CN104559613B - 一种减反射涂料组合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种减反射涂料组合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104559613B
CN104559613B CN201510049673.0A CN201510049673A CN104559613B CN 104559613 B CN104559613 B CN 104559613B CN 201510049673 A CN201510049673 A CN 201510049673A CN 104559613 B CN104559613 B CN 104559613B
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刘勇
胡明
樊璠
孙涛
张东旭
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Jiaxing Haote New Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种减反射涂料组合物的制备方法，包括称取阳离子聚合物和去离子水加入烧瓶，搅拌使阳离子聚合物完全溶解；快速搅拌，缓慢加入醇；滴加烷氧基硅烷；滴加完毕后，升温至30～50℃，反应4h，得到组合物A；向组合物A中边搅拌边加入纳米硅溶胶和无水乙醇或异丙醇，得到减反射涂料组合物。由本发明制备的减反射涂料组合物，经太阳能玻璃上镀膜后获得具有高硬度、优良的耐候性、耐沾污性的减反射膜。

Description

一种减反射涂料组合物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池制造技术领域，特别是涉及一种减反射涂料组合物的制备方法，其适用于在太阳能电池超白玻璃上镀减反膜。
背景技术
太阳能取之不尽、用之不竭，能缓解能源危机和减少环境污染，是理想的可再生能源。随着光伏发电效率的不断提高和太阳能电池造价的降低，太阳能光伏发电的应用已十分普遍。太阳能电池转换效率损失的主要原因之一是入射光的反射损失，而太阳能电池玻璃的透过率仅91.6%左右，在太阳能电池超白玻璃上镀减反膜是提高太阳能电池转换效率的有效途径之一。
由于溶胶凝胶法具有工艺简单、成本低、可在大尺寸的基底上镀膜等优点，太阳能电池减反膜的制备方法主要使用溶胶凝胶法。CN101531468公开了一种碱、酸催化法分别制备硅溶胶，配制镀膜液，在太阳能超白玻璃上镀减反膜的方法。CN101885586公开了一种碱催化制备硅溶胶，在太阳能玻璃上镀膜、钢化、疏水处理制得耐候减反射膜的方法。虽然上述方法可以得到减反射涂层，但耐候性差，与镀膜玻璃生产厂家的工艺不匹配。CN102351201B提供一种二氧化硅多孔质体，该二氧化硅多孔质体具有较低的折射率，并且对水稳定。但在太阳能超白玻璃上镀膜后，膜层在后续的过程中易沾污，难清洗。
发明内容
本发明是基于上述课题而作出的，目的在于提供了一种减反射涂料组合物的制备方法，经镀膜后获得具有高硬度、优良的耐候性、耐沾污性的减反射膜。
本发明的解决技术问题所采取的技术方案是，一种减反射涂料组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
（1）分别称取阳离子聚合物和去离子水加入烧瓶，搅拌使阳离子聚合物完全溶解；快速搅拌，缓慢加入醇；
（2）滴加烷氧基硅烷；滴加完毕后，升温至30～50℃，反应4h，得到组合物A；
（3）向组合物A中边搅拌边加入纳米硅溶胶和无水乙醇或异丙醇，得到减反射涂料组合物。
优选地，所述阳离子聚合物是一种水溶性阳离子聚合物，选自二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的季铵化共聚物和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸共聚物中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述去离子水与阳离子聚合物的质量比为3～10∶1。
优选地，所述醇选自甲醇、乙醇和/或异丙醇；所述醇与阳离子聚合物的质量比为50～100∶1。
优选地，所述烷氧基硅烷选自四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷和/或甲基三乙氧基硅烷；所述烷氧基硅烷与阳离子聚合物的质量比为5～25∶1。
优选地，所述纳米硅溶胶为球形纳米硅溶胶或中空纳米硅溶胶；所述纳米硅溶胶与组合物A以各自的SiO2计的质量比为1～4∶1。
所述中空纳米硅溶胶的制备方法，参考中国专利CN201210236950.5公开的内容。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的减反射涂料组合物为中性，无腐蚀性。本发明的减反射涂料组合物，形成的减反射层具有高硬度、优良的耐候性和耐沾污性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1：
称取二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物15g、去离子水150g加入圆底烧瓶，搅拌使聚合物完全溶解；然后快速搅拌下缓慢加入无水乙醇750g。再在1h内滴入四乙氧基硅烷375g；滴加完毕后，升温至45℃，反应4h，即得到组合物A 1290g。
向上述所得1290g组合物A中加入1730g纳米硅溶胶（ZS-25，固含量25%，浙江宇达化工有限公司），继续加入异丙醇稀释，得到固含量约7.5%的减反射涂料组合物。经采用辊涂方式在太阳能玻璃上镀膜，并钢化等，得到太阳能减反射玻璃。主要技术指标测试结果如下表所示。
实验编号 增透率 膜层铅笔硬度 粘胶带状况 湿冻实验透过降低
实施例1 2.0% 2H 轻微粘 0.7%
实施例2 2.3% 4H 不粘 0.3%
实施例3 2.1% 4H 不粘 0.4%
实施例2：
称取乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的季铵化共聚物15 g、去离子水105g加入圆底烧瓶，搅拌使聚合物完全溶解；然后快速搅拌下缓慢加入异丙醇1500g。再在1h内滴入四甲氧基硅烷142.5g；滴加完毕后，升温至50℃，反应4h，即得到组合物A1762.5g。
向上述所得1762.5g组合物A中加入固含量5%中空纳米硅溶胶3375g，加入无水乙醇使减反射涂料组合物固含量约为4.0%。经采用辊涂方式在太阳能玻璃上镀膜，并钢化等，得到太阳能减反射玻璃。主要技术指标测试结果如上表所示。
实施例3
称取二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸共聚物15 g、去离子水45g加入圆底烧瓶，搅拌使聚合物完全溶解；然后快速搅拌下缓慢加入异甲醇1050g。再在1h内滴入甲基三甲氧基硅烷75g；滴加完毕后，升温至30℃，反应4h，即得到组合物A 1185g。
向上述所得1185g组合物A中加入固含量5%中空纳米硅溶胶660g，加入无水乙醇使减反射涂料组合物固含量约为3.0%。经采用辊涂方式在太阳能玻璃上镀膜，并钢化等，得到太阳能减反射玻璃。主要技术指标测试结果如上表所示。

Claims (4)

1.一种减反射涂料组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
（1）分别称取阳离子聚合物和去离子水加入烧瓶，搅拌使阳离子聚合物完全溶解；快速搅拌，缓慢加入醇；
（2）滴加烷氧基硅烷；滴加完毕后，升温至30～50℃，反应4h，得到组合物A；
（3）向组合物A中边搅拌边加入纳米硅溶胶和无水乙醇或异丙醇，得到减反射涂料组合物；
所述去离子水与阳离子聚合物的质量比为3～10∶1；
所述醇选自甲醇、乙醇和/或异丙醇；所述醇与阳离子聚合物的质量比为50～100∶1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减反射涂料组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述阳离子聚合物是一种水溶性阳离子聚合物，选自二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的季铵化共聚物和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酸共聚物中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减反射涂料组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烷氧基硅烷选自四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷和/或甲基三乙氧基硅烷；所述烷氧基硅烷与阳离子聚合物的质量比为5～25∶1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减反射涂料组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述纳米硅溶胶为球形纳米硅溶胶或中空纳米硅溶胶；所述纳米硅溶胶与组合物A以各自的SiO2计的质量比为1～4∶1。
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