CN104637751B - No electric arc type series connection learning bridge controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of no electric arc type series connection learning bridge and controls formula high-voltage circuitbreaker by force,By mechanical switch K,Bridge switch and circuit is controlled by force,Controller P,Input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2 are formed,Bridge switch is with diode D1,D2,D3,D4 is bridge arm,With the noncontacting switch group (T1T2...Tn that connects,N >=2) and control circuit is bridge by force,And electric routing capacitance C is controlled by force,Voltage source E,Resistance R and noncontacting switch D compositions,D1 anodes and D2 cathode enter end with K contacts and are held with power input (IR) is connect,D3 anodes and D4 cathode are held with K contacts outlet with power supply output (OUT) is connect,Switching group control pole meets P,K contacts first break and break after switching group during separating brake,Switching group is first led to and is led to behind K contacts during combined floodgate,Existing high-voltage circuitbreaker is replaced with such breaker,Then the problem of high-voltage circuitbreaker prevention and control electric arc will not exist.

Description

No electric arc type series connection learning bridge controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker

Technical field

The present invention, which relates to, relates generally to high-tension electricity field, more particularly to the high-voltage circuitbreaker of more than 3KV voltage levels.

Background technology

Since the dawn of human civilization, why all kinds of high-power breakers in the power supplying and distributing equipment of electric system can be according to people Will be switched on or switched off all kinds of load circuits, particularly can reliably disconnect short-circuit class faulty circuit, key is breaker The arc-suppression function of arc quenching system.

It is well known that when manipulating non-idler circuit, the movable contact and stationary contact of breaker are before connection or after disconnection Moment forms highfield under rated voltage due to spacing very little, medium or air ionization is caused to puncture, dynamic and static so as to generate Electric arc between contact.Operating current is bigger in circuit, the more high then electric arc of rated voltage is more serious.In 1KV (1000V) and below In system, the technology of arc protection is relatively easy, and cost is relatively relatively low.But the arc protection skill of 3KV (3000V) and Yi Shang high-pressure system Art and cost then can not be ignored.For 10KV oil-minimum breakers, only when cut-offfing the short circuit current flow of 20KA ranks, produced by Arc power just up to more than 10 megawatts (10000KW), the electric arc column temperature between the dynamic and static contact of breaker is up to 6000- 7000 degrees Celsius, even more than 10000 degrees Celsius, phase fault occurs for circuit where electric arc can cause, and short circuit is electric Arc can cause the huge serious accident of electric system.Therefore, then high power load circuit switches on and off for no arc extinguishing technology It can not realize, the excision of faulty circuit is even more impossible.Only guaranteed safe arc extinguishing just can guarantee closing of power circuit breaker or The action success of disconnecting consumers circuit, particularly breaker main contacts disconnect the moment of short-circuit current, if cannot be reliable Arc extinguishing will necessarily trigger destructive disaster.

So far, the high-voltage circuitbreaker of more than the 3KV of the universal on-line operation of electric system is mainly divided into three with common Major class：That is " oil-break " (point " heavy wool switch " and " low-oil-content circuit-breaker "), vacuum circuit breaker and SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) breaker. It is wherein immersed in oil and works equipped with insulating oil, breaker main contact in the closed arc-chutes of oil-break, by the exhausted of oil Edge acts on and the strong electric arc with the insulating effect acceleration extinguishing on-off circuit moment generation of air；The closed of vacuum circuit breaker goes out It is high vacuum in arc chamber, vacuum insulating effect inhibits electric arc；And then equipped with use in the arc-chutes of SF6 breakers In the sulfur hexafluoride liquid of arc extinguishing.Oil-break there is may set off an explosion at any time under fault condition, splash, the expansions such as burning The danger of accident scope, therefore progressively substituted by vacuum circuit breaker and SF6 breakers；And vacuum circuit breaker constructions it is complicated, Repair is complicated and disjunction high current ability is limited；SF6 breakers stop and arc quenching effect is more satisfactory but complexity and cost More than vacuum circuit breaker；Also have the breaker of some other mode arc extinguishings but technology or safety etc. due to and application is not general enough And.Using arc extinguishing as the mesohigh circuit breaker since the advent of the world of advanced subject, constantly deduce, change and weed out the old and bring forth the new, Service life is more than a century, but basic principle is never reformed, and the advanced subject faced never changes, Ren Heyi Design for product must resolve arc-suppression function first, and opening or closing for the main contact of any kind of high-voltage circuitbreaker is all necessary It is provided simultaneously with " confined space, arc-extinguishing medium, arc blow-out air-flow and contact high temperature resistant " four conditions.For this purpose, to consider arc-chutes work Skill it is highly reliable, it is ensured that arc blows the scientific and reasonable of system, and switch contact will use heat safe precious alloy material, examine Quality and the purity ... of arc-extinguishing medium are considered in order to which arc extinguishing, the structure of breaker can not simplify, and cost remains high.

Oil-break is born in 1895, is extended to before nineteen thirty, be mainly used in 3 at present, 6,10KV and more than In high-pressure system.Vacuum circuit breaker (independently develops vacuum circuit breaker and starts from the seventies in China) first appeared in the fifties, initially common In~380/220V systems and~690V systems, stepped into 3 later, 6,10KV systems.And SF6 breakers are to send out in recent years The novel breaker that exhibition is got up, is most commonly in 10KV distribution systems.The costs of these breakers, service life, structure type and Electric property depends mainly on the quality of arc-suppression function and main contact alloy, how to ensure that main contacts is switching on and off load electricity Powerful electric arc caused by moment does not cause the accident on road (particularly disconnecting short trouble circuit), is research and development of products and design always Most critical point.Although arc extinguishing requirement makes breaker structure complex, cost increases several times, continues in practice always； Although arc extinguishing technology both domestic and external is being improved and innovated always, most cheap scientific method, the master of arc extinguishing are not found always Topic can not avoid always.

The development of Power Electronic Technique has promoted the birth of high-power electric and electronic switch and module, due to power electronics mould The change of the on or off state of block be by the free electron inside semi-conducting material diffusion and stop diffusion as a result, its Process occurs without electric arc, and people has thus been inspired, which to substitute mechanical switch with electronic power switch (i.e. noncontacting switch), (has contact Switch) thinking.Once in the nineties in last century, development and progress, insider recognized noncontacting switch product in high gear " contactless " epoch will be all come into for all kinds of high-power breakers.However, it is found in practice：When high-power electric and electronic module is long Between bearing load electric current generate larger power consumption, the hot hidden danger that can not avoid comes more risk and hidden danger to system safety belt, Therefore mechanical switch can not be substituted, it is even more impossible to replace middle high-pressure power circuit breaker.

Power circuit breaker was born over more than 100 years, and the brainstrust of research and development of products locks arc extinguishing problem and earnestly tackles key problems always；And Power Electronic Technique is born in decades, and the brainstrust of research and development of products is earnestly tackled key problems always using efficient, high speed and low-heat as problem, The change of breaker basic structure and basic model is nobody shows any interest in, unmanned release can not only evade switching arc but also can evade The high-power breaker scheme of online thermal losses risk.

The content of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of no electric arc type series connection learning bridge and controls formula high-voltage circuitbreaker by force, by mechanical switch K, contactless bridge It switchs (hereinafter referred to as " bridge switch " or " bridge ") and controls circuit, controller P, input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2 composition by force, it will The good characteristic and mechanical switch that can turn on and end without electric arc that noncontacting switch has carry electric current without hot hidden danger online Characteristic effectively combines, and both evades drawback, and bridge switch first turns on, K is closed behind contact during combined floodgate, and K contacts first disconnect during tripping And break after bridge switch；Long-time bearing load current leans on K contacts, and the moment before closing a floodgate or after tripping disappears by the conducting state of bridge switch Except K contacts enter the voltage between end and outlet, so as to ensure that being opened or closed for K contacts does not generate electric arc.With this no electric arc Type high-voltage circuitbreaker substitutes foregoing all kinds of existing high-voltage circuitbreakers, can be widely used in 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, 22KV, 33KV It is in the same way, such if researching and developing successfully extra-high voltage type high-power electric and electronic switch in the high-voltage electric power systems such as 66KV Breaker can also be widely used in extra-high voltage electric system.

Implement this patent, can thoroughly change the structure of the traditional high-voltage circuitbreaker of existing one-hundred-year history, height is triggered to break Major progress and change of the road device in basic structure, control protection electric circuit etc., can the research and development of rapid stimulation power electronic devices The research and development interest and target of power electronic devices are directed toward extra-high voltage field by business and manufacturer, so as to promote extra-high voltage field The birth of novel electric power switch product, and promote research and development and production of the extra-high voltage field without electric arc type breaker, so as to promote The technological change and leap in power switch field.

Conventional circuit breaker structure and parting are complicated, and outer shape is different, and control protection is complicated, in arc-chutes in it is secret but It is similar, between current-carrying moving contact and static contact point or the physical action that closes and its simple, it is bogged down in crisis！Last 100 years Come, insider is difficult to free with prevention awareness always at heart to the height fear of high-voltage circuitbreaker arc accident.And in no electricity The puzzlement of electric arc is then not present in camber power circuit breaker, current-carrying contact or the simple action back to nature for dividing or closing can be made.

The outstanding advantages of this patent are thoroughly to have evaded the electric arc prevention and control problem that high-voltage circuitbreaker is faced, and eliminate and aim at All additional mechanism providing additional operations of arc extinguishing design, enormously simplify the basic structure and control protection electric circuit of high-voltage circuitbreaker, can not only save The great amount of cost (manpower, technology, material) of breaker is saved, significantly improves its security, reliability and service life, also Especially suitable for realizing intelligent control, be conducive to the structure of following intelligent grid.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the single-phase main electrical scheme principle schematic of this patent product

Fig. 2 is the three-phase main electrical scheme principle schematic of this patent product

Fig. 3 is the rough schematic of conventional circuit breaker arc quenching chamber structure

Fig. 4 is the rough schematic view that 4 kinds of arcs blow system in arc-chutes

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is only point of single-phase and three-phase, and operation principle is identical, but the K in three-phase breaker, can be with It is to be switched by same coil or the integrated machine of driving device synchronous interaction three-phase contact, it can also be by three independent lists Mechanical kilowatt switch composition.

Specific embodiment

Such as Fig. 1, shown in 2, no electric arc type series connection learning bridge controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker by contactless series connection bridge switch (abbreviation " bridge switch ") and circuit, mechanical switch K, controller P and measuring instrument V1 and V2 composition are controlled by force, bridge enters end and enters end with K main contacts Concurrent connection power input (IR) is held, and bridge outlet is connected power supply output (OUT) end with K contacts outlet concurrent, and bridge control pole meets P, P Control line be also connected with K coil or driving device, P signal wire connection V1 and V2.

According to the difference of the connection mode of noncontacting switch pipe and quantity in bridge switch, no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high pressure is broken It is strong that the contactless passage of road device is divided into intelligent bridge-type, intelligent bridge-type in parallel, the intelligent bridge-type of series connection, matrix intelligence bridge-type, learning bridge Control formula, learning bridge in parallel control by force formula, series connection learning bridge controls by force formula and matrix learning bridge eight type such as control formula, system are referred to as by force " bridge switch ".Formula is controlled by force for series connection learning bridge described in this patent, it is characterized in that using diode D1, D2, D3, D4 as bridge arm, with n The noncontacting switch group that (n >=2) are mutually in series is bridge, while is provided with strong control circuit for switching group, and principle is described as follows：

Separating brake process (trip process)：K contacts carry electric current before separating brake, switching group in bridge switch (T1, T2...Tn) being off state or conducting state, (closure of K contacts makes entering for bridge switch electric between end and outlet Nearly 0 is crimped, the electric current flowed through is also close to 0), when monitoring fault and judge to need separating brake or receive manually to divide After lock order, P controls T1, T2...Tn reliably to turn on first, then control K contact disjunctions, flow through K contacts load current or Fault current can be automatically transferred to bridge switch passage with the disconnection of K main contacts, be realized between K contacts and bridge switch passage negative K contacts cut-off signal is waited after current-carrying no electric arc handing-over, bridge switch is at once after receiving the signal that K contacts have reliably been cut-off Close (T1, T2...Tn end) and T1, T2...Tn have no electric arc in procedures of turn-off, breaker is in entire open circuit mistake There is no electric arc generation in journey, overall process can be completed in 10ms-100ms (adjustable).Circuit cut-offs (i.e. breaker open operation), and P is protected afterwards Card K contacts are off and bridge switch (cuts T1, a T2...Tn to stop) state in closing always, it is ensured that will not be closed a floodgate Malfunction.

Making process (connects process)：In the case where the main contacts of bridge switch and K is in off state, work as monitoring To combined floodgate desired signal (prepared auto restart signal) or manually after reclosing command, P control bridge switch conduction (T1, T2...Tn first Conducting), K contact closures are controlled immediately after signal that bridge switch reliably turns on is monitored, since bridge switch has been before K contact closures Through turning on and carrying whole load currents, therefore the enter end and outlet of K contacts are to complete to be closed in the case of close to 0 voltage, Therefore electric arc is not generated, just taking over bridge switch carry load electric current after K contact closures automatically, (enter end and the outlet of bridge switch are in and connect Closely by the state of the main contacts short circuit of K), bridge switch passage hereafter, which can continue to open, (not to be influenced K work, will not generate Heat), (T1, T2...Tn end) can also be automatically closed, controller P then joins into circuit voltage, electric current and bridge switch The monitoring of number situation and monitoring state, carry out emergency trip and the preparation of fault alarm.

The effect of strong control circuit and principle：Normal condition：In high-voltage electric power system, breaker is in normal gate-dividing state When, load side does not put into state, i.e. off state usually, and for this breaker, K contacts must be off, this When control the voltage of E in circuit by force C both ends be all applied to by D1-D4 accesses, what switching group was born in bridge switch is 0 voltage, Cut-off state can be reliably fitted in.

Special circumstances：If the main circuit of actual load is in real-time connection status with this breaker outlet, simply because this Breaker be in gate-dividing state and have neither part nor lot in power supply or actual load leaning on other breaker powered operations, then this open circuit Device will be in prepare band carry combined floodgate operating mode, and if occur the control pole that interference voltage is applied to T1, T2...Tn at this time, may T1, T2...Tn can mislead, and P monitor soon triggers D to T1, T2...Tn mistake messenger and turns on, D conducting moments T1, T2...Tn is immediately subjected to the anti-bias voltage from E, and so as to be forced to end at once, strong circuit of controlling plays false action-proof Effect.

Separating brake situation：In separating brake, disconnect then should be immediately for the contact one for the K such as T1, T2...Tn enter after reliable conducting state Cut-off, in order to ensure that T1, T2...Tn rapidly enter cut-off state by conducting state, on the one hand P removes T1, T2...Tn control in time The high level signal of pole processed, on the other hand the control pole application high level signal also to the D for controlling circuit by force, causes the conducting of D, this When T1, T2...Tn in the conduction state afford the anti-bias voltage from E, no matter complete it is that control or half control are equal Can quickly it be ended by force.

Under the buffer action of C, R and E only have electric current flowing during T1, T2...Tn is forced shutdown.

The mechanical switch K, refer to it is common, without arc-control device, be not required specific alloy relay class or other Automatically controlled class mechanical switch or with current-carrying main contacts Power Flow class or mechanical energy storage class switch etc., main contacts It is controlled by coil or driving device, and coil or driving device are controlled by P, can also be controlled by by the P relays controlled or connect Tentaculum, K main contacts enter that end and outlet connect bridge switch respectively enter end and outlet.

The bridge switch, the noncontacting switch being mutually in parallel using diode D1, D2, D3, D4 as bridge arm, with n (n >=2) (T1, T2...Tn) group and strong control circuit are bridge, and D1 anodes and D2 cathode concurrents are connected to bridge switch and enter end, D3 anodes and D4 Cathode concurrent is connected to bridge switch outlet, and the cathode concurrent of D1 anodes pole, D3 anodes and T1, T2...Tn connects, D2 cathode, The anode concurrent of D4 cathode and T1, T2...Tn connect, control pole (control pole of T1, T2...Tn) concurrent connection P of switching group, In the case where polarity concatenate rule is constant, the position of diode D1-D4 and the position of T1, T2...Tn can be in bridge switch It exchanges, bridge switch enters end and enters to hold with K contacts with power input (IR) end is connect, and bridge outlet is exported with K contacts outlet with power supply is connect (OUT) hold, D1-D4 can be the high-tension electricity diode of disposable type, and T1, T2...Tn can be half control type or full-control type electricity Power electronic switch or module (such as：SCR、GTR、GTO、IGBT、IGCT、IEGT、SIT、BSIT、SITH、IPM、PIC、MOSFET Or P-MOSFET etc.).

The strong control circuit, is made of voltage source E, capacitance C, resistance R and switching tube D, wherein the anode of C and D2 cathode, The anode concurrent connection of Tn in D4 cathode and switching group, the cathode of C connect the cathode of E, the anode of the anode connection D of E and the one of R End, the other end of R and the cathode of D are connected with the cathode concurrent of T1 in D1 anodes and D3 anodes and switching group, and the control pole of D connects The optional ordinary high pressure DC capacitor of P, C, E select active or passive voltage source, and R selects high-tension resistive, the height of the optional arbitrary power of D Piezoelectric forces electronic switch or module are (such as：SCR、GTR、GTO、IGBT、IGCT、IEGT、SIT、BSIT、SITH、IPM、PIC、 MOSFET or P-MOSFET etc.).

The controller P can be all kinds of computers, microcontroller or chip, control panel, industrial personal computer (such as PLC), all kinds of Control instrument or intelligent control module etc..The signal wire of P is connected with curtage measuring instrument (V1, V2), and control line was both To be connected with the control pole of T1, T2...Tn, be connected again with the control coil of K or driving device.

The measuring instrument V1 and V2, to be that (such as voltage or power pack, waveform are abnormal for any electrical transformation device Variability or voltage fluctuation amplitude or current changing rate quasi-converter class) or monitoring class instrument or monitoring devices (such as Hall element Class) etc., (OUT) end, signal wire connection P are held and export in the input (IR) that breaker is respectively installed in the pattern of isolation.

Influenced by device for high-power power electronic resistance to voltage levels reality, the present invention is mainly suitable for 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, The electric power system circuit breaker of the voltage levels such as 33KV, 66KV, those skilled in the art know, in the technical thought frame of the present invention Under, it can realize leading to without electric arc for the electric system of higher voltage rank by being used in series device for high-power power electronic It is disconnected, and after the advent of high-power, high voltage type power electronic devices success, it can directly use the electricity of large power high voltage with standing rank Power electronic device is with standard machinery switch cooperation realization higher voltage field without electric arc break-make.Therefore, voltage of the invention is fitted Be not restricted by with scope, as long as used in field of strong electricity for the purpose of evading electric arc power electronic devices or module with Standard machinery switch constitutes jointly no electric arc power circuit breaker or high-power non electric-arc switch is exactly the protection domain of this patent.

However, with advances in technology, in the case where the thinking of the present invention is guided, by the cooperation of other thinkings or technology, sheet Invention can be applied to solve or improve in other technologies device or designing scheme the technical barrier of other field higher level, consider To the shared technological progress that can promote more areas of technological progress thinking, be conducive to technological change and the overall situation developed, therefore only It solving the problems, such as and application range is different from the present invention, particularly voltage and the power scope of application is different from this patent, even if It is the thinking for all having applied mechanically the present invention, will not abuse be considered as by the patentee.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of no electric arc type series connection learning bridge controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker, it is characterized in that：By mechanical switch K, bridge switch and strong It controls circuit, controller P, input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2 to form, bridge switch is by diode D1, D2, D3, D4 and series connection nothing Contact switch group T1, T2...Tn, n >=2 form, and D1 anodes and D2 cathode enter end with K contacts and connect high voltage input terminal, D3 anodes together With D4 cathode and K contacts outlet with connecing high-voltage output end, the control pole of switching group T1, T2...Tn meets P, and K contacts are first broken during separating brake And break after switching group, switching group is first led to and is led to behind K contacts during combined floodgate, and eliminating height without electric arc break-make characteristic using switching group breaks Road device generates the condition of electric arc；In separating brake, the contacts one of K such as T1, T2...Tn enter after reliable conducting state disconnect, and should stand End, in order to ensure that T1, T2...Tn rapidly enter cut-off state by conducting state, on the one hand P removes T1, T2...Tn in time The high level signal of control pole, on the other hand the control pole application high level signal also to the diode D for controlling circuit by force, causes two The conducting of pole pipe D, T1, the T2...Tn for being now in conducting state afford the anti-bias voltage from voltage source E, no matter its It is that full control or half control can quickly be ended by force.

2. no electric arc type series connection learning bridge according to claim 1 controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker, it is characterized in：Mechanical switch K, Be have current-carrying main contacts Power Flow class or mechanical energy storage class switch, contact enter end and outlet connect respectively it is contactless Bridge switch enters end and outlet, and the actuation coil of K is controlled by P or is controlled by relay, the contactor controlled by P.

3. no electric arc type series connection learning bridge according to claim 1 or 2 controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker, it is characterized in that：Bridge is opened It closes, by D1, D2, D3, D4 and noncontacting switch group T1, T2...Tn in parallel, n >=2 form, and D2 anodes and D1 cathode enter with K contacts End is switched with power input, D4 anodes and D3 cathode is connect with K contacts outlet with power output end, D1 anodes and D3 anodes is connect The cathode of T1 and the strong cathode concurrent for controlling switching tube D in circuit connect in group, the anode of Tn in D2 cathode, D4 cathode, switching group And the anode concurrent of capacitance C connects in strong control circuit, the control pole of T1, T2...Tn meet P, and D1-D4 is high-tension electricity diode, T1, T2...Tn are high-tension electricity electronic switching tube or module, the high-tension electricity electronic switching tube or module be SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET.

4. no electric arc type series connection learning bridge according to claim 1 or 2 controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker, it is characterized in that：Strong control Circuit is made of voltage source E, capacitance C, resistance R and switching tube D, wherein in the anode of C and D2 cathode, D4 cathode and switching group The anode concurrent connection of Tn, the cathode of C connect the cathode of E, the anode of anode connection D of E and one end of R, the other end of R and D's Cathode is connected with the cathode concurrent of T1 in D1 anodes and D3 anodes and switching group, and the control pole of D meets P, and C selects ordinary high pressure direct current Hold, E selects active or passive voltage source, and R selects high-tension resistive, and D selects for a post the high-tension electricity electronic switch or module of meaning power, institute State high-tension electricity electronic switch or module for SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET.

5. no electric arc type series connection learning bridge according to claim 1 or 2 controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker, it is characterized in that：Control Device P, is one kind in computer, chip, and the signal wire of P connects measuring instrument V1, V2 and manually outer input signal device, control Line connects the control pole of T1, T2...Tn and the actuation coil of K.

6. no electric arc type series connection learning bridge according to claim 1 or 2 controls by force formula high-voltage circuitbreaker, it is characterized in that with prison The instrument V1 and V2 of brake, be voltage or electric current, ripple aberration rate, voltage fluctuation amplitude and current changing rate parameter conversion in Any electrical transformation device or Hall element monitoring devices, with the pattern of isolation be respectively installed in breaker enter end And outlet, signal wire meet P.