CN104637723A

CN104637723A - Arc-free intelligent bridge type high-voltage circuit breaker

Info

Publication number: CN104637723A
Application number: CN201510067568.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙毅彪
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-02-06
Filing date: 2015-02-06
Publication date: 2015-05-20
Anticipated expiration: 2035-02-06
Also published as: CN104637723B

Abstract

The invention provides an arc-free intelligent bridge type high-voltage circuit breaker. The high-voltage circuit breaker comprises a mechanical switch K, a non-contact bridge switch, a controller P, and input-output monitoring instruments V1 and V2, wherein the bridge switch comprises high-voltage diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 and a high-voltage non-contact switch D; a positive pole of D1, a negative pole of D2 and a K contact inlet end are jointly connected to a high-voltage input (IR) end; a positive pole of D3, a negative pole of D4 and a K contact outlet end are jointly connected to a high-voltage output (OUT) end; a coil or a driving device of K is controlled by P; a control electrode of D is connected to P; a K main contact is firstly switched off and D is subsequently switched off during switching off the circuit breaker; D is firstly switched on and the K contacts are subsequently switched on during switching on. The arc risk of the high-voltage circuit breaker is overcome by the arc-free switching on and off characteristic of D. The circuit breaker is used for replacing the existing high-voltage circuit breaker, so that the problem of the arc of the high-voltage circuit breaker is thoroughly eliminated.

Description

Without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type primary cut-out

Technical field

The present invention relates to and relates generally to high-tension electricity field, particularly relates to the primary cut-out of more than 3KV voltage level.

Background technology

Since the dawn of human civilization, why all kinds of high-power circuit breaker be arranged in the power supplying and distributing equipment of electric power system can be switched on or switched off all kinds of load circuit according to the will of people, particularly reliably can disconnect short circuit class faulty circuit, key is the arc-suppression function of arc extinguishing system of circuit breaker.

As everyone knows, when manipulating non-idler circuit, the moving contact of circuit breaker and the fixed contact moment before connection or after disconnecting, under rated voltage, form highfield because spacing is very little, cause medium or air ionization to puncture, thus produce the electric arc between dynamic and static contact.In circuit, operating current is larger, the higher then electric arc of rated voltage is more serious.In 1KV (1000V) and following system, the technology of arc protection is relatively easy, and cost is relatively on the low side.But arc protection technology and the cost of 3KV (3000V) and above high-pressure system then can not be ignored.For 10KV oil-minimum breaker, only when cut-offfing the short circuit current of 20KA rank, its arc power produced just can reach more than 10 megawatts (10000KW), arc column temperature between the dynamic and static contact of circuit breaker can reach 6000-7000 degree Celsius, even more than 10000 degrees Celsius, electric arc can cause place circuit generation phase fault, and short circuiting arc can cause the huge serious accident of electric power system.Therefore, do not have arc extinguishing technology then switching on and off of high power load circuit cannot realize, the excision of faulty circuit is impossible especially.Only the action success, particularly circuit breaker main contacts of guaranteed safe arc extinguishing guarantee closing of power circuit breaker or disconnecting consumers circuit are in the moment disconnecting short-circuit current, if reliably can not will inevitably cause destructive disaster by arc extinguishing.

Up to now, what the primary cut-out of more than the 3KV of the general on-line operation of electric power system was main and common is divided into three major types: i.e. " oil circuit breaker " (point " heavy wool switch " and " low-oil-content circuit-breaker "), vacuum circuit-breaker and SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride) circuit breaker.Wherein the airtight arc control device of oil circuit breaker are built with insulating oil, and circuit breaker main contact is immersed in oil and works, by the insulating effect of oil with accelerate to extinguish with the insulating effect of air the strong electric arc that on-off circuit produces instantaneously; Be high vacuum in the airtight arc control device of vacuum circuit-breaker, vacuum insulating effect suppresses electric arc; Sulphur hexafluoride liquid for arc extinguishing is then housed in the arc control device of SF6 circuit breaker.The danger of the expansion accident scopes such as oil circuit breaker may set off an explosion under there is failure condition at any time, splash, burning, is therefore progressively being substituted by vacuum circuit-breaker and SF6 circuit breaker; And vacuum circuit breaker constructions is complicated, maintenance is complicated and disjunction big current is limited in one's ability; SF6 circuit breaker stops and arc quenching effect is more satisfactory but complexity and cost exceed vacuum circuit-breaker; Also there is the circuit breaker of some other mode arc extinguishings but apply universal not due to reasons such as technology or safety.Be that the mesohigh circuit breaker of advanced subject is since appearance with arc extinguishing, constantly deduce, change and weed out the old and bring forth the new, its life-span is more than a century, but general principle is innovation never, the advanced subject faced never changes, first the design of any generation product must resolve arc-suppression function, and opening or closing of the main contact of the primary cut-out of any kind all must possess " confined space, arc-extinguishing medium, arc blow-out air-flow and contact are high temperature resistant " four conditions simultaneously.For this reason, consider that the height of arc control device technique is reliable, ensure that arc blows the scientific and reasonable of system, switch contact will adopt resistant to elevated temperatures precious alloy material, consider quality and the purity of arc-extinguishing medium, in order to arc extinguishing, the structure of circuit breaker cannot simplify, and cost remains high.

Oil circuit breaker is born in 1895, before being extended to nineteen thirty, be mainly used in 3 at present, 6, in 10KV and above high-pressure system.Vacuum circuit-breaker first appeared in the fifties (China independently develops vacuum circuit-breaker and starts from the seventies), be common at first ~ 380/220V system and ~ 690V system, progressively entered 3 afterwards, 6,10KV system.And the novel breaker that SF6 circuit breaker is development in recent years to get up, be most commonly in 10KV distribution system.The cost of these circuit breakers, useful life, version and electric property depend mainly on the quality of arc-suppression function and main contact alloy, how ensureing that main contacts does not cause the accident switching on and off the powerful electric arc that live road (particularly disconnect short trouble circuit) moment produces, is the most critical point of research and development of products and design all the time.Although arc extinguishing requires to make breaker structure complex, cost increases several times, continues in practice always; Although arc extinguishing technology both domestic and external is improving and innovating always, do not find the most cheap scientific method all the time, the theme of arc extinguishing cannot be avoided all the time.

The development of power electronic technology has promoted the birth of high-power electric and electronic switch and module, because the conducting of electric power electronic module or the change of cut-off state are the diffusion of the free electron leaning on semi-conducting material inside and the result of stopping diffusion, its process occurs without electric arc, has inspired people to substitute the thinking of mechanical switch (contact switch) with electronic power switch (i.e. noncontacting switch) thus.Noncontacting switch product is once at the nineties in last century of development and progress in high gear, and insider all thinks that all kinds of high-power circuit breaker all will come into " contactless " epoch.But, find in practice: high-power electric and electronic module long-time bearing load electric current produces larger power consumption, its hot hidden danger that cannot avoid brings more risk and hidden danger to system safety, therefore cannot substitute mechanical switch, more cannot replace middle high-pressure power circuit breaker.

Primary cut-out was born over more than 100 year, and the brainstrust of research and development of products locks arc extinguishing problem all the time and earnestly tackles key problems; And power electronic technology is born in decades, the brainstrust of research and development of products all the time with efficient, at a high speed and low-heat earnestly tackle key problems for problem, nobody shows any interest in the change of circuit breaker basic structure and fundamental mode, unmanned release not only can have been evaded switching arc, but also can evade the high-power circuit breaker scheme of online thermal losses risk.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type primary cut-out, be made up of mechanical switch K, contactless bridge switch (hereinafter referred to as " bridge switch "), controller P, input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2, what had by noncontacting switch can combine effectively without the good characteristic of electric arc conducting and cut-off and the online loaded current of the mechanical switch characteristic without hot hidden danger, and evade both drawbacks, logical behind the first conducting of bridge switch, K contact when it closes a floodgate, during tripping operation, K contact first disconnects and breaks after bridge switch; Long-time bearing load current is by K contact, and the moment before closing a floodgate or after tripping operation eliminates by the conducting state of bridge switch the voltage that K contact enters end and go out between end, thus ensures the disconnection of K contact or closedly do not produce electric arc.Aforementioned all kinds of existing primary cut-out is substituted without electric arc type primary cut-out with this, can be widely used in the high-voltage electric power systems such as 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, 22KV, 33KV and 66KV, in the same way, if research and develop successful extra-high pressure type high-power electric and electronic switch, this type of circuit breaker can also be widely used in extra-high pressure electric power system.

Implement this patent; thoroughly can change the structure of the traditional primary cut-out of T&B; cause the major progress of primary cut-out in basic structure, control protection electric circuit etc. and change; energy rapid stimulation power electronic device developer and manufacturer are the research and development interest of power electronic device and target directing extra-high pressure field; thus promote the birth of extra-high pressure field novel electric power switch product; and promote that extra-high pressure field is without the research and development of electric arc type circuit breaker and production, thus promote technological change and the leap in power switch field.

The somatotype of conventional circuit breaker structure is complicated, external shape is different, control and protection circuit is complicated, in arc control device in secret similar, between carried flow contact and fixed contact or point or the physical action that closes and simply, but bogged down in crisis! In the last hundred years, insider is difficult to free with prevention awareness to the height fear of primary cut-out arc accident at heart always.Then there is not the puzzlement of electric arc in without electric arc type power circuit breaker, can make current-carrying contact point or the simple motion back to nature that closes.

The outstanding advantages of this patent has thoroughly evaded the electric arc prevention and control difficult problem that primary cut-out faces; eliminate all additional mechanism providing additional operations aiming at arc extinguishing design; enormously simplify basic structure and the control protection electric circuit of primary cut-out; not only to save circuit breaker great amount of cost (manpower, technology, material); significantly improve its fail safe, reliability and useful life; also be specially adapted to realize Based Intelligent Control, be conducive to the structure of following intelligent grid.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the single-phase main electrical scheme principle schematic of this patent product

Fig. 2 is the three-phase main electrical scheme principle schematic of this patent product

Fig. 3 is the rough schematic of conventional circuit breaker arc quenching chamber structure

Fig. 4 is the rough schematic view that in arc control device, 4 kinds of arcs blow system

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 be only single-phase and three-phase point, its operation principle is identical, but three-phase breaker mechanical switch K can be can the integrated machine switch of synchronous interaction three-phase contact, also can select three independently mechanical switchs.

Embodiment

As Fig. 1, shown in 2, be made up of mechanical switch K, bridge switch, controller P and measuring instrument V1 and V2 without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type high-tension electricity circuit breaker, bridge switch enters end and K main contacts and enters hold and together connect power supply input (IR) and hold, bridge switch goes out end and K contact and goes out hold to connect together power supply and export (OUT) and hold, bridge switch controls pole and meets P, and the control line of P also connects the coil of K or drive unit, the holding wire of P connects V1 and V2.

According to the connected mode of noncontacting switch pipe in bridge switch and the difference of quantity, contactless passage without the intelligent bridge-type primary cut-out of electric arc type is divided into intelligent bridge-type, intelligent bridge-type in parallel, intelligent bridge-type of connecting, matrix intelligence bridge-type, learning bridge controls by force formula, learning bridge in parallel controls by force formula, series connection learning bridge controls by force eight types such as formula and matrix learning bridge control formula by force, system is referred to as " bridge switch ", it is intelligent bridge-type described in this patent, it is characterized in that with diode D1, D2, D3, D4 for brachium pontis, with noncontacting switch D for bridge.Principle is described as follows:

Separating brake process (namely trip process): K contact loaded current before separating brake, D in bridge switch can be cut-off state, also can be that (K contact closed makes entering end and going out between end voltage close to 0 of bridge switch to conducting state, its electric current flow through is also close to 0), when monitor fault and judge need separating brake or receive separating brake order manually after, the P first reliable conducting of control D, then control K contact disjunction, the load current or the fault current that flow through K contact can be automatically transferred to bridge switch passage along with the disconnection of K main contacts, realize between K contact and bridge switch passage joining without electric arc of load current waiting for K contact cut-off signal afterwards, after receiving the signal reliably cut-off K contact, bridge switch is closed (D cut-off) at once, and D has no electric arc generation in procedures of turn-off, circuit breaker does not have electric arc to produce in whole open circuit process, overall process can complete in 10ms-100ms (adjustable).

Circuit cut-offs (i.e. breaker open operation) afterwards P ensure that K contact is in off-state and bridge switch is in closedown (D cut-off) state all the time, guarantee combined floodgate misoperation can not occur.

Making process (namely connecting process): when the main contacts of bridge switch and K is all in off state, when monitoring combined floodgate desired signal (prepared auto restart signal) or manually after reclosing command, first P controls bridge switch conducting (D conducting), when the control K closing of contact immediately after the signal monitoring the reliable conducting of bridge switch, carry whole load current due to bridge switch conducting before the K closing of contact, therefore K contact enter end and go out end be when closed close to completing when 0 voltage, therefore do not produce electric arc, just bridge switch carry load electric current (entering end and going out end of bridge switch is in close by the state of the main contacts short circuit of K) is automatically taken over after the K closing of contact, after this bridge switch passage can continue to open (does not affect K work, also heat can not be produced), also can automatically close (D cut-off), controller P then enters circuit voltage, electric current, and the monitoring of bridge switch parameter situation and monitoring state, carry out the preparation of emergency trip and fault alarm.

Described standard machinery K switch, refer to common, without arc-control device, the relay class that do not need specific alloy or other automatically controlled class mechanical switchs, also can be the Power Flow class or mechanical energy storage class switch etc. with current-carrying main contacts, its main contacts is controlled by coil or drive unit, and coil or drive unit are controlled by P, also the relay controlled by P or contactor can be controlled by, the entering end and go out to hold entering end and going out end of connecting bridge switch respectively of K main contacts.

Described bridge switch, with diode D1, D2, D3, D4 is brachium pontis, with noncontacting switch D for bridge, D1 positive pole and D2 negative pole tie point are for entering end, D3 positive pole and D4 negative pole tie point are for going out end, D1 negative pole, the positive pole concurrent of D3 negative pole and D connects, D2 positive pole, the negative pole concurrent of D4 positive pole and D connects, the control pole of D meets P, when polarity concatenate rule is constant, the position of D1-D4 can exchange, bridge switch enters end and K contact and enters hold and together connect power supply input (IR) and hold, it goes out end and K contact and goes out hold to connect together power supply and export (OUT) and hold, D1-D4 can be the high-tension electricity diode of disposable type, D be half control type or full-control type power electronic switch or module (such as: SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET etc.).

Described controller P can be all kinds of computer, single-chip microcomputer or chip, control board, industrial computer (as PLC etc.), all kinds of control instrument or intelligent control module etc.The holding wire of P is connected with input and output measuring instrument (V1, V2), and its control line extremely should be connected with the control of D, is connected again with the control coil of K or drive unit.

Described measuring instrument V1 and V2, to be any one electrical transformation device (as voltage or power pack, irregularity of wave form or voltage fluctuation amplitude or current changing rate quasi-converter class) or monitoring class instrument or monitoring devices (such as Hall element class) etc., be installed in input (IR) end of circuit breaker respectively with the pattern of isolation and export (OUT) end, its holding wire connects P.

By the impact of device for high-power power electronic withstand voltage level reality, the present invention is mainly applicable to 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, 33KV, the high-pressure system circuit breaker of each voltage level such as 66KV, those skilled in the art know, under technical thought framework of the present invention, can by series connection use device for high-power power electronic realize the electric power system of more high voltage rank without electric arc break-make, and high-power, after high pressure resistant type power electronic device is successfully come out, can directly adopt the power electronic device of large power high voltage with standing rank to coordinate with standard machinery switch to realize more high voltage field without electric arc break-make.Therefore; the voltage scope of application of the present invention is also unrestricted, as long as adopt power electronic device or module and standard machinery switch to constitute jointly without electric arc power circuit breaker or high-power non electric-arc switch for the purpose of electric arc to be exactly the protection range of this patent to evade in field of strong electricity.

But, along with the progress of technology, under thinking of the present invention is guided, pass through the cooperation of other thinkings or technology, the present invention can be applied to solving or improve the more senior technology barriers of other field in other technologies device or design, consider the shared technological progress that can promote more areas of technological progress thinking, be conducive to the overall situation of technological change and development, as long as therefore the problem solved is different from the present invention with range of application, even all applied mechanically thinking of the present invention, also abuse can not be considered as by the patentee.

Claims

1. one kind without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type primary cut-out, it is characterized in that: by mechanical switch K, bridge switch, controller P, input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2 are formed, its bridge switch is with high-voltage diode D1, D2, D3, D4 is brachium pontis, with high-pressure non-contact switch D for bridge, D1 positive pole, the end that enters of D2 negative pole and K contact is held with connecing high input voltage (IR), D3 positive pole, the end that goes out of D4 negative pole and K contact is held with connecing High voltage output (OUT), coil or the drive unit of K are controlled by P, the control pole of D meets P, during breaker open operation, first break and break after D in K contact, during combined floodgate, D is first logical and K leads to after touch, utilize D without electric arc break-make characteristic prevent circuit breaker produce electric arc.

2. according to claim 1 without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type primary cut-out, feature is: mechanical switch K, can be divide into moving contact and fixed contact, also can be all kinds of mechanical switchs not distinguishing dynamic and static contact, can also be Power Flow class or the mechanical energy storage class switch with current-carrying main contacts, the entering end and go out to hold entering end and going out end of connecting bridge switch respectively of its contact, its actuation coil or drive unit are controlled by P, also can be controlled by the relay, contactor etc. that are controlled by P.

3. according to claim 1 and 2 without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type primary cut-out, it is characterized in that: bridge switch, with D1, D2, D3, D4 is bridge wall, take D as bridge, D1 positive pole and D2 negative pole tie point bridge switch enter to hold, D3 positive pole and D4 negative pole tie point are that bridge switch goes out to hold, D1 negative pole is connected with D positive pole concurrent with D3 negative pole, D2 positive pole is connected with D negative pole concurrent with D4 positive pole, the control pole of D meets P, bridge switch enters end and K contact and enters hold and together connect power supply input (IR) and hold, bridge switch goes out end and K contact and goes out hold to connect together power supply and export (OUT) and hold, D1-D4 is high pressure-resistant high-power electric diode, D is high-power electric and electronic switching tube or the module of high pressure-resistant, as: SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET etc.

4. according to claims 1 to 3 without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type primary cut-out, it is characterized in that: controller P, can be all kinds of computer, single-chip microcomputer or chip, control board, all kinds of control instrument or intelligent control module etc., the holding wire of P connects measuring instrument V1, V2 and artificial outer input signal device, and its control line connects the control pole of D and the actuation coil of K or drive unit.

5. according to claims 1 to 4 without electric arc type intelligence bridge-type primary cut-out, it is characterized in that instrument V1 and the V2 with monitoring function, can be any one electrical transformation (as voltage or electric current, ripple aberration rate, voltage fluctuation amplitude and the isoparametric conversion of current changing rate) device or monitoring class instrument or monitoring devices (such as Hall element class) etc., be installed in entering end and going out end of circuit breaker respectively with the pattern of isolation, its holding wire meets P.