CN104623663B - 评估癌症于治疗后情况的方法及其相关应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种评估癌症于治疗后情况的方法。本发明更涉及一种白血病抑制因子抑制剂或白血病抑制因子受体受体抑制剂用于制备癌症放射治疗的增敏剂的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种评估癌症于治疗后情况的方法,且亦涉及一种白血病抑制因子抑制剂或白血病抑制因子受体抑制剂用于制备癌症放射治疗的增敏剂的用途。
背景技术
依据统计资料,癌症(亦称「恶性肿瘤」)至2013年为止已连续蝉联国人十大死因榜首三十一年。目前,癌症的临床治疗方式有手术切除、化学治疗、标靶治疗、或放射治疗,其中放射治疗为本发明所关注的。
癌症放射治疗是采用放射线照射相关病患的肿瘤细胞,以破坏肿瘤细胞。然而,不幸的是,除了肿瘤细胞外,放射线可能还会攻击病患的健康细胞。至今,已发现某类药剂,如世界知识产权组织(WIPO)专利公开号WO2011/109387提及的硝基咪唑(nitroimidazole)、或美国专利公告号8507495提及的含雷帕霉素(rapamycin)及奎宁衍生物(substitutedquinoline)的组合物,可让肿瘤细胞对放射线更为敏感。透过此机制,可降低放射线的使用剂量并减少放射线攻击健康细胞的可能,甚至还可以提升放射线破坏肿瘤细胞的效果。这类药剂在临床上特别称作「癌症放射治疗的增敏剂」,但这些习知的药剂通常具备低生物兼容性。因此,确实有必要开发更多种新颖的药剂,此可作为癌症放射治疗的增敏剂,期盼可以带给癌症放射治疗更多样的选择。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面,提出一种评估癌症于放射治疗后为复发(recurrence)或缓解(remission)的方法,此方法包含以下步骤:提供一癌症病患的治疗前的血清;以及测量血清白血病抑制因子的浓度。
本发明的第二方面,提出一种白血病抑制因子抑制剂用于制备癌症放射治疗的增敏剂的用途。
本发明的第三方面,提出一种白血病抑制因子受体抑制剂用于制备癌症放射治疗的增敏剂的用途。
附图说明
图1A为一统计图,显示了鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度与疾病的复发或缓解的关联。
图1B为一接受者操作特征图,显示了鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度与疾病的复发或缓解的关联。
图1C为一统计图,说明了鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度与病患的无复发存活期的关联。
图1D为一统计图,说明了鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度与病患的无恶化存活期的关联。
图2A为一免疫组织化学染色法结果,比较了鼻咽癌病患的鼻咽肿瘤组织与鼻咽正常组织的LIF表现。
图2B为一免疫组织化学染色法结果,比较了鼻咽癌病患的鼻咽肿瘤组织与鼻咽正常组织的LIFR表现。
图2C为一西方点墨法(Western blot)结果,比较了鼻咽癌病患的鼻咽肿瘤组织与鼻咽正常组织的LIF和LIFR表现。
图3A为一曲线图,说明了施予不同物质的鼻咽癌细胞的生长。
图3B为一照片,呈现了注射不同物质的小鼠的肿瘤生长。
图3C为一曲线图,说明了注射不同物质的小鼠的肿瘤活性。
图4A为一曲线图,说明了施予不同物质搭配照射不同剂量放射线的鼻咽癌细胞的生长。
图4B为一曲线图,显示了搭配投予不同物质的放射线的IC50值。
图4C为一曲线图,说明了施予不同物质搭配照射4Gy放射线的鼻咽癌细胞的生长。
图4D为一统计图,说明了施予不同物质搭配照射4Gy放射线的鼻咽癌细胞中表现Caspase3/7+的细胞比例。
图4E为一西方点墨法结果,呈现了施予不同物质搭配照射4Gy放射线的TW06细胞内与细胞凋亡及DNA损伤反应有关的蛋白质的活化。
图4F为一西方点墨法结果,呈现了施予不同物质搭配照射4Gy放射线的CNE1细胞内与细胞凋亡及DNA损伤反应有关的蛋白质的活化。
图5A为一照片,呈现了注射不同物质搭配放射治疗的小鼠的肿瘤生长。
图5B为一曲线图,显示了注射不同物质搭配放射治疗的小鼠的肿瘤活性。
图5C为一照片,呈现了注射不同转染细胞搭配放射治疗的小鼠的肿瘤生长。
图5D为一曲线图,显示了注射不同转染细胞搭配放射治疗的小鼠的肿瘤活性。
具体实施方式
为让本文更能明显易懂,特别针对本文使用的术语予以定义,如下:
用语「白血病抑制因子(leukemia inhibitory factor,LIF)」,是指一属于介白素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)家族的细胞素,其可藉由抑制细胞分化来调控细胞生长。
用语「白血病抑制因子受体(leukemia inhibitory factor receptor,LIFR)」,又称CD118(cluster of differentiation 118),是指一可与白血病抑制因子结合的穿膜蛋白,这种结合可活化一连串膜内的讯号传递(signal transduction)。
用语「抑制剂」,是指一可抑制一特定因子活性的物质。因此,文中「白血病抑制因子抑制剂」可抑制白血病抑制因子的活性,文中「白血病抑制因子受体抑制剂」可抑制白血病抑制因子受体的活性。
用语「可溶性受体」,是指一非穿膜受体,其可与一特定因子结合。因此,文中「白血病抑制因子可溶性受体(soluble leukemia inhibitory factor receptor,sLIFR)」可与白血病抑制因子结合。
用语「抗体」,是指一由二条H链与二条L链以双硫键键结构成的Y型蛋白,其可辨识并中和一特定抗原。因此,文中「白血病抑制因子抗体」可辨识并中和白血病抑制因子,文中「白血病抑制因子受体抗体」可辨识并中和白血病抑制因子受体。
用语「siRNA」,是指一长度约为20-25个核苷酸的双链RNA,其可特异地干扰一特定基因的表现。因此,文中「白血病抑制因子siRNA」可特异地干扰白血病抑制因子基因的表现,文中「白血病抑制因子受体siRNA」可特异地干扰白血病抑制因子受体基因的表现。
用语「拮抗剂」,是指一可与一特定因子竞争的物质。因此,文中「白血病抑制因子拮抗剂」可与白血病抑制因子竞争。
根据本发明的研究,不可预期地发现:鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度越高时,疾病于治疗后有复发的趋势;反之,鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度越低时,疾病于治疗后有缓解的趋势。另外,依据前述发现,更深入地发现:白血病抑制因子可溶性受体可让鼻咽癌细胞对放射线更为敏感,藉此抑制细胞的生长。于是,本发明人认为只要能阻断鼻咽癌细胞的白血病抑制因子受体与白血病抑制因子的结合,即可让细胞对放射线更为敏感,从而抑制细胞的生长。
本发明的第一实施方式提出一种评估癌症于放射治疗后为复发或缓解的方法,此方法包含:提供一癌症病患的治疗前的血清;以及测量血清LIF的浓度。根据下文实施例,当血清LIF浓度高于4.96pg/ml时,病患的癌症于治疗后有复发的可能性;反观,当血清LIF浓度低于4.96pg/ml时,病患的癌症于治疗后有缓解的可能性。本文用语「复发」,定义为治疗时疾病症状已痊愈,但于治疗后的追踪期内症状又出现;而本文用语「缓解」,定义为治疗时疾病症状已痊愈,且于追踪期内未发现症状。
于本实施方式中,癌症可以为但不限于固态肿瘤癌(solid tumor cancer)。固态肿瘤癌的实例可以为但不限于,乳癌、肺癌、肝癌、颊癌、胃癌、结肠癌、鼻咽癌、皮肤癌、肾癌、脑癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫颈癌、肠癌、或膀胱癌,而较佳地,为鼻咽癌。
本发明的第二实施方式提出一种白血病抑制因子抑制剂的用途,此用途为用于制备癌症放射治疗的增敏剂。本实施方式的增敏剂可投予至一有放射治疗需求的个体。于个体内,增敏剂可透过抑制白血病抑制因子的活性来阻止个体的肿瘤的白血病抑制因子受体与白血病抑制因子结合,这么一来,个体的肿瘤将会对放射治疗采用的放射线更为敏感,从而改善放射治疗的疗效。
于本实施方式中,白血病抑制因子抑制剂可以为但不限于,白血病抑制因子可溶性受体、白血病抑制因子抗体、白血病抑制因子siRNA、或白血病抑制因子拮抗剂,而较佳地,为白血病抑制因子可溶性受体。
于本实施方式中,癌症可以为但不限于固态肿瘤癌。固态肿瘤癌的实例可以为但不限于,乳癌、肺癌、肝癌、颊癌、胃癌、结肠癌、鼻咽癌、皮肤癌、肾癌、脑癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫颈癌、肠癌、或膀胱癌,而较佳地,为鼻咽癌。
须指出的是,本实施方式的增敏剂可视需要地呈现不同的剂型,像是锭剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、流浸膏剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂、悬液剂、乳剂、酊剂、或静脉注射液。而且,可由医师对个体的实际情况配合放射治疗的疗程来决定增敏剂的施予剂量、时机、或途径、以及放射线的使用剂量、或时间。一般而言,本实施方式的增敏剂可于放射治疗前、时、或后施予至个体。另外,增敏剂可经血管内、椎管内、肌肉内、皮下、腹膜内、口服、直肠、阴道、鼻部、或肿瘤的途径施予至个体。
本发明的第三实施方式提出一种白血病抑制因子受体抑制剂的用途,此用途为用于制备癌症放射治疗的增敏剂。本实施方式的增敏剂可施予至一有放射治疗需求的个体。于个体内,增敏剂可透过抑制个体的肿瘤的白血病抑制因子受体的活性来阻止白血病抑制因子受体与白血病抑制因子结合,如此一来,个体的肿瘤将会对放射治疗采用的放射线更为敏感,从而改善放射治疗的疗效。
于本实施方式中,白血病抑制因子受体抑制剂可以为但不限于,白血病抑制因子受体抗体、或白血病抑制因子受体siRNA。
于本实施方式中,癌症可以为但不限于固态肿瘤癌。固态肿瘤癌的实例可以为但不限于,乳癌、肺癌、肝癌、颊癌、胃癌、结肠癌、鼻咽癌、皮肤癌、肾癌、脑癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫颈癌、肠癌、或膀胱癌,而较佳地,为鼻咽癌。
须指出的是,本实施方式的增敏剂可视需要地呈现不同的剂型,例如锭剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、流浸膏剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂、悬液剂、乳剂、酊剂、或静脉注射液。而且,可经医师对个体的实际情况搭配放射治疗的疗程来决定增敏剂的施予剂量、时机、或途径、与放射线的使用剂量、或时间。一般而言,本实施方式的增敏剂可于放射治疗前、时、或后施予至个体。再者,增敏剂可经血管内、椎管内、肌肉内、皮下、腹膜内、口服、直肠、阴道、鼻部、或肿瘤的途径施予至个体。
兹以下述实例,予以详细说明本发明上述的实施方式。
《实例1:鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度与疾病的复发或缓解的关联》
首先,取得132位鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清。接着,所有病患完整地接受放射治疗,治疗使用的放射线剂量为6840-7600cGy/7-8周。于治疗后的追踪期内,诊断全部病患的疾病为复发、或为缓解。请参阅图1A,91位病患的疾病诊断为缓解,剩余41位病患的疾病诊断为复发。且,疾病缓解的病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度大多为低于疾病复发的病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度。请参阅图1B,将这132个病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度与诊断结果作成一接受者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC),而当血清LIF浓度为4.96pg/ml时,可区分疾病的复发或缓解。
另外,将这132个病患分成二群组分别为:高表现群、及低表现群,而高表现群病患的放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度不低于4.96pg/ml,低表现群病患的放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度低于4.96pg/ml。请参阅图1C及1D,相较于低表现群病患,高表现群病患具有较为不佳的无复发存活期(recurrence-free survival)与无恶化存活期(progression-freesurvival)。
依据本实例,鼻咽癌病患放射治疗前的血清LIF浓度可作为预测鼻咽癌的复发或缓解的基准。
《实例2:鼻咽癌病患的鼻咽肿瘤组织与鼻咽正常组织的LIF和LIFR表现》
首先,利用免疫组织化学染色法(immunohistochemistry,IHC)对鼻咽癌病患的鼻咽肿瘤组织与鼻咽正常组织染色。如图2A及2B所示,肿瘤组织的LIF表现量明显高于正常组织的LIF表现量,且肿瘤组织的LIFR表现量亦明显高于正常组织的LIFR表现量。
为进一步验证上述结果,采用西方点墨法(Western blotting)。同样地,肿瘤组织的LIF表现量高于正常组织的LIF表现量,且肿瘤组织的LIFR表现量也高于正常组织的LIFR表现量(如图2C)。
综合本实例,鼻咽癌病患的肿瘤组织的微环境(microenvironment)表现有大量的LIF与LIFR。
《实例3:LIF对鼻咽癌细胞于活体内(in vivo)或于活体外(in vitro)的生长的影响》
首先,种植6×103个TW06细胞,并于37℃中培养隔夜后,投予PBS、sLIFR(1μg/ml)、LIF(10ng/ml)、或LIF与sLIFR至细胞。最后,于种植后的特定时间点,使用xCelligence实时细胞分析仪(Roche Applied Science)测定细胞的生长。请参见图3A,单独投予LIF的细胞的生长为最佳;反观,单独投予sLIFR的细胞的生长为最差。此外,同时投予LIF及sLIFR的细胞的生长仍较单独投予PBS的细胞的生长为差。
另外,将有萤火虫荧光素酶2(firefly luciferase 2)报导基因的转染TW06_Luc2细胞经皮下地注射至七周大的NOD/SCID(non-obese diabetic/severe-combinedimmunodeficient)小鼠大腿。待小鼠大腿的肿瘤成长至50mm3的体积时,经肿瘤地注射PBS、LIF(150-200ng,每周二次,共四周)、或sLIFR(1-2μg,每周二次,共四周)至小鼠。最后,于注射后的特定时间点,观察小鼠的肿瘤并利用活体分子影像系统(in vivo imaging system,IVIS)测量肿瘤的活性及体积大小。请参见图3B及3C,注射LIF的小鼠的肿瘤体积为最大;相对地,注射sLIFR的小鼠的肿瘤体积为最小。
依照本实例,LIF能提升鼻咽癌细胞于活体内或于活体外的生长;然而,sLIFR能抑制鼻咽癌细胞于活体内或于活体外的生长。
《实例4:LIF与鼻咽癌细胞于活体外对放射线抗性的关联》
首先,种植6×103个CNE1细胞,并于37℃中培养隔夜。接着,先投予PBS、或LIF(10ng/ml)至细胞,再照射细胞不同剂量的放射线。最后,于照射后的特定时间点,利用xCelligence实时细胞分析仪来测定细胞的生长。请参照图4A,投予LIF搭配照射放射线的细胞的生长确实较投予PBS搭配照射放射线的细胞的生长为佳。且,如图4B,于照射后第48小时,搭配投予PBS的放射线的IC50值为1.5Gy,而搭配投予LIF的放射线的IC50值为3.7Gy;另,于照射后第55小时,搭配投予PBS的放射线的IC50值为1.3Gy,而搭配投予LIF的放射线的IC50值为5.8Gy。
另外,种植6×103个CNE1细胞或TW06细胞,并于37℃中培养隔夜。之后,先投予PBS、sLIFR(1 μg/ml)、LIF(10 ng/ml)、或LIF加sLIFR至细胞,再照射细胞4Gy的放射线。最后,于照射后的特定时间点,利用xCelligence实时细胞分析仪来测定细胞的存活。请参见图4C,投予LIF搭配照射放射线的细胞的生长为最佳,而投予sLIFR搭配照射放射线的细胞的生长为最差。另外,同时投予LIF与sLIFR搭配照射放射线的细胞的生长仍较投予PBS搭配照射放射线的细胞的生长为差。
再者,如图4D所示,于照射后第96小时,与投予sLIFR搭配照射放射线的细胞比较,投予LIF搭配照射放射线的细胞含有相对低的Caspase3/7表现量。又如图4E及4F所示,于照射后第10分钟,投予sLIFR搭配照射放射线的细胞比投予LIF搭配照射放射线的细胞强烈地活化(磷酸化)细胞凋亡及与DNA损伤反应(DNA damage response)有关的蛋白质(ATM、p53、γH2AX、NBS-1、CDC25C)。
根据本实例,LIF可透过抑制细胞死亡的途径来促进鼻咽癌细胞对放射线的抗性;而,sLIFR可透过促进细胞死亡的途径来增加鼻咽癌细胞对放射线的敏感度。
《实例5:LIF与鼻咽肿瘤于活体内对放射线抗性的关联》
将有萤火虫荧光素酶2报导基因的转染TW06_Luc2细胞经皮下地注射至七周大的NOD/SCID小鼠大腿。当小鼠大腿的肿瘤成长至60-100mm3的体积时,经肿瘤地注射PBS、LIF(150-200ng,每周二次,共四周)、或sLIFR(1-2μg,每周二次,共四周),并于第一次注射后照射小鼠7Gy的放射线。最后,于照射后的特定时间点,观察小鼠的肿瘤并利用活体分子影像系统测量其活性及体积大小。请参看图5A及5B,注射LIF搭配照射放射线的小鼠的肿瘤体积为最大,而注射sLIFR搭配照射放射线的小鼠的肿瘤体积为最小。
为进一步地确认上述结果,各别将有萤火虫荧光素酶2报导基因与sLIFR基因的转染TW06_Luc2_sLIFR细胞、及有萤火虫荧光素酶2报导基因与绿色荧光蛋白(greenfluorescent protein,GFP)基因的转染TW06_Luc2_GFP细胞经皮下地注射至七周大的NOD/SCID小鼠大腿。直到小鼠的肿瘤成长至60-100mm3的体积时,照射小鼠7Gy的放射线。最后,于照射后的特定时间点,观察小鼠的肿瘤并利用活体分子影像系统测量其活性及体积大小。请参阅图5C及5D,相较于注射转染TW06_Luc2_GFP细胞的小鼠,注射转染TW06_Luc2_sLIFR细胞的小鼠的肿瘤体积相对地小。
依照本实例,LIF可促进鼻咽肿瘤于活体内对放射线的抗性,相反地,sLIFR可促进鼻咽肿瘤于活体内对放射线的敏感度。
上述实例仅为说明本发明的原理及其功效,然非限制本发明。本领域技术人员对上述实例所做的修饰与变化仍不违背本发明的精神。本发明的权利范围应如后续的申请专利范围所示。
Claims (11)
1.一种白血病抑制因子抑制剂用于制备鼻咽癌放射治疗的增敏剂的用途。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中该白血病抑制因子抑制剂为白血病抑制因子可溶性受体、白血病抑制因子抗体、白血病抑制因子siRNA、或白血病抑制因子拮抗剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的用途,其中该白血病抑制因子抑制剂为白血病抑制因子可溶性受体。
4.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中该增敏剂系于该放射治疗前、时、或后施予至一有该放射治疗需求的个体。
5.如权利要求4所述的用途,其中该增敏剂为经血管内、椎管内、肌肉内、皮下、腹膜内、口服、直肠、阴道、鼻部、或肿瘤的途径施予至该个体。
6.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中该增敏剂为经肿瘤的途径施予至该个体。
7.一种白血病抑制因子受体抑制剂用于制备鼻咽癌放射治疗的增敏剂的用途。
8.如权利要求7所述的用途,其中该白血病抑制因子受体抑制剂为白血病抑制因子受体抗体、或白血病抑制因子受体siRNA。
9.如权利要求7所述的用途,其中该增敏剂系于该放射治疗前、时、或后施予至一有该放射治疗需求的个体。
10.如权利要求9所述的用途,其中该增敏剂为经血管内、椎管内、肌肉内、皮下、腹膜内、口服、直肠、阴道、鼻部、或肿瘤的途径施予至该个体。
11.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中该增敏剂为经肿瘤的途径施予至该个体。
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ES2971126T3 (es) | 2016-12-19 | 2024-06-03 | Medimmune Ltd | Anticuerpos contra LIF y usos de los mismos |
WO2018115960A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Mosaic Biomedicals, S.L. | Antibodies against lif and uses thereof |
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STUDY OF INTRATUMORAL ADMINISTRATION OF HYPOXIC RADIOSENSITIZER;Yukio OIZUMI et al.;《J. Jpn. Soc. Ther. Radiol.》;19921231;第4卷;241-248页 * |
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US9194872B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
CN104623663A (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
US20150133376A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
TWI486172B (zh) | 2015-06-01 |
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