CN104561730B - A kind of production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet - Google Patents
A kind of production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet Download PDFInfo
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- CN104561730B CN104561730B CN201410811222.1A CN201410811222A CN104561730B CN 104561730 B CN104561730 B CN 104561730B CN 201410811222 A CN201410811222 A CN 201410811222A CN 104561730 B CN104561730 B CN 104561730B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the production method of a kind of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet, technological process is " molten iron pretreatment → 120t top and bottom combined blown converter → LF → VD → 150mm × 150mm billet caster → high line strand heating → high-pressure water descaling → roll → control cold ".Converter uses double slag process technique to carry out desulfurization, terminal highcasting speed;LF refining realizes reduction refining and deep desulfurization, the high alkalinity of molten steel;The hydrogen in molten steel and nitrogen are removed in VD vacuum outgas, calm after broken sky, removal of inclusions and further desulfurization;Casting process uses the weak cold technique of low overheat, electromagnetic agitating technology and strand retarded cooling process, improves the quality of strand;Strand heating process ensures sufficient heat time and heating-up temperature, it is ensured that strand homogeneous heating, carbide fully dissolves.The production method of the present invention well controls the content of the oxygen in steel, nitrogen and field trash, and stocking has good comprehensive mechanical property, meets national standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technology field of smelting iron and steel, particularly relate to a kind of GCr15 bearing steel little
The production method of square billet.
Background technology
Development and the progress of society, the product demand of the high added values such as bearing steel along with Domestic Automotive Industry
Increasing, these products have the strictest wanting to harmful element, inclusion content in steel with kind
Ask,
Bearing steel is mainly used to manufacture the part of rolling bearing, and they operationally subject high alternating download
Lotus, therefore roller bearing steel should have high hardness, wearability and fatigue strength, and wherein GCr15 is one
Kind alloy content is less, have superperformance, most widely used high-carbon-chromium bearing steel.Research shows,
Reduce [O] content in steel and can increase substantially the fatigue life of bearing steel.The most at present will be in steel [O]
Content controls in ultra low levels as the important means improving performance.And bearing steel inclusion type, chi
Very little and quantity has significant impact to the fatigue life of product.
Produce the smelting procedure of GCr15 bearing steel at present predominantly: converter procedure, existing smelting GCr15
The converter process of bearing steel, terminal catch carbon >=0.09, finishing slag basicity > 3.0;LF refining procedure, existing
LF refining procedure finishing slag basicity 5-7;VD operation, soft blow time 5min, but calm after not using brokenly sky;
Continuous casting working procedure, M-EMS Current 400A, frequency 2.5Hz, and use the strong cold technique of high pulling rate.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is, under improving carbon content of molten steel, by converter smelting steel
The temperature of water and control, make finished product total oxygen demand less than 10ppm, by optimization converter smelting, refine and connect
The operations such as casting, propose the production method of a kind of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of GCr15 bearing steel
The production method of small billet, comprises the steps:
(1) molten iron pretreatment: select and meet the molten iron required, carry out molten iron pretreatment desulfurizing, it is desirable to enter
Stove molten iron [S]≤0.02%;
(2) top and bottom combined blown converter: use double slag process, early stage Reasonable adjustment rifle position, use 450-500nm3/h
Big bottom blowing stirring, it is ensured that the fusing of slag is all right, the middle and later periods uses 250-300nm3/ h moderate strength
Bottom blowing, prevents slag getting dry, terminal highcasting speed and pushing off the slag operation, carbon content control at 0.1%-0.3%,
Red packet is tapped, tapping temperature 1610-1640 DEG C;
(3) LF refining: after molten steel enters the station, killing, make white slag to electricity rapidly, add in two batches
CaO, adjusts depending on slag fluidity bauxite;
(4) VD vacuum outgas: use 67Pa high vacuum time 15min, uses soft blow pattern,
After application of vacuum, take steel sample and slag specimen, weak mixing time 20-30min, forbid exposed molten steel face, vacuum
Process terminates, residual aluminium content requirement Als > 0.010%, before molten steel departures, calm 5 minutes, takes slag specimen,
Take N and T [O] in steel sample analysis steel, before departures, do not do Ca process;
(5) continuous casting working procedure: control molten steel overheat and be not more than 30 DEG C, 1500-1505 DEG C of cast, middle bag
Temperature≤1481 DEG C, control steel inclusion, prevent the nozzle clogging of low overheat casting cycle, accurately
Control casting process molten steel temperature in tundish stable;Continuous casting working procedure uses two-stage electromagnetic stirring;Weak cold low draw
Speed casting;In the cast later stage, forbid ladle roughing slag;
(6) strand heating process: ensure sufficient heat time and heating-up temperature, it is ensured that strand heating is all
Even, carbide fully dissolves;
(7) high-pressure water descaling: utilize the mechanical impact force of water under high pressure to remove the iron scale of casting billet surface;
(8) rolling process: controlling into final rolling temperature and laying temperature, it is ensured that crystal grain is tiny, poker is uniform;
(9) post processing: use stelmor production line air-cooled, obtain finished product.
In described step (2), finishing slag basicity 2.9-3.4, in terminal slag iron content 13%-18% it
Between, floating plug and slag retaining cone associating pushing off the slag, slag thickness < 50mm in strict control ladle.
In described step (2), control steel oxygen in water [O]Molten, use highcasting speed, be prevented effectively from strong de-
Oxygen agent aluminium, the addition of carbon dust, increase yield of alloy.
In described step (3), finishing slag R2At 7-9, final slag composition: CaO=50-60%, SiO2< 10%,
Al2O3=25-30%, MgO=5-8%.
One during deoxidier uses aluminum shot, carborundum, FeSi powder and calcium carbide in described step (3).
In described step (4), the soft blow time is at more than 30min.
Weak cold low pulling rate casting in described step (5), specific water is 0.65L/kg, and pulling rate is 1.6m/min.
Described step (5) uses two-stage electromagnetic stirring, crystallizer electromagnetic stirring strength 350A, 2HZ;
End electromagnetic agitation intensity 500A, 12HZ。
Strand heating process in described step (6), heating furnace bringing-up section temperature: 1140-1160 DEG C, all
Hot arc temperature: 1220-1250 DEG C, tapping temperature: 1080-1100 DEG C;The bringing-up section heat time:
70-100min, soaking zone heat time 70-100min.
Entering final rolling temperature in described step (8) to control at 890-900 DEG C, laying temperature controls at 810-820
℃。
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by each production link in smelting and the operation of rolling is strictly controlled
System, thus propose a set of process route the most reasonably producing GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet.Pass through
Small lot is developed and batch trial-production, and square billet quality in kind reaches to design requirement, and chemical Composition Control compares
Ideal, macrostructure is good, and inclusion content is relatively low, and wire rod metallographic structure is normal, and carbide rank is relatively
Low.It is satisfied by GB GB/T18254-2002 " high-carbon-chromium bearing steel " and downstream customer requirement.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail:
The production method of the GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet of the present invention, technological process be molten iron pretreatment →
120t top and bottom combined blown converter → LF → VD → 150mm × 150mm billet caster (band combined type two sections
Electromagnetic agitation technique) → high line strand heating → high-pressure water descaling → roll → control is cold, comprises the steps:
(1) molten iron pretreatment: select and meet the molten iron required, carry out molten iron pretreatment desulfurizing, it is desirable to enter
Stove molten iron [S]≤0.02%;
(2) top and bottom combined blown converter: use double slag process, early stage Reasonable adjustment rifle position, use 450-500nm3/h
Big bottom blowing stirring, it is ensured that the fusing of slag is all right, the middle and later periods uses 250-300nm3/ h moderate strength
Bottom blowing, prevents slag getting dry, terminal highcasting speed and pushing off the slag operation, carbon content control at 0.1%-0.3%,
Red packet is tapped, tapping temperature 1610-1640 DEG C;
(3) LF refining: after molten steel enters the station, killing, make white slag to electricity rapidly, add in two batches
CaO, adjusts depending on slag fluidity bauxite;
(4) VD vacuum outgas: use 67Pa high vacuum time 15min, uses soft blow pattern,
After application of vacuum, take steel sample and slag specimen, weak mixing time 20-30min, forbid exposed molten steel face, vacuum
Process terminates, residual aluminium content requirement Als > 0.010%, before molten steel departures, calm 5 minutes, takes slag specimen,
Take N and T [O] in steel sample analysis steel, before departures, do not do Ca process;
(5) continuous casting working procedure: control molten steel overheat and be not more than 30 DEG C, 1500-1505 DEG C of cast, middle bag
Temperature≤1481 DEG C, control steel inclusion, prevent the nozzle clogging of low overheat casting cycle, accurately
Control casting process molten steel temperature in tundish stable;Continuous casting working procedure uses two-stage electromagnetic stirring;Weak cold low draw
Speed casting;In the cast later stage, forbid ladle roughing slag;
(6) strand heating process: ensure sufficient heat time and heating-up temperature, it is ensured that strand heating is all
Even, carbide fully dissolves;
(7) high-pressure water descaling: utilize the mechanical impact force of water under high pressure to remove the iron scale of casting billet surface;
(8) rolling process: controlling into final rolling temperature and laying temperature, it is ensured that crystal grain is tiny, poker is uniform;
(9) post processing: use stelmor production line air-cooled, obtain finished product.
In described step (2), finishing slag basicity 2.9-3.4, in terminal slag iron content 13%-18% it
Between, floating plug and slag retaining cone associating pushing off the slag, slag thickness < 50mm in strict control ladle.
In described step (2), control steel oxygen in water [O]Molten, use highcasting speed, be prevented effectively from strong de-
Oxygen agent aluminium, the addition of carbon dust, increase yield of alloy.
In described step (3), finishing slag R2At 7-9, final slag composition: CaO=50-60%, SiO2< 10%,
Al2O3=25-30%, MgO=5-8%.
One during deoxidier uses aluminum shot, carborundum, FeSi powder and calcium carbide in described step (3).
In described step (4), the soft blow time is at more than 30min.
Weak cold low pulling rate casting in described step (5), specific water is 0.65L/kg, and pulling rate is 1.6m/min.
Described step (5) uses two-stage electromagnetic stirring, crystallizer electromagnetic stirring strength 350A, 2HZ;
End electromagnetic agitation intensity 500A, 12HZ。
Strand heating process in described step (6), heating furnace bringing-up section temperature: 1140-1160 DEG C, all
Hot arc temperature: 1220-1250 DEG C, tapping temperature: 1080-1100 DEG C;The bringing-up section heat time:
70-100min, soaking zone heat time 70-100min.
Entering final rolling temperature in described step (8) to control at 890-900 DEG C, laying temperature controls at 810-820
℃。
The present invention produces GCr15 bearing steel below be described further.Concrete production procedure is: molten iron
Pretreatment → top and bottom combined blown converter → LF ladle refining → VD → billet continuous casting → turn over cooling bed → strand delays
Cold → strand inspection → strand heating → high-pressure water descaling → thick, in roll, pre-finish rolling → finish rolling → subtract sizing
→ weave silk → stelmor is air-cooled → collection volume → inspection → bundling → weigh → put in storage.
(1) converter procedure
Use double slag process, early stage Reasonable adjustment rifle position, use big bottom blowing (450-500nm3/ h) stirring,
Ensureing that the fusing of slag is all right, the middle and later periods uses moderate strength (250-300nm3/ h) bottom blowing, prevent
Slag getting dry, terminal highcasting speed and pushing off the slag operate, and carbon content control is tapped at 0.1%-0.3%, red packet,
Tapping temperature 1610-1640 DEG C.Temperature and Composition Control situation are shown in Table 1.
Table 1, enter stove hot metal composition and converter terminal and control situation
(2) LF refining procedure
Omnidistance control aluminium in refining process, more than half the forbidding of refining cycle feeds aluminium.It is noted that submerged arc in refining process
Operation, it is desirable to finishing slag R2 is at 7-9, final slag composition: CaO 50-60%, SiO2< 10%, Al2O325-30%,
MgO 5-8%;Slag adjusts alloying component the most afterwards, determines oxygen.Molten steel departures Als > 0.02%.Refining time is not
Less than 60 minutes.Composition Control situation is shown in Table 2.
Table 2, LF departures Composition Control situation (wt/%)
(3) VD vacuum outgas operation
Use 67Pa high vacuum time 15min.Use soft blow pattern.After application of vacuum, take steel sample
And slag specimen, weak mixing time 20min.Forbid exposed molten steel face.Application of vacuum terminates, and residual aluminium content is wanted
Seek Als > 0.010%.Before molten steel departures, calm 5 minutes.Take slag specimen, take the N in steel sample analysis steel
With T [O].Ca process is not done before departures.N and T [O] control situation is shown in Table 3.
Table 3, VD operation practical operation situation
(4) continuous casting working procedure
Control molten steel overheat and be not more than 30 DEG C.1502 DEG C of cast.Tundish temperature≤1481 DEG C.Control steel
Middle field trash, prevents the nozzle clogging of low overheat casting cycle;Accurately control Baogang in the middle of casting process
Coolant-temperature gage is stable;Two-stage electromagnetic stirring (crystallizer 350A, 2HZ is used at continuous casting working procedure;End 500A,
12HZ);Use weak cold low pulling rate through row casting, cold specific water 0.65L/kg, pulling rate 1.6m/min;Water
In the note later stage, forbid ladle roughing slag.Strand macroscopic examination situation is shown in Table 4.
Table 4, GCr15 continuous casting square billet macrostructure inspection situation
(5) rolling process
In the case of ensureing that normal heating produces, it is ensured that sufficient heat time and heating-up temperature, it is ensured that casting
Base homogeneous heating, carbide fully dissolves.Heating furnace bringing-up section temperature: 1140-1160 DEG C, soaking zone temperature
Degree: 1220-1250 DEG C, tapping temperature: 1080-1100 DEG C.Bringing-up section heat time: 70-100min,
Soaking zone heat time 70-100min.Stocking field trash and hoc scenario such as table 5, carbide inhomogeneities
And microscopic pores situation such as table 6.
Table 5, level of inclusions
Table 6 carbide inhomogeneities and microscopic pores
Microscopic pores | Carbide strip | Carbide liquid-extraction | Carbide network | |
Standard | Nothing | ≤3.0 | ≤2.0 | - |
Maximum | Nothing | 2.5 | 0.5 | 3.0 |
The present invention, by modifying the production technology of original GCr15 bearing steel and perfect, is using
120t top and bottom combined blown converter, 120tLF refining furnace, 120t vacuum refining furnace, Comcast 6 machine 6 flow
Under conditions of the equipment such as arc square billet continuous casting machine, stepping recuperative heater, high-speed wire mill, finally determine
New production technology, improves continuous casting billet quality, reduces strand cost, improve product quality.
Embodiment described above is merely to illustrate technological thought and the feature of the present invention, its object is to make
Those skilled in the art are it will be appreciated that present disclosure implementing according to this, it is impossible to only with the present embodiment
Limiting the scope of the claims of the present invention, what the most all disclosed spirit was made changes on an equal basis or modifies,
Still fall in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the production method of a GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) molten iron pretreatment: select and meet the molten iron required, carry out molten iron pretreatment desulfurizing, it is desirable to enter
Stove molten iron [S]≤0.02%;
(2) top and bottom combined blown converter: use double slag process, early stage Reasonable adjustment rifle position, use 450-500nm3/h
Big bottom blowing stirring, it is ensured that the fusing of slag is all right, the middle and later periods uses 250-300nm3/ h moderate strength
Bottom blowing, prevents slag getting dry, terminal highcasting speed and pushing off the slag operation, carbon content control at 0.1%-0.3%,
Red packet is tapped, tapping temperature 1610-1640 DEG C;
(3) LF refining: after molten steel enters the station, killing, make white slag to electricity rapidly, add in two batches
CaO, adjusts depending on slag fluidity bauxite, finishing slag R2At 7-9, final slag composition: CaO=50-60%,
SiO2< 10%, Al2O3=25-30%, MgO=5-8%;
(4) VD vacuum outgas: use 67Pa high vacuum time 15min, uses soft blow pattern,
After application of vacuum, take steel sample and slag specimen, weak mixing time 20-30min, forbid exposed molten steel face, vacuum
Process terminates, residual aluminium content requirement Als > 0.010%, before molten steel departures, calm 5 minutes, takes slag specimen,
Take N and T [O] in steel sample analysis steel, before departures, do not do Ca process;
(5) continuous casting working procedure: control molten steel overheat and be not more than 30 DEG C, 1500-1505 DEG C of cast, middle bag
Temperature≤1481 DEG C, control steel inclusion, prevent the nozzle clogging of low overheat casting cycle, accurately
Control casting process molten steel temperature in tundish stable;Continuous casting working procedure uses two-stage electromagnetic stirring;Weak cold low draw
Speed casting;In the cast later stage, forbid ladle roughing slag;
(6) strand heating process: ensure sufficient heat time and heating-up temperature, it is ensured that strand heating is all
Even, carbide fully dissolves;
(7) high-pressure water descaling: utilize the mechanical impact force of water under high pressure to remove the iron scale of casting billet surface;
(8) rolling process: controlling into final rolling temperature and laying temperature, it is ensured that crystal grain is tiny, poker is uniform;
(9) post processing: use stelmor production line air-cooled, obtain finished product.
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In described step (2), finishing slag basicity 2.9-3.4, in terminal slag, iron content is between 13%-18%,
Floating plug and slag retaining cone associating pushing off the slag, slag thickness < 50mm in strict control ladle.
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature
It is, in described step (2), controls steel oxygen in water [O]Molten, use highcasting speed, be prevented effectively from strong
Deoxidier aluminium, the addition of carbon dust, increase yield of alloy.
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
One during deoxidier uses aluminum shot, carborundum, FeSi powder and calcium carbide in described step (3).
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In described step (4), the soft blow time is at more than 30min.
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Weak cold low pulling rate casting in described step (5), specific water is 0.65L/kg, and pulling rate is 1.6m/min.
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described step (5) uses two-stage electromagnetic stirring, crystallizer electromagnetic stirring strength 350A, 2HZ;End
Electromagnetic agitation intensity 500A, 12HZ。
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Strand heating process in described step (6), heating furnace bringing-up section temperature: 1140-1160 DEG C, soaking zone
Temperature: 1220-1250 DEG C, tapping temperature: 1080-1100 DEG C;Bringing-up section heat time: 70-100min,
Soaking zone heat time 70-100min.
The production method of GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Entering final rolling temperature in described step (8) and control at 890-900 DEG C, laying temperature controls at 810-820 DEG C.
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