CN104637751A

CN104637751A - Arc-free series intelligent bridge strong control type high-voltage circuit breaker

Info

Publication number: CN104637751A
Application number: CN201510067144.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙毅彪
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-02-06
Filing date: 2015-02-06
Publication date: 2015-05-20
Anticipated expiration: 2035-02-06
Also published as: CN104637751B

Abstract

The invention provides an arc-free series intelligent bridge strong control type high-voltage circuit breaker. The high-voltage circuit breaker comprises a mechanical switch K, a bridge switch, a strong control circuit, a controller P, and input-output monitoring instruments V1 and V2, wherein the bridge switch takes diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 as bridge arms and takes series non-contact switch groups (T1T2...Tn, n is larger than or equal to 2) and the strong control circuit as bridges; the strong control circuit comprises a capacitor C, a voltage source E, a resistor R and a non-contact switch D; a positive pole of D1 and a negative pole of D2 and a K contact inlet end are jointly connected to a power supply input (IR) end; a positive pole of D3 and a negative pole of D4 and a K contact outlet end are jointly connected to a power supply output (OUT) end; switch group control electrodes are connected to P; K contacts are firstly switched off and the switch groups are subsequently switched off during switching off; the switch groups are firstly switched on and the K contacts are subsequently switched on during switching on. The circuit breaker is used for replacing the existing high-voltage circuit breaker, so that the problem of prevention and control of arc of the high-voltage circuit breaker is eliminated.

Description

Formula primary cut-out is controlled by force without electric arc type series connection learning bridge

Technical field

The present invention relates to and relates generally to high-tension electricity field, particularly relates to the primary cut-out of more than 3KV voltage level.

Background technology

Since the dawn of human civilization, why all kinds of high-power circuit breaker be arranged in the power supplying and distributing equipment of electric power system can be switched on or switched off all kinds of load circuit according to the will of people, particularly reliably can disconnect short circuit class faulty circuit, key is the arc-suppression function of arc extinguishing system of circuit breaker.

As everyone knows, when manipulating non-idler circuit, the moving contact of circuit breaker and the fixed contact moment before connection or after disconnecting, under rated voltage, form highfield because spacing is very little, cause medium or air ionization to puncture, thus produce the electric arc between dynamic and static contact.In circuit, operating current is larger, the higher then electric arc of rated voltage is more serious.In 1KV (1000V) and following system, the technology of arc protection is relatively easy, and cost is relatively on the low side.But arc protection technology and the cost of 3KV (3000V) and above high-pressure system then can not be ignored.For 10KV oil-minimum breaker, only when cut-offfing the short circuit current of 20KA rank, its arc power produced just can reach more than 10 megawatts (10000KW), arc column temperature between the dynamic and static contact of circuit breaker can reach 6000-7000 degree Celsius, even more than 10000 degrees Celsius, electric arc can cause place circuit generation phase fault, and short circuiting arc can cause the huge serious accident of electric power system.Therefore, do not have arc extinguishing technology then switching on and off of high power load circuit cannot realize, the excision of faulty circuit is impossible especially.Only the action success, particularly circuit breaker main contacts of guaranteed safe arc extinguishing guarantee closing of power circuit breaker or disconnecting consumers circuit are in the moment disconnecting short-circuit current, if reliably can not will inevitably cause destructive disaster by arc extinguishing.

Up to now, what the primary cut-out of more than the 3KV of the general on-line operation of electric power system was main and common is divided into three major types: i.e. " oil circuit breaker " (point " heavy wool switch " and " low-oil-content circuit-breaker "), vacuum circuit-breaker and SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride) circuit breaker.Wherein the airtight arc control device of oil circuit breaker are built with insulating oil, and circuit breaker main contact is immersed in oil and works, by the insulating effect of oil with accelerate to extinguish with the insulating effect of air the strong electric arc that on-off circuit produces instantaneously; Be high vacuum in the airtight arc control device of vacuum circuit-breaker, vacuum insulating effect suppresses electric arc; Sulphur hexafluoride liquid for arc extinguishing is then housed in the arc control device of SF6 circuit breaker.The danger of the expansion accident scopes such as oil circuit breaker may set off an explosion under there is failure condition at any time, splash, burning, is therefore progressively being substituted by vacuum circuit-breaker and SF6 circuit breaker; And vacuum circuit breaker constructions is complicated, maintenance is complicated and disjunction big current is limited in one's ability; SF6 circuit breaker stops and arc quenching effect is more satisfactory but complexity and cost exceed vacuum circuit-breaker; Also there is the circuit breaker of some other mode arc extinguishings but apply universal not due to reasons such as technology or safety.Be that the mesohigh circuit breaker of advanced subject is since appearance with arc extinguishing, constantly deduce, change and weed out the old and bring forth the new, its life-span is more than a century, but general principle is innovation never, the advanced subject faced never changes, first the design of any generation product must resolve arc-suppression function, and opening or closing of the main contact of the primary cut-out of any kind all must possess " confined space, arc-extinguishing medium, arc blow-out air-flow and contact are high temperature resistant " four conditions simultaneously.For this reason, consider that the height of arc control device technique is reliable, ensure that arc blows the scientific and reasonable of system, switch contact will adopt resistant to elevated temperatures precious alloy material, consider quality and the purity of arc-extinguishing medium ... in order to arc extinguishing, the structure of circuit breaker cannot simplify, and cost remains high.

Oil circuit breaker is born in 1895, before being extended to nineteen thirty, be mainly used in 3 at present, 6, in 10KV and above high-pressure system.Vacuum circuit-breaker first appeared in the fifties (China independently develops vacuum circuit-breaker and starts from the seventies), be common at first ~ 380/220V system and ~ 690V system, progressively entered 3 afterwards, 6,10KV system.And the novel breaker that SF6 circuit breaker is development in recent years to get up, be most commonly in 10KV distribution system.The cost of these circuit breakers, useful life, version and electric property depend mainly on the quality of arc-suppression function and main contact alloy, how ensureing that main contacts does not cause the accident switching on and off the powerful electric arc that live road (particularly disconnect short trouble circuit) moment produces, is the most critical point of research and development of products and design all the time.Although arc extinguishing requires to make breaker structure complex, cost increases several times, continues in practice always; Although arc extinguishing technology both domestic and external is improving and innovating always, do not find the most cheap scientific method all the time, the theme of arc extinguishing cannot be avoided all the time.

The development of power electronic technology has promoted the birth of high-power electric and electronic switch and module, because the conducting of electric power electronic module or the change of cut-off state are the diffusion of the free electron leaning on semi-conducting material inside and the result of stopping diffusion, its process occurs without electric arc, has inspired people to substitute the thinking of mechanical switch (contact switch) with electronic power switch (i.e. noncontacting switch) thus.Noncontacting switch product is once at the nineties in last century of development and progress in high gear, and insider all thinks that all kinds of high-power circuit breaker all will come into " contactless " epoch.But, find in practice: high-power electric and electronic module long-time bearing load electric current produces larger power consumption, its hot hidden danger that cannot avoid brings more risk and hidden danger to system safety, therefore cannot substitute mechanical switch, more cannot replace middle high-pressure power circuit breaker.

Power circuit breaker was born over more than 100 year, and the brainstrust of research and development of products locks arc extinguishing problem all the time and earnestly tackles key problems; And power electronic technology is born in decades, the brainstrust of research and development of products all the time with efficient, at a high speed and low-heat earnestly tackle key problems for problem, nobody shows any interest in the change of circuit breaker basic structure and fundamental mode, unmanned release not only can have been evaded switching arc, but also can evade the high-power circuit breaker scheme of online thermal losses risk.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides one and control by force formula primary cut-out without electric arc type series connection learning bridge, be made up of mechanical switch K, contactless bridge switch (hereinafter referred to as " bridge switch " or " bridge ") and strong control circuit, controller P, input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2, what had by noncontacting switch can combine effectively without the good characteristic of electric arc conducting and cut-off and the online loaded current of the mechanical switch characteristic without hot hidden danger, and evade both drawbacks, closed behind the first conducting of bridge switch, K contact during combined floodgate, during tripping operation, K contact first disconnects and breaks after bridge switch; Long-time bearing load current is by K contact, and the moment before closing a floodgate or after tripping operation eliminates by the conducting state of bridge switch the voltage that K contact enters end and go out between end, thus ensures the disconnection of K contact or closedly do not produce electric arc.Aforementioned all kinds of existing primary cut-out is substituted without electric arc type primary cut-out with this, can be widely used in the high-voltage electric power systems such as 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, 22KV, 33KV and 66KV, in the same way, if research and develop successful extra-high pressure type high-power electric and electronic switch, this type of circuit breaker can also be widely used in extra-high pressure electric power system.

Implement this patent; thoroughly can change the structure of the traditional primary cut-out of T&B; cause the major progress of primary cut-out in basic structure, control protection electric circuit etc. and change; energy rapid stimulation power electronic device developer and manufacturer are the research and development interest of power electronic device and target directing extra-high pressure field; thus promote the birth of extra-high pressure field novel electric power switch product; and promote that extra-high pressure field is without the research and development of electric arc type circuit breaker and production, thus promote technological change and the leap in power switch field.

Conventional circuit breaker structure and somatotype are complicated, and external shape is different, and Control protection is complicated, and the secret in arc control device is similar, between carried flow contact and fixed contact point or the physical action that closes and simply, bogged down in crisis! In the last hundred years, insider is difficult to free with prevention awareness to the height fear of primary cut-out arc accident at heart always.Then there is not the puzzlement of electric arc in without electric arc type power circuit breaker, can make current-carrying contact point or the simple motion back to nature that closes.

The outstanding advantages of this patent has thoroughly evaded the electric arc prevention and control difficult problem that primary cut-out faces; eliminate all additional mechanism providing additional operations aiming at arc extinguishing design; enormously simplify basic structure and the control protection electric circuit of primary cut-out; not only to save circuit breaker great amount of cost (manpower, technology, material); significantly improve its fail safe, reliability and useful life; also be specially adapted to realize Based Intelligent Control, be conducive to the structure of following intelligent grid.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the single-phase main electrical scheme principle schematic of this patent product

Fig. 2 is the three-phase main electrical scheme principle schematic of this patent product

Fig. 3 is the rough schematic of conventional circuit breaker arc quenching chamber structure

Fig. 4 is the rough schematic view that in arc control device, 4 kinds of arcs blow system

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 be only single-phase and three-phase point, its operation principle is identical, but the K in three-phase breaker can be the integrated machine switch by same coil or drive unit synchronous interaction three-phase contact, also can by three independently single-phase machinery switch form.

Embodiment

As Fig. 1, shown in 2, control by force formula primary cut-out without electric arc type series connection learning bridge to be made up of contactless cascaded bridges switch (being called for short " bridge switch ") and strong control circuit, mechanical switch K, controller P and measuring instrument V1 and V2, bridge enters end and enters to hold concurrent to be connected power supply input (IR) with K main contacts to hold, bridge goes out end and goes out to hold concurrent to be connected power supply with K contact to export (OUT) and hold, bridge controls pole and meets P, and the control line of P also connects the coil of K or drive unit, the holding wire of P connects V1 and V2.

According to the connected mode of noncontacting switch pipe in bridge switch and the difference of quantity, contactless passage without the intelligent bridge-type primary cut-out of electric arc type is divided into intelligent bridge-type, intelligent bridge-type in parallel, intelligent bridge-type of connecting, matrix intelligence bridge-type, learning bridge controls by force formula, learning bridge in parallel controls by force formula, series connection learning bridge controls by force eight types such as formula and matrix learning bridge control formula by force, and system is referred to as " bridge switch ".For series connection learning bridge controls by force formula described in this patent, it is characterized in that with diode D1, D2, D3, D4 for brachium pontis, the noncontacting switch group of connecting mutually with n (n >=2) is for bridge, and simultaneously for switches set is provided with strong control circuit, principle is described as follows:

Separating brake process (namely trip process): K contact loaded current before separating brake, switches set (T1 in bridge switch, T2...Tn) can be cut-off state, also can be that (K contact closed makes entering end and going out between end voltage close to 0 of bridge switch to conducting state, its electric current flow through is also close to 0), when monitor fault and judge need separating brake or receive separating brake order manually after, P is control T1 first, the reliable conducting of T2...Tn, then control K contact disjunction, the load current or the fault current that flow through K contact can be automatically transferred to bridge switch passage along with the disconnection of K main contacts, realize between K contact and bridge switch passage joining without electric arc of load current waiting for K contact cut-off signal afterwards, after receiving the signal reliably cut-off K contact, bridge switch closes (T1 at once, T2...Tn ends), and T1, T2...Tn has no electric arc and occurs in procedures of turn-off, circuit breaker does not have electric arc to produce in whole open circuit process, overall process can complete in 10ms-100ms (adjustable).Circuit cut-offs (i.e. breaker open operation) afterwards P ensure that K contact is in off-state and bridge switch and is in closedowns (cutting T1, T2...Tn to stop) state all the time, guarantee combined floodgate misoperation can not occur.

Making process (namely connecting process): when the main contacts of bridge switch and K is all in off state, when monitoring combined floodgate desired signal (prepared auto restart signal) or manually after reclosing command, first P controls bridge switch conducting (T1, T2...Tn conducting), when the control K closing of contact immediately after the signal monitoring the reliable conducting of bridge switch, carry whole load current due to bridge switch conducting before the K closing of contact, therefore K contact enter end and go out end be when closed close to completing when 0 voltage, therefore do not produce electric arc, just bridge switch carry load electric current (entering end and going out end of bridge switch is in close by the state of the main contacts short circuit of K) is automatically taken over after the K closing of contact, after this bridge switch passage can continue to open (does not affect K work, also heat can not be produced), also (T1 can automatically be closed, T2...Tn ends), controller P then enters circuit voltage, electric current, and the monitoring of bridge switch parameter situation and monitoring state, carry out the preparation of emergency trip and fault alarm.

The effect of strong control circuit and principle: normal condition: in high-voltage electric power system, when circuit breaker is in normal gate-dividing state, load side is generally the state of not dropping into, i.e. off state, for this circuit breaker, K contact must be in off-state, and now in strong control circuit, the voltage of E is all applied to C two ends by D1-D4 path, what bridge switch breaker in middle group was born is 0 voltage, reliably can be in cut-off state.

Special circumstances: if the main circuit of actual load and this circuit breaker go out end be in real-time connection status, only have neither part nor lot in power supply because this circuit breaker is in gate-dividing state, or actual load is by other circuit breaker powered operation, then this circuit breaker will be in and prepare band year combined floodgate operating mode, if and now occur that interference voltage puts on T1, the control pole of T2...Tn, then possibility T1, T2...Tn can mislead, P monitors T1, T2...Tn by mistake messenger just triggers D conducting immediately, D conducting moment T1, T2...Tn affords the anti-bias voltage from E immediately, thus be forced cut-off at once, strong control circuit serves the effect of false action-proof.

Separating brake situation: when separating brake, the contact one of K disconnects after T1, T2...Tn enter reliable conducting state etc., should end immediately, in order to ensure that T1, T2...Tn enter cut-off state fast by conducting state, P mono-aspect removes the high level signal that T1, T2...Tn control pole in time, also high level signal is applied to the control pole of the D of strong control circuit on the other hand, cause the conducting of D, T1, T2...Tn of being now in conducting state afford the anti-bias voltage from E, no matter complete it is control or half control all can be ended fast by force.

Under the buffer action of C, R and E only has current flowing in the process being forced shutdown T1, T2...Tn.

Described mechanical switch K, refer to common, without arc-control device, the relay class that do not need specific alloy or other automatically controlled class mechanical switchs, also can be the Power Flow class or mechanical energy storage class switch etc. with current-carrying main contacts, its main contacts is controlled by coil or drive unit, and coil or drive unit are controlled by P, also the relay controlled by P or contactor can be controlled by, the entering end and go out to hold entering end and going out end of connecting bridge switch respectively of K main contacts.

Described bridge switch, with diode D1, D2, D3, D4 is brachium pontis, with the noncontacting switch (T1 that n (n >=2) are in parallel mutually, T2...Tn) group and strong control circuit are bridge, and D1 positive pole is connected with D2 negative pole concurrent to enter to hold as bridge switch, and D3 positive pole is connected with D4 negative pole concurrent to go out to hold as bridge switch, D1 positive pole pole, D3 positive pole and T1, the negative pole concurrent of T2...Tn connects, D2 negative pole, D4 negative pole and T1, the positive pole concurrent of T2...Tn connects, the control pole (T1 of switches set, the control pole of T2...Tn) concurrent connects P, when polarity concatenate rule is constant, the position of diode D1-D4 and T1 in bridge switch, the position of T2...Tn all can exchange, and bridge switch enters end and enters hold with K contact and hold with connecing power supply input (IR), and bridge goes out to hold and K contact goes out to hold the same power supply that connects to export (OUT) and hold, and D1-D4 can be the high-tension electricity diode of disposable type, T1, T2...Tn can be half control type or full-control type power electronic switch or module (such as: SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET etc.).

Described strong control circuit, by voltage source E, electric capacity C, resistance R and switching tube D forms, the wherein positive pole of C and D2 negative pole, in D4 negative pole and switches set, the positive pole concurrent of Tn connects, the negative pole of C connects the negative pole of E, the positive pole of E connects the positive pole of D and one end of R, the other end of R is connected with the negative pole concurrent of T1 in D1 positive pole and D3 positive pole and switches set with the negative pole of D, the control pole of D meets P, the optional ordinary high pressure DC capacitor of C, E selects active or passive voltage source, R selects high-tension resistive, the high-tension electricity electronic switch of the optional any power of D or module (as: SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET etc.).

Described controller P can be all kinds of computer, single-chip microcomputer or chip, control board, industrial computer (as PLC etc.), all kinds of control instrument or intelligent control module etc.The holding wire of P is connected with curtage measuring instrument (V1, V2), and its control line extremely should be connected with the control of T1, T2...Tn, is connected again with the control coil of K or drive unit.

Described measuring instrument V1 and V2, to be any one electrical transformation device (as voltage or power pack, irregularity of wave form or voltage fluctuation amplitude or current changing rate quasi-converter class) or monitoring class instrument or monitoring devices (such as Hall element class) etc., be installed in input (IR) end of circuit breaker respectively with the pattern of isolation and export (OUT) end, its holding wire connects P.

By the impact of device for high-power power electronic withstand voltage level reality, the present invention is mainly applicable to 3KV, 6KV, 10KV, 33KV, the electric power system circuit breaker of the voltage levels such as 66KV, those skilled in the art know, under technical thought framework of the present invention, can by series connection use device for high-power power electronic realize the electric power system of more high voltage rank without electric arc break-make, and high-power, after high pressure resistant type power electronic device is successfully come out, can directly adopt the power electronic device of large power high voltage with standing rank to coordinate with standard machinery switch to realize more high voltage field without electric arc break-make.Therefore; the voltage scope of application of the present invention is also unrestricted, as long as adopt power electronic device or module and standard machinery switch to constitute jointly without electric arc power circuit breaker or high-power non electric-arc switch for the purpose of electric arc to be exactly the protection range of this patent to evade in field of strong electricity.

But, along with the progress of technology, under thinking of the present invention is guided, pass through the cooperation of other thinkings or technology, the present invention can be applied to solving or improve the more senior technology barriers of other field in other technologies device or design, consider the shared technological progress that can promote more areas of technological progress thinking, be conducive to the overall situation of technological change and development, as long as therefore the problem solved is different from the present invention with range of application, particularly voltage and the power scope of application are different from this patent, even all applied mechanically thinking of the present invention, also abuse can not be considered as by the patentee.

Claims

1. control by force formula primary cut-out without electric arc type series connection learning bridge for one kind, it is characterized in that: by mechanical switch K, bridge switch and strong control circuit, controller P, input and output measuring instrument V1 and V2 are formed, bridge switch is by diode D1, D2, D3, D4 and series connection noncontacting switch group (T1T2...Tn, n >=2) composition, D1 positive pole and D2 negative pole and K contact enter to hold holds with connecing high input voltage (IR), D3 positive pole and D4 negative pole and K contact go out to hold holds with connecing High voltage output (OUT), the control pole of switches set T1T2...Tn meets P, during separating brake, first break and break after switches set in K contact, during combined floodgate, switches set is first led to and leads to behind K contact, what utilize switches set eliminates without electric arc break-make characteristic the condition that primary cut-out produces electric arc.

2. according to claim 1 without electric arc series connection learning bridge control by force formula primary cut-out, feature is: mechanical switch K, can be can divide into moving contact and fixed contact, also can be all kinds of mechanical switchs not distinguishing dynamic and static contact, can also be the Power Flow class or mechanical energy storage class switch etc. with current-carrying main contacts, entering to hold and going out end of its contact is connected entering end and going out end of contactless bridge switch respectively, actuation coil or the drive unit of K are controlled by P, also can be controlled by the relay, contactor etc. that are controlled by P.

3. according to claim 1 and 2 without electric arc type series connection learning bridge control by force formula primary cut-out, it is characterized in that: bridge switch, by D1, D2, D3, D4 and noncontacting switch group (T1T2...Tn in parallel, n >=2) composition, D2 positive pole and D1 negative pole and K contact enter to hold holds with connecing power supply input (IR), D4 positive pole and D3 negative pole and K contact go out to hold and export (OUT) hold with connecing power supply, D1 positive pole and D3 positive pole, in switches set, the negative pole of T1 and the negative pole concurrent of strong control circuit breaker in middle pipe D connect, D2 negative pole, D4 negative pole, in switches set, in the positive pole of Tn and strong control circuit, the positive pole concurrent of electric capacity C connects, the control pole of T1T2...Tn meets P, D1-D4 is high-tension electricity diode, T1T2...Tn is high-tension electricity electronic switching tube or module, as: SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET etc.

4. according to claims 1 to 3 control by force formula primary cut-out without electric arc type series connection learning bridge, it is characterized in that: strong control circuit, by voltage source E, electric capacity C, resistance R and switching tube D forms, the wherein positive pole of C and D2 negative pole, in D4 negative pole and switches set, the positive pole concurrent of Tn connects, the negative pole of C connects the negative pole of E, the positive pole of E connects the positive pole of D and one end of R, the other end of R is connected with the negative pole concurrent of T1 in D1 positive pole and D3 positive pole and switches set with the negative pole of D, the control pole of D meets P, the optional ordinary high pressure DC capacitor of C, E selects active or passive voltage source, R selects high-tension resistive, the high-tension electricity electronic switch of the optional any power of D or module (as: SCR, GTR, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, SIT, BSIT, SITH, IPM, PIC, MOSFET or P-MOSFET etc.).

5. according to claims 1 to 3 control by force formula primary cut-out without electric arc type series connection learning bridge, it is characterized in that: controller P, can be all kinds of computer, single-chip microcomputer or chip, control board, all kinds of control instrument or intelligent control module etc., the holding wire of P connects measuring instrument V1, V2 and artificial outer input signal device, and its control line connects the control pole of T1T2...Tn and the actuation coil of K or drive unit.

6. according to claims 1 to 4 control by force formula primary cut-out without electric arc type series connection learning bridge, it is characterized in that instrument V1 and the V2 with monitoring function, can be any one electrical transformation (as voltage or electric current, ripple aberration rate, voltage fluctuation amplitude and the isoparametric conversion of current changing rate) device or monitoring class instrument or monitoring devices (such as Hall element class) etc., be installed in entering end and going out end of circuit breaker respectively with the pattern of isolation, its holding wire meets P.