non-controllable type source as main power source to micro-capacitance sensor and load is powered, and controllable type is micro-
Source and microgrid disconnect, and now the micro- source of non-controllable type adopts PQ to control, and accumulator and ultracapacitor fill to micro-capacitance sensor simultaneously
Electric discharge, and control is coordinated to hybrid accumulator current transformer according to the reasonable distribution of system fluctuation power；
(2), micro-capacitance sensor takes over seamlessly and during load switching in grid-connected off-grid operation, to be stabilized controlled micro- using ultracapacitor
Power swing during the switching of source, accumulator is used for stablizing of maintenance system overall performance by discharge and recharge；Now energy storage fills
Put outer shroud and adopt droop control mode, internal ring adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode；
(3), micro-capacitance sensor, in off-grid operation, using micro- for controllable type source as microgrid main power source, is controlled using VF and maintains micro-capacitance sensor electricity
Pressure and frequency stable, now the micro- source of non-controllable type and microgrid disconnect；
Hybrid accumulator inverter adopts fuzzy sliding mode tracking control mode, and adoption rate method for handover control is to bus current error
Switch over current error rate of change, obfuscation is carried out to switching function and switching function differential, through fuzzy reasoning simultaneously
After defuzzification, eventually pass fuzzy controller and obtain output control amount, and control object is controlled；
Fuzzy Sliding Model Controller input current reference value i* d,i* qShown in calculating formula such as formula (1)；Wherein ud、uqBeing respectively bus has
Work(voltage and reactive voltage, P, Q are respectively three-phase bus active power and idle work(detected value；
Phase-locked loop pll passes through phase angle and inverter output voltage and line voltage is kept synchronous, and its purpose makes system power by mistake
Difference keeps the correcting vector of voltage that is minimum and synthesizing；Error current defines as shown in formula (2)；
Rate of change de (t) of bus three-phase dq shaft current error e (t) and error is as shown in formula (3)；Its sampling time T=
1ms；
The design of switching function s (k) such as formula (4)：
Adoption rate method for handover control and meet sliding mode existence condition be controlled device design, controller design is as formula
(5)：
U=(α | e (t) |+β de (t)) sgn (s (t)) (5)
Using a two-dimensional fuzzy controller, sliding formwork control variable u is by Rule Design of Fuzzy Control；S (t), ds (t) is made to be mould
Paste variable the input as fuzzy controller；Fuzzy variable Δ u is as the output of fuzzy controller；Managed according to fuzzy control
By fuzzy set design is as follows：
S (t)={ NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB }；
Ds (t)={ NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB }；
Δ u={ NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB }；
Wherein fuzzy variable s (t), ds (t), the fuzzy domain of Δ u are [- 1,1]；Corresponding fuzzy language NB, NM, NS,
ZO, PS, PM, PB }, represent respectively negative big, in bearing, bear little, zero, just little, center, honest；Fuzzy variable adopts triangular form to be subordinate to
Membership fuction；The fuzzy rule base of active power Reactive Power Control is as shown in Table 1 and Table 2；
Active error delta i of table 1 electric currentdInput fuzzy rule
Table 2 electric current reactive power error Δ iqInput fuzzy rule
2. the grid control method containing hybrid energy-storing according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Hybrid accumulator
DC two way convertor adopts the double-closed-loop control pattern of voltage inter-loop and electric current outer shroud, and electric current outer shroud passes through fast dynamic response,
Voltage inter-loop mainly maintains output voltage stabilization, and produces suitable offset voltage enhancing output voltage stability.
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