CN104637723B - Without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-voltage circuitbreaker - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-voltage circuitbreaker, by mechanical switch K, contactless bridge switch, controller P, input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2 are constituted, wherein bridge switch is by high-voltage diode D1, D2, D3, D4 and high-pressure non-contact switch D composition, D1 anode, the end that enters of D2 cathode and the contact K connects together IR input terminal, D3 anode, the outlet of D4 cathode and the contact K is same to connect OUT output end, the control electrode of D and the coil of K meet P, intelligent controller P is realized to the intelligent decision of system condition according to the on-line parameter monitoring state of V1 and V2 and started the process control to D and K in due course: K main contacts first breaks and disconnected after D when breaker open operation, and D first leads to and leads to behind the contact K when closing a floodgate, utilize the risk without electric arc on-off characteristic neutralizing high voltage short circuit electric arc of D, Also make normally to close a floodgate or the load electric arc of separating brake has not existed, the structure of high-voltage switch gear can be greatly simplified.

Description

Without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-voltage circuitbreaker

Technical field

The present invention, which relates to, relates generally to high-tension electricity field, more particularly to the high-voltage circuitbreaker of 3KV or more voltage level.

Background technique

Since the dawn of human civilization, why all kinds of high-power breakers being mounted in the power supplying and distributing equipment of electric system can be according to people Will be switched on or switched off all kinds of load circuits, especially can reliably disconnect short-circuit class faulty circuit, key is breaker The arc-suppression function of arc quenching system.

It is well known that the movable contact and stationary contact of breaker are before connection or after disconnecting when manipulating non-idler circuit Moment forms strong electrical field because of spacing very little, medium or air ionization is caused to puncture, under rated voltage to generate dynamic and static Electric arc between contact.Operating current is bigger in circuit, the more high then electric arc of voltage rating is more serious.In 1KV (1000V) and below In system, the technology of arc protection is relatively easy, and cost is relatively relatively low.But the arc protection skill of 3KV (3000V) and the above high-pressure system Art and cost then can not be ignored.For 10KV oil-minimum breaker, only when cut-offfing the short circuit current of 20KA rank, produced by Arc power just up to 10 megawatts (10000KW) or more, the electric arc column temperature between the dynamic and static contact of breaker is up to 6000- 7000 degrees Celsius, even more than 10000 degrees Celsius, phase fault occurs for circuit where electric arc can cause, and short circuit is electric Arc will cause the huge serious accident of electric system.Therefore, then high power load circuit switches on and off for no arc extinguishing technology It cannot achieve, the excision of faulty circuit is even more impossible.Only guaranteed safe arc extinguishing just can guarantee closing of power circuit breaker or The movement success of load circuit is disconnected, especially breaker main contacts is in the moment for disconnecting short-circuit current, if cannot be reliable Arc extinguishing will necessarily cause destructive disaster.

So far, the high-voltage circuitbreaker of the 3KV or more of the universal on-line operation of electric system is mainly divided into three with common Major class: i.e. " oil-break " (point " heavy wool switch " and " low-oil-content circuit-breaker "), vacuum circuit breaker and SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) breaker. Wherein the closed arc-chutes of oil-break are provided with insulating oil, and breaker main contact is immersed in oil and works, by the exhausted of oil Edge effect and the strong electric arc for accelerating extinguishing on-off circuit moment generation with the insulating effect of air；The closed of vacuum circuit breaker goes out It is high vacuum in arc chamber, vacuum insulating effect inhibits electric arc；And then equipped with use in the arc-chutes of SF6 breaker In the sulfur hexafluoride liquid of arc extinguishing.Oil-break expands there is may cause explosion, splash, burning etc. under fault condition at any time The danger of accident range, therefore gradually substituted by vacuum circuit breaker and SF6 breaker；And vacuum circuit breaker constructions it is complicated, Maintenance is complicated and disjunction high current ability is limited；SF6 breaker cutout and arc quenching effect is more satisfactory but complexity and cost More than vacuum circuit breaker；There are also the breaker of other modes arc extinguishing but technology or safety etc. due to and application is not general enough And.Using arc extinguishing as the mesohigh circuit breaker since the advent of the world of advanced subject, constantly deduces, changes and weeds out the old and bring forth the new, Service life is more than a century, but basic principle is never reformed, and the advanced subject faced never changes, Ren Heyi Design for product must resolve arc-suppression function first, and opening or closing for the main contact of any kind of high-voltage circuitbreaker is all necessary It is provided simultaneously with " confined space, arc-extinguishing medium, arc blow-out air-flow and contact high temperature resistant " four conditions.For this purpose, to consider arc-chutes work Skill it is highly reliable, it is ensured that arc blows the scientific and reasonable of system, and switch contact will use precious alloy material resistant to high temperature, to examine Consider the quality and purity of arc-extinguishing medium, for arc extinguishing, the structure of breaker can not simplify, and cost is high.

Oil-break is born in 1895, is extended to before nineteen thirty, is mainly used in 3 at present, 6,10KV or more In high-pressure system.Vacuum circuit breaker is initially common first appeared in the fifties (China, which independently develops vacuum circuit breaker, starts from the seventies) In~380/220V system and~690V system, 3,6,10KV system were stepped into later.And SF6 breaker is to send out in recent years The novel breaker that exhibition is got up, is most commonly in 10KV distribution system.The costs of these breakers, service life, structure type and Electric property depends mainly on the quality of arc-suppression function and main contact alloy, how to guarantee that main contacts is switching on and off load electricity Powerful electric arc caused by (the especially disconnection short trouble circuit) moment of road does not cause the accident, and is research and development of products and design always Most critical point.Although arc extinguishing requires to make breaker structure complex, increased costs several times continue always in practice； Although arc extinguishing technology both domestic and external is being improved and innovated always, most cheap scientific method, the master of arc extinguishing are not found always Topic not can avoid always.

The development of power electronic technique has pushed the birth of high-power electric and electronic switch and module, due to power electronics mould The change of the on or off state of block be the diffusion of the free electron inside the semiconductor material and stop diffusion as a result, its Process occurs without electric arc, and thus having inspired people to substitute mechanical switch with electronic power switch (i.e. noncontacting switch) (has contact Switch) thinking.Once in the nineties in last century, development and progress, insider recognized noncontacting switch product in high gear " contactless " epoch will be all come into for all kinds of high-power breakers.However, being found in practice: when high-power electric and electronic module is long Between bearing load electric current generate biggish power consumption, the hot hidden danger that can not avoid comes more risk and hidden danger to system safety belt, Therefore mechanical switch can not be substituted, it is even more impossible to replace middle high-pressure power circuit breaker.

High-voltage circuitbreaker was born over more than 100 years, and the brainstrust of research and development of products locks arc extinguishing project always and earnestly tackles key problems；And Power electronic technique is born in decades, and the brainstrust of research and development of products is earnestly tackled key problems using efficient, high speed and low-heat as project always, It nobody shows any interest in the change of breaker basic structure and basic model, unmanned release can not only evade switching arc but also can evade The high-power breaker scheme of online thermal losses risk.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-voltage circuitbreaker, by mechanical switch K, contactless bridge switch (with Lower abbreviation " bridge switch "), controller P, input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2 constitute, by noncontacting switch have can be without electric arc The good characteristic and mechanical switch of on and off carry characteristic of the electric current without hot hidden danger online and effectively combine, and evade the two disadvantage End, bridge switch first be connected, leads to behind the contact K when closing a floodgate, and the contact K first disconnects and disconnected after bridge switch when tripping；Long-time bearing load Electric current leans on the contact K, and the moment before closing a floodgate or after tripping eliminates the contact K by the on state of bridge switch and enters the electricity between end and outlet Pressure, to guarantee that being opened or closed for the contact K does not generate electric arc.It is aforementioned all kinds of existing with this no electric arc type high-voltage circuitbreaker substitution Some high-voltage circuitbreakers can be widely used in the high-voltage electric power systems such as 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, 22KV, 33KV and 66KV, push away And it is wide it, switched if research and develop successfully extra-high voltage type high-power electric and electronic, such breaker can also be widely used in super In high-voltage power system.

Implement this patent, can thoroughly change the structure of the traditional high-voltage circuitbreaker of existing one-hundred-year history, causes height and break Road device basic structure, in terms of major progress and change, can rapid stimulation power electronic devices research and development The research and development interest and target of power electronic devices are directed toward extra-high voltage field by quotient and manufacturer, to promote extra-high voltage field The birth of novel electric power switch product, and promote research and development and production of the extra-high voltage field without electric arc type breaker, to push The technological change and leap in power switch field.

The parting of conventional circuit breaker structure is complicated, outer shape is different, control and protection circuit are complicated, in arc-chutes in It is secret similar, between current-carrying moving contact and static contact point or the physical action that closes and its simple but bogged down in crisis！ In the last hundred years, insider is difficult to free always with prevention awareness at heart to the height fear of high-voltage circuitbreaker arc accident.And The puzzlement of electric arc is then not present in no electric arc type power circuit breaker, the simple action that can make current-carrying contact or divide or close returns It is natural.

The outstanding advantages of this patent are the electric arc prevention and control problems thoroughly having evaded high-voltage circuitbreaker and having been faced, and eliminate and aim at All additional mechanism providing additional operations of arc extinguishing design, enormously simplify the basic structure and control protection electric circuit of high-voltage circuitbreaker, can not only save The great amount of cost (manpower, technology, material) for saving breaker, significantly improves its safety, reliability and service life, also Especially suitable for realizing intelligent control, be conducive to the building of the following smart grid.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the single-phase main electrical scheme schematic illustration of this patent product

Fig. 2 is the three-phase main electrical scheme schematic illustration of this patent product

Fig. 3 is the rough schematic of conventional circuit breaker arc quenching chamber structure

Fig. 4 is the rough schematic view that 4 kinds of arcs blow system in arc-chutes

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is only single-phase and point of three-phase, and working principle is identical, but three-phase breaker mechanical switch K can To be the integrated machine switch that can synchronize three-phase contact, three independent mechanical switch can also be selected.

Specific embodiment

As shown in figures 1 and 2, no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-tension electricity breaker is by mechanical switch K, bridge switch, controller P And measuring instrument V1 and V2 are constituted, bridge switch enters end and K main contacts enters end and holds with power input (IR) is met, bridge switch outlet and K Contact outlet meets P with power supply output (OUT) end, bridge switch control electrode is connect, the control line of P be also connected with K coil or driving device, The signal wire of P connects V1 and V2.

According to the difference of the connection type and quantity of noncontacting switch pipe in bridge switch, no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high pressure is disconnected It is strong that the contactless channel of road device is divided into intelligent bridge-type, intelligent bridge-type in parallel, intelligence of connecting bridge-type, matrix intelligence bridge-type, learning bridge Control formula, learning bridge in parallel control by force formula, series connection learning bridge controls by force formula and matrix learning bridge eight seed type such as control formula, system are referred to as by force " bridge switch " is intelligent bridge-type described in this patent, it is characterized in that using diode D1, D2, D3, D4 as bridge arm, with noncontacting switch D For bridge.Principle is described as follows:

Separating brake process (i.e. tripping process): the contact K carries electric current before separating brake, and the D in bridge switch can be off state, Be also possible on state (closure of the contact K make bridge switch enter between end and outlet voltage close to 0, the electric current flowed through Close to 0), after monitoring fault and determining to need separating brake or receive manually separating brake order, P controls D first can By conducting, then control the disjunction of the contact K, flow through the contact K load current or fault current can with the disconnection of K main contacts and from Turn moves to bridge switch channel, and the disconnected without the waiting contact K after electric arc handover of load current is realized between the contact K and bridge switch channel ON signal receives bridge switch after the signal that the contact K has reliably been cut-off and immediately closes off (D cut-off) and D has no in procedures of turn-off Electric arc occurs, and breaker generates during entire open circuit without electric arc, and overall process is achievable in 10ms-100ms (adjustable).

Circuit cut-offs (i.e. breaker open operation), and P guarantees that the contact K is in an off state and bridge switch is in closing (D always afterwards Cut-off) state, it is ensured that malfunction of closing a floodgate will not occur.

Making process (i.e. connection process): in the case where the main contacts of bridge switch and K is in off state, work as monitoring To combined floodgate desired signal (prepared auto restart signal) or manually after reclosing command, P control bridge switch conduction first (D conducting), when K contact closure is immediately controlled after monitoring the signal that bridge switch is reliably connected, since bridge switch has been turned on simultaneously before K contact closure Carry whole load currents, thus the contact K enter end and outlet is closure to be completed close to 0 voltage, therefore do not generate Electric arc, just take over automatically after K contact closure bridge switch carry load electric current (bridge switch enter end and outlet is in close to by K's The state that main contacts is shorted), bridge switch channel hereafter can continue to open and (do not influence K work, will not generate heat), It can also be automatically closed (D cut-off), controller P then enters monitoring and prison to circuit voltage, electric current and bridge switch parameter situation Survey state carries out emergency trip and the preparation of fault alarm.

The standard machinery switch K, refer to relay class common, without arc-control device, not needing specific alloy or Other automatically controlled class mechanical switch are also possible to the Power Flow class with current-carrying main contacts or mechanical energy storage class switch etc., master Contact is controlled by coil or driving device, and coil or driving device are controlled by P, can also be controlled by the relay controlled by P Or contactor, K main contacts enter end and what outlet was separately connected bridge switch enters end and outlet.

The bridge switch, using diode D1, D2, D3, D4 as bridge arm, using noncontacting switch D as bridge, D1 anode and D2 cathode Tie point is into end, and D3 anode and D4 cathode tie point are outlet, and the positive concurrent of D1 cathode, D3 cathode and D connects, and D2 is just The cathode concurrent connection of pole, D4 anode and D, the control electrode of D meets P, in the case where polarity concatenate rule is constant, the position of D1-D4 Setting can be interchanged, and bridge switch enters end and the contact K and enters end with connecing the end power input (IR), outlet and the contact K outlet with connecing power supply The end (OUT) is exported, D1-D4 can be the high-tension electricity diode of disposable type, and D is half control type or full-control type power electronic switch Or module (such as: SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET Deng).

The controller P can be all kinds of computers, single-chip microcontroller or chip, control panel, industrial personal computer (such as PLC), all kinds of Control instrument or intelligent control module etc..The signal wire of P is connected with measuring instrument (V1, V2) is output and input, and control line was both To be connected with the control electrode of D, be connected again with the control coil of K or driving device.

The measuring instrument V1 and V2, to be that (such as voltage or power pack, waveform are abnormal for any electrical transformation device Variability or voltage fluctuation range or current changing rate quasi-converter class) or monitoring class instrument or monitoring devices (such as Hall element Class) etc., input (IR) end of breaker is respectively installed in the mode of isolation and output (OUT) end, signal wire connect P.

Influenced by device for high-power power electronic resistance to voltage levels reality, the present invention is mainly suitable for 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, The high-pressure system breaker of each voltage level such as 33KV, 66KV, those skilled in the art know, in technical thought frame of the invention Under frame, the logical without electric arc of the electric system of higher voltage rank can be realized by being used in series device for high-power power electronic It is disconnected, and after the advent of high-power, high voltage type power electronic devices is successful, the electricity of large power high voltage with standing rank can be directly used Power electronic device is with standard machinery switch cooperation realization higher voltage field without electric arc on-off.Therefore, voltage of the invention is suitable Be not restricted by with range, as long as in field of strong electricity to evade electric arc for the purpose of and use power electronic devices or module with Standard machinery switch constitutes jointly no electric arc power circuit breaker or high-power non electric-arc switch is exactly the protection scope of this patent.

However, with advances in technology, in the case where thinking of the invention is guided, by the cooperation of other thinkings or technology, originally Invention can be applied to that the more advanced technical barrier of other field is solved or improved in other technologies device or design scheme, consider To the shared technological progress that will push more areas of technological progress thinking, be conducive to the overall situation of technological change and development, therefore only It solves the problems, such as and application range is different from the present invention, it, will not be by this specially even all having applied thinking of the invention Li quanren is considered as abuse.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-voltage circuitbreaker, it is characterized in that: by mechanical switch K, bridge switch, controller P, input Measuring instrument V1 and output measuring instrument V2 constitute, bridge switch using high-voltage diode D1, D2, D3, D4 as bridge arm, with high pressure without Contact switch D is bridge, and diode D1 anode, diode D2 cathode and the end that enters of the contact mechanical switch K connect the end high input voltage IR together, Diode D3 anode, diode D4 cathode and the outlet of the contact mechanical switch K connect together High voltage output OUT terminal, the drive of mechanical switch K Dynamic device is controlled by controller P, or is controlled by by the controller P relay controlled or contactor, high-pressure non-contact switch D's Control electrode meets controller P, and the contact mechanical switch K first breaks and breaks after high-pressure non-contact switch D when breaker open operation, high pressure when combined floodgate Noncontacting switch D first leads to and leads to behind the contact mechanical switch K, prevents from breaking without electric arc on-off characteristic using high-pressure non-contact switch D Road device generates electric arc；Diode D1-D4 is high pressure-resistant high-power electric diode, and high-pressure non-contact switch D is high pressure-resistant High-power electric and electronic switching tube or module；

The Input Monitor Connector instrument V1 and output measuring instrument V2, is a kind of electrical transformation device, is filled respectively with the mode of isolation The end input IR and output OUT terminal, signal wire for being located at breaker connect controller P.

2. no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-voltage circuitbreaker according to claim 1, be characterized in: mechanical switch K is divided into Movable contact and stationary contact or be all kinds of mechanical switch for not distinguishing dynamic and static contact, contact enter end and outlet connects respectively Connect bridge switch enters end and outlet.

3. no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-voltage circuitbreaker according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: bridge switch, with two poles Pipe D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4 are bridge arm, using high-pressure non-contact switch D as bridge, diode D1 anode and two Pole pipe D2 cathode tie point bridge switch enters end, and diode D3 anode and diode D4 cathode tie point are bridge switch outlet, two poles Pipe D1 cathode and diode D3 cathode are connect with high-pressure non-contact switch D anode concurrent, and diode D2 anode and diode D4 are just Pole is connect with high-pressure non-contact switch D cathode concurrent, and the control electrode of high-pressure non-contact switch D meets controller P, bridge switch enter end with The contact mechanical switch K enters end and exports OUT terminal, two poles with the end power input IR, bridge switch outlet and the same power supply that connects of the contact K outlet is connect Pipe D1-D4 is high pressure-resistant high-power electric diode, and high-pressure non-contact switch D is that the high-power electric and electronic of high pressure-resistant is opened Close pipe or module.

4. no electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-voltage circuitbreaker according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: controller P, is all kinds of meters Calculation machine, the signal wire of controller P connect Input Monitor Connector instrument V1, output measuring instrument V2 and artificial outer input signal device, control Line processed connects the control electrode of high-pressure non-contact switch D and the driving device of mechanical switch K.