CN104608468B - Template carving process applied to craft of casting antique bronze ware - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a process for engraving templates applied in the art of casting antique bronze wares, which includes the following steps: selecting a wooden board with fine wood and good toughness, which is easy to carve finely; Copy it to the smooth surface of the plate according to the sample, so as to obtain the pattern of the original decoration or inscription; use a boxing knife to first engrave the main grain line to determine its shape, and then use a shovel knife to shovel the bottom in the blank space of the main grain, Then engrave the pattern, and finally engrave the shading on the layout; in the blank place of the main pattern, choose a shovel tool according to the size to shave and flatten it, and finally according to the different radians and angles of the bottom of the pattern, polish it again The whole bottom is round and smooth; the shading lines on the printing surface are mainly carved with a boxing knife; the carved concave relief template is compared with the flat sample and the concave relief sample repeatedly. The process method is convenient, and the engraved template is exquisite, which improves the quality of the antique bronze ware.

Description

Applied to the craft of engraving templates in the technique of casting antique bronzes

technical field

The invention relates to a process for engraving templates, in particular to a process for engraving templates applied in the art of casting antique copper.

Background technique

Bronze ware is a treasure of Chinese national culture. With the development of modern cities in my country, the rise of commercial tourism and the gradual improvement of material living standards, people's spiritual needs are also constantly improving, so the favor of bronze ware is also increasing. high. Bronze ware reveals the casting technology, cultural level and historical origin of the Chinese nation with its unique shape, exquisite decoration, and elegant inscriptions. Its historical and academic value far exceeds that of calligraphy, painting, and porcelain. Therefore, the bronze ware collection market has huge potential, and it is not only deeply loved by Chinese collectors, but also enjoys a high reputation in the world.

In recent years, some antique bronze ware industries and individuals have appeared all over the country. The imitation of ancient bronze ware is for profit. They are often affected by factors such as technical level, cultural accomplishment, and aesthetic ability. They lack technical masters and cultural background. There is also a lack of research awareness and experimental basis, so the decoration, inscriptions, inner walls, and shape of the imitation bronze ware are seriously distorted, which directly affects its ornamental value and collection value.

Because every step in the process of casting antique copper is very important, and the result of each step affects the final effect of the whole device. The commonly used engraving template process is more complicated, the decoration is exquisite and not confidential, and it is not easy to mass produce.

The phrase "template is for life" fully illustrates the importance of engraved templates, and also shows that the quality of engraved templates will affect the quality of antique bronzes. Therefore, there is a need for an engraved template process in the antique bronze casting technique. The imitation ancient bronze ware cast by this technique is more realistic in terms of decoration, inscriptions, inner walls, and vessel shapes than the ancient bronze ware, and has high ornamental value. And collection value, the antique bronze cast by this technique can meet the needs of modern people.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a process for engraving templates applied in the technology of casting antique bronzes by waxing method. The process is convenient, the engraving templates is exquisite, and the quality of antique bronzes is improved.

To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A process for engraving templates applied in the technique of casting antique bronze wares, which includes the following steps:

The first step is to choose a wooden board: choose a wooden board that is fine and tough and easy to carve;

The second step, pasting the draft on the board surface: first place the manuscript paper flat on the board surface, make marks around the manuscript paper on the board surface, then evenly smear the board surface with paste, paste the manuscript paper, and then sand the back of the manuscript paper , and then lightly wipe with cotton dipped in oil to make the manuscript paper show clear ink lines;

The third step is to finalize the engraving line of the main pattern: first carve the line of the main pattern with a boxing knife to determine its shape, then use the shovel knife to shovel the bottom of the blank space of the main pattern, then carve the pattern, and finally engrave the shading on the layout;

The fourth step, engraving concave and convex to knock the bottom: in the blank place of the main pattern, select the bottom shovel tool to shave and flatten according to the size, and finally use the corresponding chisel to flatten according to the different radians and angles of the bottom of the pattern Or polish the bottom of the round plate to make the whole bottom round and smooth;

The fifth step, finely engraved shading layout: the shading lines on the layout are mainly engraved with boxing knives;

Step 6. Repeated proofreading and trimming: compare the carved concave relief template with the flat sample and the concave relief sample repeatedly, find out the gap, and constantly correct it to be the same as the original.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, before the first step, proofreading of the drawing is also included. The method of proofreading the drawing of the drawing is: being familiar with the shape characteristics of the original device, the background of the times, the specific size, the characteristics of the decorative inscriptions and The front and back relationship between the main pattern and the shading pattern in the decoration, repeated proofreading of the original decoration rubbing pictures and line drawing drafts, relief pattern samples, and three-dimensional interior sample drafts.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the selected wood board in the first step includes one or more of the following: boxwood, Li wood, white cut wood, and the minimum thickness of the wood board is 1.5 cm.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the wood board is processed, and the processing method is: the size of the wood board is determined according to the size of the manuscript paper of the decoration and inscription, and then the wood board with the determined size is planed and polished , so that the plank is flat and fine, without scars, holes, rot, cracks and dark wounds.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the patterns described in the third step include: plain patterns, two-layer patterns, and three-layer patterns; the types of engraved patterns include: line engraving, flat engraving, intaglio, embossed engraving The knife techniques for engraving patterns include: hair, lining, picking, and repetition; the types of engraving shading include: line engraving and engraving.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the shoveling tools selected in the fourth step include: flat chisel, large chisel, double chisel, leek edge, needle chisel, root pruning chisel.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the method for finely engraving the shading layout described in the fifth step is: after engraving the concave relief of the main pattern, then the plain pattern can be finely engraved, and a Boxing knife is the main method, and the four knife methods of "hair, lining, picking, and compounding" are used to engrave the shading lines on the printing surface. The "drag knife" can also be used to drag a knife down according to the ruler to get straight and engraved lines. The depth must be the same. The convex line formed by the concave shape of the main pattern and the edge of the shading pattern is usually straight with an arc in the center and straight in the arc. The knife moves according to the pattern, and the knife technique is smooth and neat.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the repeated sample trimming described in the sixth step can also carry out wax samples on the engraved template, and compare the relief of the original device to find the gap, so that It has both form and spirit, so that it is the same as the original one. The comparison items include: shape undulations, shape size, linear trend, smooth lines, round shape, and rounded edges and corners.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

Firstly, the present invention discloses a process for engraving templates applied in the art of casting antique bronze wares. The process method is convenient, the engraving templates are exquisite, and the quality of antique bronze wares is improved.

Second, the engraving stencil process of the present invention is based on the sample design process in the technique of casting antique bronzes by the wax paste method. According to the original decoration or inscription sample draft, it is repeatedly engraved to make a delicate and precise negative pattern template, which is mainly used for wax paste. There is no need to sculpt wax models, which is convenient and easy to produce in batches, meeting the modern demand for a large number of antique bronzes.

Thirdly, the template engraved by the engraving template process of the present invention can be cast into exquisite and compact decorations, and the inner wall of the utensil is very close to the ancient objects, and the antique copper utensils have a high degree of similarity to the original utensils in shape and spirit.

detailed description

The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

This embodiment discloses a process for engraving templates applied in the technique of casting antique bronze wares, which includes the following steps:

Step 1. Proofreading drawings and drafts: Familiarize yourself with the shape characteristics of the original vessel, the background of the times, the specific size, the characteristics of the decorative inscriptions, and the relationship between the main pattern and the shading pattern in the pattern. The three-dimensional internal sample draft is repeatedly proofread.

Step 2. Select wood boards: choose wood boards that are fine and tough and easy to carve; the above-mentioned selected wood boards include one or more of the following: boxwood, Li wood, white cut wood; the minimum thickness of the above-mentioned boards is 1.5 cm .

Then the wood board is processed, the processing method is: the size of the wood board is determined according to the size of the manuscript paper of the decoration and the inscription, and then the wood board with the determined size is planed and polished, so that the wood board is smooth, fine and clean, without scars Holes, rot, cracks and undercuts.

Step 3. Paste the drawing on the board surface: first place the manuscript paper flat on the board surface, and use a pencil to mark four or five seam forks around the manuscript paper and the connection between the layout to avoid displacement when pasting the manuscript paper; then spread the paste all over the board evenly and thinly On the surface, paste the manuscript paper quickly, and use a small palm broom to gently brush it from the center to the surroundings. After the manuscript paper is pasted, use sand leather to sand the back of the manuscript paper, and wipe it lightly with cotton dipped in oil to make the manuscript paper show clear ink. Lines, easy to carve without losing shape.

Step 4. Finalize the main pattern engraving: When engraving the template, the patterns are mostly plain, two-layer, and three-layer patterns, which integrate line engraving, flat engraving, concave engraving, and embossing. Usually a boxing knife is used as the main knife, using four knife methods such as "hair, lining, picking, and re-cutting". First, engrave the lines of the main pattern to determine its shape; The second layer of patterns, and then three layers of patterns, mainly line engraving, flat engraving, intaglio and embossing, to express the shape and body of the front and rear layers; finally, the shading on the layout is engraved, and line engraving, flat engraving Mainly.

Step 5. Engraving concaves and convexes and knocking the bottom: After the main grain engraving line is finalized, compare it with the original, focus on the blank place in the main grain, and choose flat chisel, large chisel, two chisel, leek edge, and needle respectively according to its size. Chisel, root chisel and other bottom shovel tools chisel, polish and flatten. Since the technical feature of engraving templates is "subtraction", when engraving the bottom of the shovel, pay attention to the convexity in the concave, the concave in the convexity, the surface in the line, and the body in the surface, especially for the convex lines in it. Comparing with the plane sample and the concave relief sample, the method of first concave and then convex is used to go deep layer by layer, and to ponder step by step like going down a ladder. Finally, according to the different radians and angles of the bottom of the pattern, use the corresponding chisel to flatten or round the bottom and then polish it, so that the whole bottom is not only round and smooth, but also neat and fine, and more orderly.

Step 6. Finely engrave the shading layout: mainly engrave the shading lines on the publishing surface with a boxing knife; the specific method is: after engraving the concave relief of the main pattern, then the plain pattern can be finely engraved, and a boxing knife is used when engraving the line Mainly, use the four knife methods of "hair, lining, picking, and compounding" to engrave the shading lines on the printing surface. You can also use the "drag knife" to drag a knife down according to the ruler to make it straight. When engraving the line, you must The depth is consistent, the convex line formed by the concave shape of the main grain and the edge of the base grain is usually straight with an arc in the middle, and straight in the arc, and the knife is moved according to the grain, and the knife technique is smooth and neat.

Step 7. Repeated sample modification: Finally, compare the carved concave relief template with the flat sample and the concave relief sample repeatedly. You can also paste wax samples on the carved template and compare it with the original decorative relief to find out The gap is constantly trimmed, so that it has both form and spirit, so that it is the same as the original device. Including subtle changes such as body ups and downs, shape size, linear trend, smooth lines, roundness of shape, roundness of edges and corners, etc., it has a certain sense of space and a sense of unevenness; it gives people a sense of refinement and elegance.

Example 2

1. Proofreading Liu Ding's drawings

According to the "Liu Ding" document pictures and rubbings of its decorations and inscriptions, familiarize yourself with its modeling features, historical background, specific size, and the relationship between the main and shading patterns in the decorations, etc. According to the technical requirements of the technique of casting antique bronze wares by sticking wax, the line drawing drafts, embossed negative pattern drafts and three-dimensional model drafts designed and produced by the imitation wares are checked repeatedly with the relevant information of the original wares until there is no slight difference.

2. Reasonable selection of decorative panels

Choose Li wood boards with a thickness of more than 1.5 cm, arrange the boards according to the size of manuscript paper such as "Liu Ding" decorations on the surface, corresponding decorations on the utensils, decorations on parts, and inscriptions on the inner wall, planing, and polishing to make them smooth and fine.

3. Paste the decorative artwork on the board surface

First take the line drawing paper of the corresponding size and lay it flat on the board, and copy it to the smooth and smooth board according to the sample, so as to obtain the pattern of "Liu Ding" pattern or inscription, which is convenient for engraving without losing shape.

4. The main pattern is shaped with a knife engraved line

Taking the engraving of the main pattern of "Liu Ding" animal face pattern as an example, a boxing knife is mainly used, and the lines of the pattern or inscription are first engraved by four methods such as "hair, pick, lining, and repetition". The engraving finalizes the "main pattern". "Fat knife" is a knife drawn inward on the right side of the line, and "lining knife" is a knife lined at a distance of about one point to the left of the line. Then use the "picking knife" to remove the wood surface between the hair knife, lining knife and ink line, so a line is carved out; "Compound knife", at this time, the knife should be slightly deeper than the first three knifes, so that the space can be smoothly knocked out when the bottom is knocked, and the foundation of the line can be ensured. In addition, for the long line of the engraving line, a kind of "drag knife" can be used to drag it down according to the ruler to make it straight.

5. Engraving concave and convex layer by layer

In the blank place in the main pattern, use the method of "carving concave and convex layers to deepen" to knock the bottom. According to the size of the main pattern, use flat chisel, large chisel, two chisel, leek edge, needle chisel, root trimming chisel Wait until the shovel bottom tool is chiseled and flattened.

For example, when engraving the "Liu Ding" animal face pattern template, usually the Kuilong pattern with two layers of patterns is usually narrow and concave, and then the sunken pattern with three layers of patterns is carved. When "knocking the bottom", the knife technique is required to be accurate, and the shovel ground must be flat, round and smooth.

6. Precisely engraved cloud and thunder shading layout

Since the shading of the entire board is on the same horizontal plane, the engraved shading is composed of fine and complicated, natural and smooth lines. In addition to the consistent depth of the engraving lines, it must also complement and coexist with the well-defined relief forms in the concave body. Echoing from afar.

For example, when engraving the "Liu Ding" animal face pattern template, the image of the layout is often filled with cloud and thunder patterns to form a shading pattern. Still using a boxing knife as the main tool, various knife methods are used to engrave the "shading" lines on the printing surface, and the "drag knife" can also be used to draw a straight line down according to the ruler to make it straight.

Seven, repeated sample modification template

The quality of the engraved stencils in the antique copper ware cast by the wax sticking method is related to the success or failure of the whole ware. Finally, compare the engraved "Liu Ding" negative pattern stencil with the line drawing draft and the relief negative pattern model draft, and pay attention to it. If you are careless, you can also stick a wax sample on the engraved template and trim it repeatedly. The engraved template must be fine and neat, with distinct layers, and the carving should be fine and elegant, natural and smooth.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. one kind is applied to cast in bronze, brass or copper ware skill modelled after an antique and scribes form technology it is characterised in that it includes the following steps：

The first step, apolegamy plank：Wooden exquisiteness good toughness is selected to be easy to the plank worked with great care；

Second step, plate face paste rough sketch：The line drawing manuscript paper first taking corresponding size lies in plate face, copies smooth finishing to according to sample Plate face on；

3rd step, the sizing of main line groove：First carve main streakline bar with fist knife and determine its type, then with shoveling the blank space in main line for the bed plate Shovel bottom, then texturing line again, the shading finally just cut blocks for printing on face；

4th step, carve recessed staying and convex strike bottom：In the place that described main line is blank, shovel bed plate tool chisel is selected to shave light, be bulldozed according to size, Finally according to the different radian in decorative pattern bottom and angle, put down with corresponding skewer chisel skewer or skewer circle version bottom after repolish, both made whole bottom Round and mellow smooth；

5th step, the finishing impression shading space of a whole page：The shading lines on the space of a whole page are carved based on fist knife；

6th step, repeatedly to sample repair：The matrix embossed template carved, reference plane sample manuscript and matrix embossment sample manuscript are repeatedly To sample, find out gap, constantly revise, accomplish identical with prototype；Also include proofreading pattern rough sketch, check and correction before the described first step The method of pattern rough sketch is：It is familiar with modeling characteristic, historical background, concrete size, decorative pattern inscription feature and the decorative pattern of prototype Main line and the context of shading, enter to model sample manuscript in prototype decorative pattern rubbing picture and line drawing rough sketch, embossment decorative pattern sample manuscript, solid Row is proofreaded repeatedly.

2. according to claim 1 be applied to cast scribe form technology in bronze, brass or copper ware skill modelled after an antique it is characterised in that first Selection plank described in step include following one or more：Boxwood, Li Mu, white cut are wooden, and the minimum thickness of described plank is 1.5 centimetre.

3. according to claim 2 be applied to cast in bronze, brass or copper ware skill modelled after an antique scribe form technology it is characterised in that also wrapping Include and described plank is processed, processing method is：The size of described plank determines according to the manuscript paper size of decorative pattern and inscription, then Plank planing, the polishing of size will be had determined, make plank reach zero diopter carefully net, no scar spot hole, rot, lift up and split and internal injury.

4. according to claim 1 be applied to cast scribe form technology in bronze, brass or copper ware skill modelled after an antique it is characterised in that the 3rd Decorative pattern described in step includes：Plain weave, two layers of decorative pattern, three layers of decorative pattern；The species of texturing line includes：Line is carved, flat quarter, intaglio, convex Carve；The skill in using a kitchen knife in cookery of texturing line includes：Send out, serve as a contrast, choosing, answering；The species carving shading includes：Line is carved peace and is carved.

5. according to claim 1 be applied to cast scribe form technology in bronze, brass or copper ware skill modelled after an antique it is characterised in that the 4th The shovel bed plate tool selected in step includes：Flat chisel, pick greatly sky, two pick sky, leek side, pin chisel, root relief chisel.

6. according to claim 1 be applied to cast scribe form technology in bronze, brass or copper ware skill modelled after an antique it is characterised in that the 5th The method of the finishing impression shading space of a whole page described in step is：After carving just main line matrix embossment, then finishing impression plain weave again, in groove with one Based on fist knife, using " send out, serve as a contrast, choosing, multiple " four kinds of shading lines that the skill in using a kitchen knife in cookery carves on the space of a whole page, engraving straight line also available " dragging knife " according to Directly drag a knife under chi, straight and upright to take, during groove, necessary depth is consistent, the convex line that main line matrix is formed with shading edge.

7. according to claim 1 be applied to cast scribe form technology in bronze, brass or copper ware skill modelled after an antique it is characterised in that the 6th Repeatedly sample is repaired described in step can also carry out pasting wax sample in the template carved, and compare prototype decorative pattern embossment, find out Gap, so as to unity of form and spirit, is accomplished identical with prototype, and the project of comparison includes：Body fluctuating, shape size, line style tendency, line Bar is smooth, form circumference, edge corner angle round and mellow.