CN116120834B - 一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:(1)将正硅酸乙酯加入乙醇中,加盐酸、硼酸、硅酸钠粉体,搅拌溶解,密封、陈化得到复合溶胶A;(2)将阳离子表面活性剂加入水和醇类溶剂的混合液中,高速搅拌形成稳定微乳液B;(3)配制以笼形低聚倍半硅氧烷、甲基MQ硅树脂为分散相,有机溶剂为分散介质的混合溶液C,控制三者的质量比为1:(1~5):(5~20);(4)向微乳液B中滴加溶胶A,磁力搅拌,反应、分离和热处理,得到纳米空心钠硼硅微球;将其和混合溶液C混合均匀得涂膜液D;将涂膜液D涂覆于预处理后的基片表面,烘干或自然环境下空气固化4 h~24h。本发明优点:本发明制得的封闭多孔柔性减反射层静止水接触角≥100°,滚动角≤15°,铅笔硬度≥4H,380 nm~1200nm波长范围平均透过率≥94.2%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能膜层的制备领域,涉及一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法。
背景技术
光伏组件所用钢化镀膜玻璃一般为单层或双层无机氧化硅玻璃涂层,为达到一定的减反射效果,同时保持一定的机械强度,镀膜液在玻璃基板表面涂覆后需要经过钢化炉的高温固化过程并在膜层中产生一定孔隙结构。然而在此种镀膜玻璃的生命周期内,长期复杂气候条件、环境污染以及人工或机械清洗会使涂层的使用效果逐渐降低,涂层脱落或者不可逆的污染、磨损影响发电效率,而直接更换钢化镀膜玻璃成本较高。此外,对于日益增多的使用场景,可弯曲柔性光伏电池应用逐渐普及,其表面盖板材料为工程塑料或者可弯曲柔性玻璃,而无机涂层的脆性使其无法应用至这一领域。
现有技术中,为制备低折射率多孔涂层,其涂料中含有成孔剂或者成膜物粒子是核-壳结构。在热处理过程中,随着成孔剂或者核模板剂的热分解,形成多孔结构涂层。然而,由于成膜过程过高的升温速率,所得涂层存在较多开放式孔隙,不利于机械强度和抗污性的提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供一种封闭多孔柔性减反射涂层的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)制备复合溶胶A:
按正硅酸乙酯:乙醇的体积比为1: (1.6~2.6),将正硅酸乙酯加入乙醇中,充分搅拌后向其中滴加正硅酸乙酯体积48%~81%的pH=1~2的盐酸水溶液,搅拌均匀后加入硼酸和硅酸钠粉体,控制正硅酸乙酯:硼酸:硅酸钠的质量比为(84.7%~93.6%) : (4.3%~10.6%) :(2.1%~4.7%),搅拌使之完全溶解(至混合液再次澄清透明),随后再持续搅拌4 h~8h,密封、静置陈化(6 h~36h),得到复合溶胶A;
(2)制备微乳液B:
控制阳离子表面活性剂:水:醇类的质量比为(10~30) : (10~50) :1,在10℃~35℃条件下,将阳离子表面活性剂加入水和醇类溶剂的混合液中,高速搅拌4 h~12 h,形成稳定微乳液B;
本发明采用微乳液法制备纳米空心材料,微乳液法属于软模板法,通常以表面活性剂形成的胶束为模板,在很低的浓度下即可大幅降低溶剂的表面张力,同时改变体系的界面组成和结构,防止原生粒子团聚;利用乳剂吸附硅源物质来形成简单的壳层包覆结构,然后通过加热、酸化等过程来去除模板制备中空SiO2材料;
(3)制备混合溶液C:
室温条件下,配制以笼形低聚倍半硅氧烷、甲基MQ硅树脂为分散相,有机溶剂为分散介质的混合溶液C,控制低聚倍半硅氧烷:甲基MQ硅树脂:有机溶剂的质量比为1: (1~5):(5~20),充分搅拌4 h~8 h备用;
笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷(polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane,简称POSS)作为一种新型有机-无机杂化材料,由Si-O交替连接的硅氧骨架组成无机内核,其形状如同一个“笼子”,通式 (RSiO3/2)n,其中n 通常为8,10及12等,R为八个顶角Si原子所连接基团,可以为反应性或者惰性基团,R基为乙烯基、氨基、苯基时可分别称之为乙烯基POSS、氨基POSS和苯基POSS;笼型POSS的框架结构可赋予其良好的介电性、光学性质及弹性、韧性,在增韧方面,POSS纳米粒子能终止微裂纹尖端的发展,有助于涂层的柔韧性;将POSS作为纳米填料或作为共聚单体引入甲基MQ硅树脂中,可以优化聚合物溶液黏度以及形成涂层后的抗氧化性和抗水性;
(4)按微乳液B:溶胶A的质量比为(2~3.5) :1,向微乳液B中滴加溶胶A,磁力搅拌下,经反应(40℃~70℃水浴)、分离和热处理(350℃~600℃下热处理10 min~40 min)得到纳米空心钠硼硅微球;按纳米空心钠硼硅微球:混合溶液C质量比1: (20~35),将纳米空心钠硼硅微球和混合溶液C混合,搅拌均匀得涂膜液D;
(5)将涂膜液D涂覆于预处理(清洗、干燥)后的基片表面,经鼓风干燥箱80℃~300℃烘干2 min~30min,或者自然环境下空气固化4 h~24h,即可得到封闭多孔柔性减反射层。
进一步,所述复合溶胶A中,以氧化物计,各组分的摩尔分数如下:65%~85% SiO2,5%~18% B2O3,2.5%~8% Na2O,同时满足下列条件:n(B2O3):n(SiO2)<0.28,n(Na2O):n(B2O3)<0.26,n(H2O):n(SiO2)=6~10,n(C2H5OH):n(SiO2)=6~10。
进一步,所述步骤(2)中阳离子表面活性剂为聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/N,N-二甲氨基甲基丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸共聚物中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述步骤(2)中醇类溶剂为异丙醇、正丙醇、二丙酮醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、正己醇、乙醇中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中有机溶剂为120号溶剂油、二甲基硅油、十甲基环五硅氧烷、二乙二醇单乙基醚醋酸酯、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、丙二醇甲醚丙酸酯、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯、甲基异丁基甲酮中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述步骤(4)纳米空心钠硼硅微球和混合溶液C混合过程中加入混合液总质量0.2%~2.5%的硅烷偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂。
进一步,所述硅烷偶联剂为 γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述钛酸酯偶联剂为 异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸酯、二焦磷酰氧基羟乙酸钛酸酯、二(三乙醇胺)钛酸二异丙酯、双(乙酰丙酮基)二异丙基钛酸酯中的一种或几种。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下特点:
制备微乳液并以其液滴作为模板,加入钠硼硅复合溶胶,形成核-壳粒子分散液,通过分离、热处理得到空心纳米粒子,与有机硅树脂分散液混合得到有机-无机杂化涂料,其涂层具有较低的成膜温度和一定的柔韧性、疏水性,静止水接触角≥100°,滚动角≤15°,铅笔硬度≥4H,既具有较高的强度,又具有较好的抗污性;可用于光伏电池表面涂层,起到易洁、抗污作用。涂层的多孔结构是由纳米空心微球形成的封闭孔,由此产生的低折射率涂层具有良好的光学减反射性能,380~1200nm波长范围平均透过率≥94.2%;该封闭多孔柔性减反射层不仅可应用于普通钢化玻璃基板,还可以涂覆、固化于PET、CPI等工程塑料或者可弯曲柔性玻璃;可在应用现场施工并可低温成膜,且可根据光伏组件和涂层工况重新涂装。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的实施和保护范围不限于此。
一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,具体实施步骤如下:
实施例1
(1)将20 mL正硅酸乙酯加入41.8 mL乙醇中,充分搅拌,然后向其中滴加13 mL的0.1mol/L的盐酸水溶液,再加入2.22 g硼酸和0.76 g硅酸钠粉体,继续搅拌使之完全溶解至混合液再次澄清透明,持续搅拌4小时,密封、静置陈化18h,得到复合溶胶A;
(2)将15 g纯水,1 g异丙醇,35 g含10%二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物的水分散液进行混合,常温下高速搅拌5 h,形成稳定微乳液B;
(3)将2g甲基丙烯酸乙酯化笼形倍半硅氧烷、3g甲基MQ硅树脂(M : Q = 1 : 1)、15g甲基环五硅氧烷进行混合,混合均匀得混合溶液C;
(4)在磁力搅拌下,向微乳液B中滴加(90min)18g复合溶胶A,加入完成后继续在45℃水浴下搅拌90min,过滤分离,在450℃下热处理30 min,得到纳米空心钠硼硅微球;将0.3g纳米空心钠硼硅微球与10g聚合物溶液C混合,搅拌均匀得涂膜液D;
(5)将涂膜液D涂覆于清洗干燥后的30μm柔性可弯曲玻璃基片表面,经鼓风干燥箱120℃烘干10min,即可得到封闭多孔柔性减反射层。
实施例2
(1)将20 mL正硅酸乙酯加入36 mL乙醇中,充分搅拌,然后向其中滴加13 mL的0.1mol/L的盐酸水溶液,再继续加入1.12 g硼酸和0.38g硅酸钠粉体,继续搅拌使之完全溶解至混合液再次澄清透明,持续搅拌4小时,密封、静置10h,得到复合溶胶A;
(2)将20 g 纯水,1 g 无水乙醇,35 g含20 %聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵的水分散液进行混合,常温下高速搅拌8 h,形成稳定微乳液B;
(3)将1g甲基丙烯酸乙酯化笼形倍半硅氧烷、3g甲基MQ硅树脂(M : Q = 0.
8:1)、16g 120号溶剂油进行混合,混合均匀得混合溶液C;
(4)在磁力搅拌下向微乳液B中滴加(90min)18g复合溶胶A,加入完成后继续在55℃水浴下搅拌90min,离心分离,将粉料在500℃下热处理20 min,得到纳米空心钠硼硅微球;将0.35g纳米空心钠硼硅微球与10g聚合物溶液C混合,搅拌均匀得涂膜液D;
(5)将涂膜液D涂覆于经过清洗干燥的厚度为100μm的透明聚酰亚胺薄膜表面,经自然环境下空气固化8 h,即可得到封闭多孔柔性减反射层。
Claims (9)
1.一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)制备复合溶胶A:
按正硅酸乙酯: 乙醇的体积比为1: (1.6~2.6),将正硅酸乙酯加入乙醇中,搅拌后向其中滴加正硅酸乙酯体积48%~81%的pH=1~2的盐酸水溶液,搅拌均匀后加入硼酸和硅酸钠粉体,控制正硅酸乙酯: 硼酸: 硅酸钠的质量比为(84.7%~93.6%) : (4.3%~10.6%) :(2.1%~4.7%),搅拌使之完全溶解,随后再持续搅拌4 h~8h,密封、静置陈化,得到复合溶胶A;
(2)制备微乳液B:
控制阳离子表面活性剂: 水 : 醇类的质量比为(10~30) : (10~50) :1,在10~35℃条件下,将阳离子表面活性剂加入水和醇类溶剂的混合液中,高速搅拌4 h~12 h,形成稳定微乳液B;
(3)制备混合溶液C:
室温条件下,配制以笼形低聚倍半硅氧烷、甲基MQ硅树脂为分散相,有机溶剂为分散介质的混合溶液C,控制低聚倍半硅氧烷 : 甲基MQ硅树脂 : 有机溶剂的质量比为1: (1~5):(5~20),充分搅拌4 h~8 h备用;
(4)按微乳液B : 溶胶A的质量比为(2~3.5) :1,向微乳液B中滴加溶胶A,磁力搅拌下,经反应、分离和热处理得到纳米空心钠硼硅微球;按纳米空心钠硼硅微球: 混合溶液C质量比1: (20~35),将纳米空心钠硼硅微球和混合溶液C混合,搅拌均匀得涂膜液D;
(5)将涂膜液D涂覆于预处理后的基片表面,经鼓风干燥箱80℃~300℃烘干2 min~30min,或者自然环境下空气固化4h~24h,即可得到封闭多孔柔性减反射膜层。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中反应温度为40℃~70℃,热处理的温度为350℃~600℃、热处理的时间为10 min~40min。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述复合溶胶A中,以氧化物计,各组分的摩尔分数如下:65%~85% SiO2,5%~18% B2O3,2.5%~8% Na2O,同时满足下列条件:n(B2O3): n(SiO2)<0.28,n(Na2O): n(B2O3)<0.26,n(H2O): n(SiO2)=6~10,n(C2H5OH): n(SiO2)=6~10。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中阳离子表面活性剂为聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/N,N-二甲氨基甲基丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸共聚物中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中醇类溶剂为异丙醇、正丙醇、二丙酮醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、正己醇、乙醇中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中有机溶剂为120号溶剂油、二甲基硅油、十甲基环五硅氧烷、二乙二醇单乙基醚醋酸酯、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、丙二醇甲醚丙酸酯、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯、甲基异丁基甲酮中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)纳米空心钠硼硅微球和混合溶液C混合过程中加入混合液总质量0.2%~2.5%的硅烷偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂为 γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求7所述一种封闭多孔柔性减反射层的制备方法,其特征在于:所述钛酸酯偶联剂为 异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酰氧基)钛酸酯、二焦磷酰氧基羟乙酸钛酸酯、二(三乙醇胺)钛酸二异丙酯、双(乙酰丙酮基)二异丙基钛酸酯中的一种或几种。
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