CN104561730A - Method for producing GCr15 bearing steel billets - Google Patents
Method for producing GCr15 bearing steel billets Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing GCr15 bearing steel billets. The method comprises the following process steps: pretreating molten iron, adding the molten iron into a 120-tonnage top-bottom combined blowing converter, LF, VD, 150mm*150mm billet continuous casting machine, performing high-line billet casting and heating, performing high pressure water scale removing, rolling and controlling cooling. Desulfurization is performed in the converter by adopting a double slag process, and endpoint catching carbon practice is realized; reduction refining, deep desulfurization and high alkalinity of molten steel are realized by virtue of LF refining; the hydrogen and nitrogen in the molten steel are removed by virtue of VD, the steel is cooled after air breaking, the slag inclusion is removed, and further desulfurization is realized; according to the continuous casting process, a low super-heat low cooling process, an electromagnetic stirring technology and a casting slow cooling process are adopted, and the casting billet quality is improved; and moreover, sufficient heating time and heating temperature are guaranteed in the casting billet heating process, the casting billet heating uniformity is guaranteed, and the carbides are fully dissolved. According to the production method disclosed by the invention, the content of oxygen, nitrogen and slag inclusion in the steel can be well controlled, and the rolled products have good comprehensive mechanical properties and meet the national standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Technology field of smelting iron and steel, particularly relate to a kind of production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet.
Background technology
Along with the development of Domestic Automotive Industry and the progress of society, the product demand of the high added values such as bearing steel is increasing, and these products have very strict requirement to harmful element, inclusion content and kind in steel,
Bearing steel is mainly used to the part manufacturing rolling bearing, they operationally subject high repeated load, therefore roller bearing steel should have high hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength, wherein GCr15 be a kind of alloy content less, there is superperformance, most widely used high-carbon-chromium bearing steel.Research shows, reduces [O] content in steel and can increase substantially the fatigue lifetime of bearing steel.Therefore will control in the important means of ultra low levels as improving SNR by [O] content in steel at present.And bearing steel inclusion type, size and quantity have significant impact the fatigue lifetime on product.
The smelting procedure of current production GCr15 bearing steel is mainly: converter procedure, the converter process of existing smelting GCr15 bearing steel, terminal catch carbon >=0.09, finishing slag basicity > 3.0; LF refining procedure, existing LF refining procedure finishing slag basicity 5-7; VD operation, soft blow time 5min, but do not adopt brokenly empty rear calm; Continuous casting working procedure, M-EMS Current 400A, frequency 2.5Hz, and adopt the strong cold technique of high pulling rate.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, under raising carbon content of molten steel, by temperature and the control of converter smelting molten steel, finished product total oxygen demand is made to be less than 10ppm, by optimizing the operations such as converter smelting, refining and continuous casting, a kind of production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet is proposed.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet, comprises the steps:
(1) hot metal pretreatment: select the molten iron met the demands, carries out molten iron pretreatment desulfurizing, requires into stove molten iron [S]≤0.02%;
(2) top and bottom combined blown converter: adopt double slag process, early stage, Reasonable adjustment rifle position, adopted 450-500nm
3the large bottom blowing stirring of/h, ensure that the fusing of slag is all right, the middle and later periods adopts 250-300nm
3the bottom blowing of/h medium tenacity, prevents slag getting dry, terminal highcasting speed and pushing off the slag operation, and carbon content control is at 0.1%-0.3%, and red packet is tapped, tapping temperature 1610-1640 DEG C;
(3) LF refining: after molten steel enters the station, killing, makes white slag to electricity rapidly, adds CaO in two batches, adjusts depending on slag fluidity bauxitic clay;
(4) VD vacuum outgas: adopt 67Pa high vacuum time 15min, adopts soft blow pattern, after vacuum-treat, get steel sample and slag specimen, weak churning time 20-30min, forbids exposed molten steel face, and vacuum-treat terminates, residual aluminium content requirement Als > 0.010%, before molten steel departures, calm 5 minutes, get slag specimen, get N and T [O] in steel sample analysis steel, before departures, do not do Ca process;
(5) continuous casting working procedure: control molten steel overheat and be not more than 30 DEG C, 1500-1505 DEG C of cast, tundish temperature≤1481 DEG C, control steel inclusion, prevent the nozzle clogging of low overheat casting cycle, accurately controls casting process molten steel temperature in tundish and stablizes; Continuous casting working procedure uses two-stage electromagnetic to stir; Weak cold low pulling rate casting; In the cast later stage, forbid ladle roughing slag;
(6) strand heating process: ensure sufficient heat-up time and Heating temperature, ensure strand homogeneous heating, carbide fully dissolves;
(7) high-pressure water descaling: utilize the mechanical impact force of high pressure water to remove the iron scale of casting billet surface;
(8) rolling process: control into final rolling temperature and laying temperature, guarantee that crystal grain is tiny, poker is even;
(9) aftertreatment: adopt stelmor production line air-cooled, obtain finished product.
In described step (2), finishing slag basicity 2.9-3.4, in terminal slag, iron level is between 13%-18%, floating plug and slag stop cone associating pushing off the slag, slag thickness < 50mm in strict control ladle.
In described step (2), control steel oxygen in water [O]
molten, adopt highcasting speed, effectively avoid the add-on of strong reductor aluminium, carbon dust, increase yield of alloy.
In described step (3), finishing slag R
2at 7-9, final slag composition: CaO=50-60%, SiO
2<10%, Al
2o
3=25-30%, MgO=5-8%.
In described step (3), reductor adopts the one in aluminum shot, silicon carbide, FeSi powder and calcium carbide.
In described step (4), the soft blow time is at more than 30min.
Weak cold low pulling rate casting in described step (5), specific water is 0.65L/kg, and pulling rate is 1.6m/min.
Two-stage electromagnetic is adopted to stir in described step (5), crystallizer electromagnetic stirring strength 350A, 2H
z; End electromagnetic agitation intensity 500A, 12H
z.
Strand heating process in described step (6), process furnace heating zone temperature: 1140-1160 DEG C, soaking zone temperature: 1220-1250 DEG C, tapping temperature: 1080-1100 DEG C; Heating zone heat-up time: 70-100min, soaking zone 70-100min heat-up time.
Entering final rolling temperature in described step (8) controls at 890-900 DEG C, and laying temperature controls at 810-820 DEG C.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by strictly controlling each production link in smelting and the operation of rolling, thus propose a set of operational path more reasonably producing GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet.Through short run development and batch trial-production, square billet quality in kind reaches design requirements, and chemical Composition Control is more satisfactory, and macrostructure is good, and inclusion content is lower, and wire rod metallographic structure is normal, and carbide rank is lower.All meet GB GB/T18254-2002 " high-carbon-chromium bearing steel " and downstream customer requirement.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet of the present invention, technical process is hot metal pretreatment → 120t top and bottom combined blown converter → LF → VD → 150mm × 150mm billet caster (band built-up type two sections of induction stirring techniques) → high line strand heating → high-pressure water descaling → rolling → control cold, comprises the steps:
(1) hot metal pretreatment: select the molten iron met the demands, carries out molten iron pretreatment desulfurizing, requires into stove molten iron [S]≤0.02%;
(2) top and bottom combined blown converter: adopt double slag process, early stage, Reasonable adjustment rifle position, adopted 450-500nm
3the large bottom blowing stirring of/h, ensure that the fusing of slag is all right, the middle and later periods adopts 250-300nm
3the bottom blowing of/h medium tenacity, prevents slag getting dry, terminal highcasting speed and pushing off the slag operation, and carbon content control is at 0.1%-0.3%, and red packet is tapped, tapping temperature 1610-1640 DEG C;
(3) LF refining: after molten steel enters the station, killing, makes white slag to electricity rapidly, adds CaO in two batches, adjusts depending on slag fluidity bauxitic clay;
(4) VD vacuum outgas: adopt 67Pa high vacuum time 15min, adopts soft blow pattern, after vacuum-treat, get steel sample and slag specimen, weak churning time 20-30min, forbids exposed molten steel face, and vacuum-treat terminates, residual aluminium content requirement Als > 0.010%, before molten steel departures, calm 5 minutes, get slag specimen, get N and T [O] in steel sample analysis steel, before departures, do not do Ca process;
(5) continuous casting working procedure: control molten steel overheat and be not more than 30 DEG C, 1500-1505 DEG C of cast, tundish temperature≤1481 DEG C, control steel inclusion, prevent the nozzle clogging of low overheat casting cycle, accurately controls casting process molten steel temperature in tundish and stablizes; Continuous casting working procedure uses two-stage electromagnetic to stir; Weak cold low pulling rate casting; In the cast later stage, forbid ladle roughing slag;
(6) strand heating process: ensure sufficient heat-up time and Heating temperature, ensure strand homogeneous heating, carbide fully dissolves;
(7) high-pressure water descaling: utilize the mechanical impact force of high pressure water to remove the iron scale of casting billet surface;
(8) rolling process: control into final rolling temperature and laying temperature, guarantee that crystal grain is tiny, poker is even;
(9) aftertreatment: adopt stelmor production line air-cooled, obtain finished product.
In described step (2), finishing slag basicity 2.9-3.4, in terminal slag, iron level is between 13%-18%, floating plug and slag stop cone associating pushing off the slag, slag thickness < 50mm in strict control ladle.
In described step (2), control steel oxygen in water [O]
molten, adopt highcasting speed, effectively avoid the add-on of strong reductor aluminium, carbon dust, increase yield of alloy.
In described step (3), finishing slag R
2at 7-9, final slag composition: CaO=50-60%, SiO
2<10%, Al
2o
3=25-30%, MgO=5-8%.
In described step (3), reductor adopts the one in aluminum shot, silicon carbide, FeSi powder and calcium carbide.
In described step (4), the soft blow time is at more than 30min.
Weak cold low pulling rate casting in described step (5), specific water is 0.65L/kg, and pulling rate is 1.6m/min.
Two-stage electromagnetic is adopted to stir in described step (5), crystallizer electromagnetic stirring strength 350A, 2H
z; End electromagnetic agitation intensity 500A, 12H
z.
Strand heating process in described step (6), process furnace heating zone temperature: 1140-1160 DEG C, soaking zone temperature: 1220-1250 DEG C, tapping temperature: 1080-1100 DEG C; Heating zone heat-up time: 70-100min, soaking zone 70-100min heat-up time.
Entering final rolling temperature in described step (8) controls at 890-900 DEG C, and laying temperature controls at 810-820 DEG C.
Produce GCr15 bearing steel to the present invention to be below described further.Concrete Production Flow Chart is: hot metal pretreatment → top and bottom combined blown converter → LF ladle refining → VD → billet continuous casting → turn over cooling bed → strand slow cooling → strand inspection → strand heating → high-pressure water descaling → thick, in roll, pre-finish rolling → finish rolling → subtract sizing → weave silk → stelmor is air-cooled → collection volume → inspection → bundling → weigh → put in storage.
(1) converter procedure
Adopt double slag process, early stage, Reasonable adjustment rifle position, adopted large bottom blowing (450-500nm
3/ h) stir, ensure that the fusing of slag is all right, the middle and later periods adopts medium tenacity (250-300nm
3/ h) bottom blowing, prevent slag getting dry, terminal highcasting speed and pushing off the slag operation, carbon content control is at 0.1%-0.3%, and red packet is tapped, tapping temperature 1610-1640 DEG C.Temperature and Composition Control situation are in table 1.
Table 1, enter stove hot metal composition and converter terminal and control situation
(2) LF refining procedure
Omnidistance control aluminium in refining process, refining cycle more than half forbidding feeds aluminium.To arc-covering slag operation be noted in refining process, require that finishing slag R2 is at 7-9, final slag composition: CaO 50-60%, SiO
2<10%, Al
2o
325-30%, MgO 5-8%; Slag adjusts alloying constituent in vain afterwards, determines oxygen.Molten steel departures Als > 0.02%.Refining time is not less than 60 minutes.Composition Control situation is in table 2.
Table 2, LF departures Composition Control situation (wt/%)
(3) VD vacuum outgas operation
Adopt 67Pa high vacuum time 15min.Adopt soft blow pattern.After vacuum-treat, get steel sample and slag specimen, weak churning time 20min.Forbid exposed molten steel face.Vacuum-treat terminates, residual aluminium content requirement Als > 0.010%.Before molten steel departures, calm 5 minutes.Get slag specimen, get N and T [O] in steel sample analysis steel.Ca process is not done before departures.N and T [O] control situation is in table 3.
Table 3, VD operation actually operating situation
(4) continuous casting working procedure
Control molten steel overheat and be not more than 30 DEG C.1502 DEG C of cast.Tundish temperature≤1481 DEG C.Control steel inclusion, prevent the nozzle clogging of low overheat casting cycle; Accurate control casting process molten steel temperature in tundish is stablized; Two-stage electromagnetic is used to stir (crystallizer 350A, 2HZ at continuous casting working procedure; End 500A, 12HZ); Adopt weak cold low pulling rate through row casting, cold specific water 0.65L/kg, pulling rate 1.6m/min; In the cast later stage, forbid ladle roughing slag.Strand macroscopic examination situation is in table 4.
Table 4, GCr15 continuous casting square billet macrostructure inspection situation
(5) rolling process
When ensureing that normal heating is produced, ensure sufficient heat-up time and Heating temperature, ensure strand homogeneous heating, carbide fully dissolves.Process furnace heating zone temperature: 1140-1160 DEG C, soaking zone temperature: 1220-1250 DEG C, tapping temperature: 1080-1100 DEG C.Heating zone heat-up time: 70-100min, soaking zone 70-100min heat-up time.Stocking inclusion and hoc scenario are if table 5, carbide ununiformity and microscopic pores situation are as table 6.
Table 5, level of inclusions
Table 6 carbide ununiformity and microscopic pores
| Microscopic pores | Carbide strip | Carbide liquid-extraction | Carbide network | |
| Standard | Nothing | ≤3.0 | ≤2.0 | - |
| Maximum | Nothing | 2.5 | 0.5 | 3.0 |
The present invention is by modify to the production technique of original GCr15 bearing steel and perfect, under use 120t top and bottom combined blown converter, 120tLF refining furnace, 120t vacuum refining furnace, Comcast 6 machine 6 flow the condition of the equipment such as arc square billet continuous casting machine, stepping recuperative heater, high-speed wire mill, finally determine new production technique, improve continuous casting billet quality, reduce strand cost, improve quality product.
Above-described embodiment is only for illustration of technological thought of the present invention and feature, its object is to enable those skilled in the art understand content of the present invention and implement according to this, only can not limit the scope of the claims of the present invention with the present embodiment, namely the equal change done of all disclosed spirit or modification, still drop in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a production method for GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) hot metal pretreatment: select the molten iron met the demands, carries out molten iron pretreatment desulfurizing, requires into stove molten iron [S]≤0.02%;
(2) top and bottom combined blown converter: adopt double slag process, early stage, Reasonable adjustment rifle position, adopted 450-500nm
3the large bottom blowing stirring of/h, ensure that the fusing of slag is all right, the middle and later periods adopts 250-300nm
3the bottom blowing of/h medium tenacity, prevents slag getting dry, terminal highcasting speed and pushing off the slag operation, and carbon content control is at 0.1%-0.3%, and red packet is tapped, tapping temperature 1610-1640 DEG C;
(3) LF refining: after molten steel enters the station, killing, makes white slag to electricity rapidly, adds CaO in two batches, adjusts depending on slag fluidity bauxitic clay;
(4) VD vacuum outgas: adopt 67Pa high vacuum time 15min, adopts soft blow pattern, after vacuum-treat, get steel sample and slag specimen, weak churning time 20-30min, forbids exposed molten steel face, and vacuum-treat terminates, residual aluminium content requirement Al s > 0.010%, before molten steel departures, calm 5 minutes, get slag specimen, get N and T [O] in steel sample analysis steel, before departures, do not do Ca process;
(5) continuous casting working procedure: control molten steel overheat and be not more than 30 DEG C, 1500-1505 DEG C of cast, tundish temperature≤1481 DEG C, control steel inclusion, prevent the nozzle clogging of low overheat casting cycle, accurately controls casting process molten steel temperature in tundish and stablizes; Continuous casting working procedure uses two-stage electromagnetic to stir; Weak cold low pulling rate casting; In the cast later stage, forbid ladle roughing slag;
(6) strand heating process: ensure sufficient heat-up time and Heating temperature, ensure strand homogeneous heating, carbide fully dissolves;
(7) high-pressure water descaling: utilize the mechanical impact force of high pressure water to remove the iron scale of casting billet surface;
(8) rolling process: control into final rolling temperature and laying temperature, guarantee that crystal grain is tiny, poker is even;
(9) aftertreatment: adopt stelmor production line air-cooled, obtain finished product.
2. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), finishing slag basicity 2.9-3.4, in terminal slag, iron level is between 13%-18%, floating plug and slag stop cone associating pushing off the slag, slag thickness < 50mm in strict control ladle.
3. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in described step (2), controls steel oxygen in water [O]
molten, adopt highcasting speed, effectively avoid the add-on of strong reductor aluminium, carbon dust, increase yield of alloy.
4. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), and finishing slag R
2at 7-9, final slag composition: CaO=50-60%, SiO
2<10%, Al
2o
3=25-30%, MgO=5-8%.
5. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), reductor adopts the one in aluminum shot, silicon carbide, FeSi powder and calcium carbide.
6. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (4), the soft blow time is at more than 30min.
7. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1, is characterized in that, weak cold low pulling rate casting in described step (5), specific water is 0.65L/kg, and pulling rate is 1.6m/min.
8. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts two-stage electromagnetic to stir, crystallizer electromagnetic stirring strength 350A, 2H in described step (5)
z; End electromagnetic agitation intensity 500A, 12H
z.
9. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, strand heating process in described step (6), process furnace heating zone temperature: 1140-1160 DEG C, soaking zone temperature: 1220-1250 DEG C, tapping temperature: 1080-1100 DEG C; Heating zone heat-up time: 70-100min, soaking zone 70-100min heat-up time.
10. the production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet according to claim 1, is characterized in that, enter final rolling temperature in described step (8) and control at 890-900 DEG C, laying temperature controls at 810-820 DEG C.
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