CN204424146U - Without electric arc type high-tension electricity circuit breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of without electric arc type high-tension electricity circuit breaker, it is characterized in that, by mechanical switch K (single-phase or three-phase), power electronics invertible switch D (the single-phase or three-phase corresponding with K), controller P, detecting instrument V1 and V2 is formed, K and D composition is controlled by the biswitch passage of P, be connected to high input voltage (IR) and export between (OUT), the main contacts of K and D also connect, the control pole r of D meets intelligent controller P, when circuit breaker trip, first break and the delayed cut-off of D in K contact, during combined floodgate, D takes the lead in conducting and K contact is delayed closed, what utilize electronic power switch ensures entering end and going out the moment of end at on-off due to the conducting of D close to no-voltage of K contact without electric arc break-make characteristic, therefore electric arc is not produced, with this simple traditional high-tension electricity circuit breaker without electric arc type circuit breaker alternative structure complexity.

Description

Without electric arc type high-tension electricity circuit breaker

Technical field

The utility model relates to the high-power circuit breaker relating generally to power domain, particularly relate to 3,6, the middle high-pressure power circuit breaker of 10KV and above voltage level.

Background technology

Since the dawn of human civilization, be arranged on all kinds of high-power circuit breaker in the power supplying and distributing equipment of electric power system particularly mesohigh circuit breaker why can be switched on or switched off arbitrarily all kinds of load circuit according to the will of people, particularly reliably can disconnect short circuit class faulty circuit, key is the arc-suppression function of arc extinguishing system of circuit breaker.

As everyone knows, when manipulating non-idler circuit, the moment of the current-carrying main contacts of circuit breaker before connection or after disconnecting, forming highfield because voltage between action contact is higher, causing medium or air ionization to puncture, thus invariably producing electric arc.In circuit, operating current is larger, the higher then electric arc of voltage is more serious.In 1KV and following system, the technology of arc protection is relatively easy, and cost is relatively on the low side.But the arc protection technology of 3KV and above high-pressure system and cost then can not be ignored, for 10KV oil-minimum breaker, only when cut-offfing the short circuit current of 20KA rank, its arc power produced just can reach more than 10000KW, arc column temperature between the dynamic and static contact of circuit breaker can reach 6000-7000 degree Celsius, even more than 10000 degrees Celsius, electric arc can cause place circuit generation phase fault, and short circuiting arc can cause the huge serious accident of electric power system.Therefore, do not have arc extinguishing technology then high power load circuit particularly switching on and off of mesohigh load circuit cannot realize, the excision of faulty circuit is impossible especially.Only the action success, particularly circuit breaker main contacts of guaranteed safe arc extinguishing guarantee closing of power circuit breaker or disconnection are in the moment disconnecting short-circuit current, if reliably can not will inevitably cause destructive disaster by arc extinguishing.

Up to now, the primary cut-out of more than the 3KV of the general on-line operation of electric power system is mainly divided into three major types: i.e. " oil circuit breaker " (point " heavy wool switch " and " low-oil-content circuit-breaker "), vacuum circuit-breaker and SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride) circuit breaker.Wherein the airtight arc control device of oil circuit breaker are built with insulating oil, and circuit breaker main contact is immersed in oil and works, by the insulating effect of oil with extinguish with the insulating effect of air the strong electric arc that on-off circuit produces instantaneously; Be high vacuum in the airtight arc control device of vacuum circuit-breaker, vacuum insulating effect suppresses electric arc; Sulphur hexafluoride liquid for arc extinguishing is then housed in the arc control device of SF6 circuit breaker.

The danger of the expansion accident scopes such as oil circuit breaker may set off an explosion under there is failure condition at any time, splash, burning, is therefore progressively being substituted by vacuum circuit-breaker and SF6 circuit breaker; And the complicated and electric current be suitable for of vacuum switch structure and voltage level limited; SF6 circuit breaker stops and arc quenching effect is more satisfactory but complexity and cost exceed vacuum circuit-breaker; Also there is the circuit breaker of some other mode arc extinguishings but apply universal not due to reasons such as technology or safety.

Oil circuit breaker is born in 1895, before being extended to nineteen thirty, be mainly used in 3 at present, 6, in 10KV and above high-pressure system.Vacuum circuit-breaker first appeared in the fifties (China independently develops vacuum circuit-breaker and starts from the seventies), be common at first ~ 380/220V system and ~ 690V system, progressively entered 3 afterwards, 6,10KV system; And the novel breaker that SF6 circuit breaker is development in recent years to get up, be most commonly in 10KV distribution system; Vacuum switch is ripe in last century Mo, is extended to the beginning of this century, but 10KV at present in indoor and following system have use, its amount finite capacity.

Conventional circuit breaker structure somatotype is complicated, external shape is different, control and protection circuit is complicated, structure in arc control device is similar, between carried flow contact and fixed contact point or the physical action that closes and simply, but bogged down in crisis.Fig. 4-Fig. 7 is respectively structure in conventional circuit breaker arc control device and four kinds of arc extinguishing scheme schematic diagrames.

For any one primary cut-out existing on market, its arc extinguishing problem is the most critical point of research and development of products and design all the time.All must possess " confined space, arc-extinguishing medium and arc blow-out air-flow " three conditions in the arc control device of the primary cut-out of any kind simultaneously, its closing process is highly reliable, arc quenching system wants science, the quality of arc-extinguishing medium is pure, switch contact in arc control device also must possess " valuable metal alloy compositions, high temperature resistant, contact fast and strong " three conditions.As everyone knows, under the side effect of electric arc, the useful life of all kinds of primary cut-out reduces greatly, and process structure becomes complex.

Be that the middle high-pressure circuit breaker of advanced subject is since appearance with arc extinguishing, constantly deduce, change and weed out the old and bring forth the new, its life-span is more than a century, arc extinguishing technology both domestic and external is improving always and is innovating, but do not find the most cheap scientific method all the time, general principle is innovation never, and ancient arc extinguishing problem is constant, the structure of circuit breaker just cannot simplify, and the fringe cost of great number just cannot be avoided always.

The development of power electronic technology has promoted the birth of high-power electric and electronic switch and module, because the conducting of electric power electronic module or the change of cut-off state are the diffusion of the free electron leaning on semi-conducting material inside and the result of stopping diffusion, its process occurs without electric arc, has inspired people to substitute the thinking of mechanical switch (contact switch) with electronic power switch (i.e. noncontacting switch) thus.Noncontacting switch product is once at the nineties in last century of development and progress in high gear, and insider all thinks that all kinds of high-power circuit breaker all will come into " contactless " epoch.But, find in practice: high-power electric and electronic module long-time bearing load electric current produces larger power consumption, its hot hidden danger that cannot avoid brings more risk and hidden danger to system safety, therefore cannot substitute mechanical switch, more cannot replace middle high-pressure power circuit breaker.

Power circuit breaker was born over more than 100 year, and the brainstrust of research and development of products locks arc extinguishing problem all the time and earnestly tackles key problems; And power electronic technology is born in decades, the brainstrust of research and development of products all the time with efficient, at a high speed and low-heat earnestly tackle key problems for problem, nobody shows any interest in the change of circuit breaker basic structure and fundamental mode, unmanned release not only can have been evaded switching arc, but also can evade the high-power circuit breaker scheme of online thermal losses risk.

Summary of the invention

The utility model provides a kind of without electric arc type primary cut-out for the technical problem solving conventional high-tension circuit breaker arc prevention and control difficulty, by mechanical switch K, power electronics invertible switch D, controller P, detecting instrument V1 and V2 is formed, K and D composition is controlled by the biswitch passage of P, be connected to high input voltage (IR) and export between (OUT), the main contacts of K and D also connect, the control pole r of D meets intelligent controller P, when circuit breaker trip, first break and the delayed cut-off of D in K contact, during combined floodgate, D takes the lead in conducting and K contact is delayed closed, what utilize electronic power switch ensures entering end and going out the moment of end at on-off due to the conducting of D close to 0 voltage of K contact without electric arc break-make characteristic, thus electric arc is not produced, thus ensure the disconnection of K passage or closedly do not produce electric arc.With this primary cut-out substituting aforementioned each quasi-tradition without electric arc type primary cut-out, not only can extensively can be used in 1KV and following all kinds of electric power systems, also can be used in the high-voltage electric power system of 3KV, 6KV, 10KV and above (as 22KV, 33kv and 66KV grade), in the same way, if research and develop successful extra-high pressure type high-power electric and electronic switch, this type of circuit breaker can also be widely used in extra-high pressure electric power system.

Implement this patent, the traditional structure of 100 years all kinds of primary cut-outs for many years can be rewritten, not only can save circuit breaker great amount of cost (manpower, technology, material), significantly improve its fail safe, reliability and useful life, power electronic device developer and manufacturer can also be stimulated the research and development interest of power electronic device and target directing extra-high pressure field, thus promote the birth of extra-high pressure field novel electric power switch product, and promote that extra-high pressure field is without the research and development of electric arc type circuit breaker and production, thus promote technological change and the leap in power switch field.

The outstanding advantages of this patent has evaded a series of difficult problems that arc extinguishing faces, eliminate all additional mechanism providing additional operations aiming at arc extinguishing design, breach traditional primary cut-out being switched on or switched off load ' circuit and short trouble circuit time be subject to the bottleneck of electric arc serious threat, except consumption reduction increases safety, also be specially adapted to realize Based Intelligent Control, be conducive to the structure of following intelligent grid.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the single-phase contact structure schematic diagram of this patent product

Fig. 2 is the three-phase main electrical scheme principle schematic of this patent product

Fig. 3 is basic structure schematic diagram in conventional circuit breaker arc control device

Fig. 4 indulges in conventional circuit breaker arc control device to blow formula system schema schematic diagram

Fig. 5 is transverse-blow type system schema schematic diagram in conventional circuit breaker arc control device

Fig. 6 is vertical transverse-blow type system schema schematic diagram in conventional circuit breaker arc control device

Fig. 7 is that conventional circuit breaker arc control device inner ring blows formula system schema schematic diagram

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 be only single-phase and three-phase point, its operation principle is identical.

Embodiment

As Fig. 1, shown in 2, D is high-power electric and electronic invertible switch, be the D passage without electric arc circuit breaker, K is the automatically controlled class mechanical switch with current-carrying main contacts, and its main contacts is the K passage without electric arc circuit breaker, P is controller, V1 and V2 is measuring instrument, and D and K forms the biswitch expanding channels of circuit breaker between high input voltage (IR) and High voltage output (OUT), and its operation principle is described as follows:

Separating brake process (namely trip process): K passage loaded current before separating brake, D passage can be cut-off state, also can be that (the closed both positive and negative polarity of D that makes of K contact is by short circuit for conducting state, voltage across poles is close to 0, even therefore its electric current flow through of conducting state is also close to 0), when monitor fault and judge need separating brake or receive separating brake order manually after, the P first reliable conducting of control D, then control K contact disjunction, the load current or the fault current that flow through K passage can be automatically transferred to D passage along with the disconnection of K main contacts, receive K contact and reliably cut-off rear D and end at once after K passage and D passage realize joining without electric arc of load current, and D has no electric arc generation in procedures of turn-off, circuit breaker does not have electric arc to produce in whole open circuit process, overall process can complete in 30ms-80ms (adjustable).Circuit cut-offs (i.e. breaker open operation) afterwards P ensure K and D be in circuit blocks state all the time, guarantee combined floodgate misoperation can not occur.

Making process (namely connecting process): when the main contacts of D and K is all in off state, when monitoring combined floodgate desired signal (prepared auto restart signal) or manually after reclosing command, P is control D conducting first, to monitor after the signal of D reliably conducting the control K closing of contact immediately, because before the K closing of contact, D has carried whole load current, therefore K contact enter end and go out end be almost complete under 0 voltage closed, therefore electric arc is not produced, just (D just D carry load electric current is automatically taken over after the K closing of contact, negative pole is again by the main contacts short circuit of K), after this D passage can continue to open (does not affect K work, also heat can not be produced), also can automatic cut-off, controller P then enters circuit voltage, electric current, and the monitoring of electronic power switch situation and monitoring state, carry out the preparation of emergency trip and fault alarm.

Described mechanical switch K refer to common, without arc-control device, the relay class that do not need specific alloy or other automatically controlled class mechanical switchs, also can be the Power Flow class or mechanical energy storage class switch etc. with current-carrying main contacts, its main contacts is controlled by actuation coil, and the relay that coil is controlled by controller P or is controlled by the controller, entering to hold and going out end of its main contacts is connected entering end and going out end of power electronics invertible switch D respectively, and the control line of coil connects P.

Described power electronics invertible switch D can be half control type or all-controlling power electronics device or module (such as: SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P MOSFET etc.), its input and output respectively with K enter to hold and go out to hold to be connected, its control pole r connect P.

Described controller P can be all kinds of computer, single-chip microcomputer or chip, control board, industrial computer (as PLC etc.), all kinds of control instrument or intelligent control module etc.The holding wire of P is connected with curtage measuring instrument (V1, V2), and its control line should be connected with the control pole r of D, is connected again with the control coil of K or coil controllers (relay class).

Described measuring instrument V1 and V2, to be any one electrical transformation device (as voltage or power pack, irregularity of wave form or voltage fluctuation amplitude or current changing rate quasi-converter class) or monitoring class instrument or monitoring devices (such as Hall element class) etc., be installed in input (IR) and the output (OUT) of circuit breaker respectively with the pattern of isolating.Its holding wire connects P.

By the impact of device for high-power power electronic withstand voltage level reality, the utility model is mainly applicable to 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, 33KV, the electric power system circuit breaker of 66KV and following voltage level, those skilled in the art know, under technical thought framework of the present invention, device for high-power power electronic can be used to realize 33KV by series connection, the electric power system of 66KV and more high voltage rank without electric arc break-make, and high-power, after high pressure resistant type power electronic device is successfully come out, can directly adopt the power electronic device of large power high voltage with standing rank to coordinate with standard machinery switch to realize more high voltage field without electric arc break-make.Therefore; the voltage scope of application of the present invention is also unrestricted, as long as adopt power electronic device or module and standard machinery switch to constitute jointly without electric arc power circuit breaker or high-power non electric-arc switch for the purpose of electric arc to be exactly the protection range of this patent to evade in field of strong electricity.

Claims (5)

1. without electric arc type high-tension electricity circuit breaker, it is characterized in that: by mechanical switch K, power electronics invertible switch D, controller P, detecting instrument V1 and V2 is formed, K and D composition is controlled by the biswitch passage of P, be connected to high input voltage (IR) and export between (OUT), the main contacts of K and D also connect, the control pole r of D meets intelligent controller P, when circuit breaker trip, first break and the delayed cut-off of D in K contact, during combined floodgate, D takes the lead in conducting and K contact is delayed closed, what utilize electronic power switch ensures entering end and going out the moment of end at on-off due to the conducting of D close to 0 voltage of K contact without electric arc break-make characteristic, thus electric arc is not produced.

2. according to claim 1 without electric arc type high-tension electricity circuit breaker, it is characterized in that: power electronics invertible switch D, mate with K have single-phase and three-phase point, its three-phase single-phasely discretely to be formed by three, also can be encapsulated in the module of integration, its enter end with go out end respectively with K contact enter hold and go out hold to be connected, its control pole r connection P.

3. according to claim 1 without electric arc type high-tension electricity circuit breaker, it is characterized in that: the electronic control type mechanical switch K with current-carrying main contacts, can be contactor, relay, the Power Flow type mechanical switch having current-carrying main contacts or change over switch, entering to hold and going out end of its contact is connected entering end and going out end, the relay that its coil is controlled by P or is controlled by P of D respectively.

4. according to claim 1 without electric arc type high-tension electricity circuit breaker, it is characterized in that: the controller P with intelligent function, can be computer, single-chip microcomputer, industrial computer, Industry Control plate, control instrument or intelligent control module, its holding wire connection circuit measuring instrument V1, V2 and artificial input signal device, its control line connects the control pole of D and the coil control device of K.

5. according to claim 1 without electric arc type high-tension electricity circuit breaker, it is characterized in that: instrument or device V1 and V2 with monitoring function, it can be any one electrical transformation device, can be voltage changer or power pack, wave distortion instrument, voltage fluctuation instrument, current changing rate instrument, electric quantity monitoring instrument or monitoring devices, be installed in input and the output of circuit breaker respectively with the pattern of isolation, its holding wire meets P.