CN104549176B - 多孔吸附膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多孔吸附膜,属于高分子领域。由壳聚糖溶胶、β‑环糊精聚合物、聚乙二醇‑20000、硅烷偶联剂、二氧化钛胶体按一定比例配制而成。其中β‑环糊精聚合物由β‑环糊精与柠檬酸钠交联而成,壳聚糖溶胶由壳聚糖加入到醋酸中搅拌而得,二氧化肽胶体钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、蒸馏水、冰醋酸制成。本发明的多孔膜既吸附重金属离子,又可以吸附有机物。发明还公开了该多孔吸附膜的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多孔吸附膜及其制备方法,属于高分子领域。
背景技术
重金属废水是工矿业生产过程中不可避免产生的,很低浓度的重金属在环境中就可以造成很严重的后果,破坏水体自净、在生物体内富集、打破生态平衡、危害人类健康。例如,铜是人体的必需的化学元素,然而,当其在水中超过了一定的浓度就会使水源被污染,其主要来源于金属加工、电镀、矿产的开采、冶炼等,最高可达到几十毫克每升。超标的含铜废水会造成各种环境问题和安全问题:当水中铜的含量达到0.01mg/L时,会抑制水体自净;达到3.0mg/L时,会使水体产生异味;达到15mg/L时,水体就无法正常饮用。过多的铜进入人体会引发各种皮肤类的和心血管系统的疾病,甚至危害生命。历史上重金属污染带来的悲剧已经屡见不鲜了,由于其危害程度和难降解性,要求我们对于含重金属废水的排放,一定要经过一定的处理和降解,一定要严格按照国家规定标准,防患于未然。
另外,有机物废水,如印染废水等也在我国的工业废水中占有很大的比重,大量的有机废水的排放,易造成水质腐败,导致水体富营养化等环境问题。
然而,目前很多工业废水中往往既包含重金属也包含有机物,故而针对某种废水的单一吸附剂已经不能满足要求,这就迫切需求我们研制出一种即能吸附重金属离子,又可以吸附有机物的新型材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种多孔吸附膜,处理含重金属、有机物的废水。
本方明还提供了该多孔吸附膜的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的多孔吸附膜由以下物料制成:壳聚糖溶胶、β-环糊精聚合物、聚乙二醇-2000、硅烷偶联剂、二氧化钛胶体;各物料的用量为:每100L壳聚糖溶胶中加入β-环糊精聚合物5~20kg、聚乙二醇-20000 1~5kg、硅烷偶联剂0.25~0.5L、二氧化钛胶体0.05~1L;
所述β-环糊精聚合物由β-环糊精通过柠檬酸钠进行交联,加入二水磷酸二氢钠为催化剂,加热反应5~24个小时,烘干,洗涤,抽滤而成;所述的β-环糊精、柠檬酸钠和二水磷酸二氢钠的质量比为30~40:8:1;
所述壳聚糖溶胶由壳聚糖加入到醋酸溶液中,均匀搅拌而得;所述醋酸溶液的浓度为2~10%,所述壳聚糖与醋酸的质量体积比为1~10:100kg/L;
所述二氧化肽胶体由下述方法制备:将钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇以体积比2~5:5的比例混合得混合液A;将无水乙醇与蒸馏水、冰醋酸以体积比25~50:2:1的比例混合得混合液B;将混合液B逐滴加入混合液A中,搅拌得二氧化肽胶体;所述混合液A和混合液B的体积比为:1:0.01~0.05。
优选的:
壳聚糖溶胶每100L中加入β-环糊精聚合物12.5kg、聚乙二醇-20000 3kg、硅烷偶联剂0.375L、二氧化钛胶体0.5L;
所述β-环糊精聚合物由β-环糊精通过柠檬酸钠进行交联,加入二水磷酸二氢钠为催化剂,加热反应15个小时,烘干,洗涤,抽滤而成;所述的β-环糊精、柠檬酸钠和二水磷酸二氢钠的质量比为35:8:1;
所述壳聚糖溶胶由壳聚糖加入到醋酸溶液中,均匀搅拌而得;所述醋酸溶液的浓度为6%,所述壳聚糖与醋酸的质量体积比为5:100kg/L;
所述二氧化肽胶体由下述方法制备:将钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇以体积比3.5:5的比例混合得混合液A;将无水乙醇与蒸馏水、冰醋酸以体积比37.5:2:1的比例混合得混合液B;将混合液B逐滴加入混合液A中,搅拌得二氧化肽胶体;所述混合液A和混合液B的体积比为:1:0.03。
所述硅烷偶联剂优选乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷。
组分说明
1、壳聚糖溶胶:壳聚糖分子中丰富的氨基和羟基,可以与重金属离子发生螯合成反应,生成络合物,而且通过一般的化学方法就可解吸其吸附的金属离子,另具有无毒、易于改性、可生物降解等优点。
2、β-环糊精聚合物,有“内疏水,外亲水”的结构,可以包裹一些有机污染物,外环的羟基可和金属离子络,且其易于改性。
3、二氧化钛溶胶,克服了二氧化钛粉末易团聚、难沉降、不易回收利用等缺陷,避免使用了常用的高温煅烧,使得二氧化钛以纳米的尺寸分布在壳聚糖-环糊精溶胶内,不仅能够发挥其对重金属离子的高效吸附和大吸附容量的优点,而且也可利用纳米二氧化钛的光催化效果,降解如甲基橙等有机染料
本发明的优点在于:
1、本发明壳聚糖和β-环糊精交联起来,发挥他们的吸附和包裹的双重特性,不仅能对金属离子有很好的吸附效果,对有机物也有很好的效果;
2、本发明原料来源广泛,价格低廉,制备方法简单;
3、本发明的复合材料用途广泛,可用做污水处理剂、空气净化剂,另外,由于壳聚糖的抗菌性,也可以用作抗菌膜。
本发明还提供了上述多孔吸附膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取壳聚糖溶胶、β-环糊精聚合物、聚乙二醇-20000、硅烷偶联剂、二氧化钛胶体,备用;
2)将β-环糊精聚合物、硅烷偶联剂、聚乙二醇-20000、二氧化钛胶体加入壳聚糖溶胶中,混合均匀;
3)将2)所得混合物涂覆在玻璃片表面,在烘箱中50℃烘干,用2~10%的氢氧化钠溶液脱膜之后将膜洗至中性,置于去离子水中于80℃浸泡10~24h,制得多孔吸附膜。
优选的将2)所得混合物涂覆在玻璃片表面,在烘箱中50℃烘干,用6%的氢氧化钠溶液脱膜之后将膜洗至中性,置于去离子水中于80℃浸泡18小时制得多孔吸附膜。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的制备方法做进一步描述。
[实施例一]
1)制备壳聚糖溶胶:取壳聚糖1kg加入到2%的醋酸溶液100L中,均匀搅拌得壳聚糖溶胶;
2)制备β-环糊精聚合物:取β-环糊精聚合物15kg通过柠檬酸钠4kg进行交联,加入二水磷酸二氢钠0.5kg为催化剂,加热反应5个小时,烘干,洗涤,抽滤可得;
3)制备二氧化肽胶体:取钛酸四丁酯0.4L、无水乙醇1L混合得混合液A;无水乙醇25ml与蒸馏水2ml、冰醋酸1ml混合得混合液B;将混合液B逐滴加入混合液A中,所用混合液A和混合液B的体积比为:1:0.01,搅拌得二氧化肽胶体。
4)将β-环糊精聚合物5kg、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷0.25L、聚乙二醇-20000 1kg、二氧化钛胶体0.05L加入100L壳聚糖溶胶中,混合均匀;
5)将4)所得混合物涂覆在玻璃片表面,在烘箱中50℃烘干,用2%的氢氧化钠溶液脱膜之后将膜洗至中性,置于去离子水中于80℃浸泡10h,制得多孔吸附膜。
[实施例二]
1)制备壳聚糖溶胶:取壳聚10kg加入到10%的醋酸溶液100L中,均匀搅拌得壳聚糖溶胶;
2)制备β-环糊精聚合物:取β-环糊精聚合物20kg通过柠檬酸钠4kg进行交联,加入二水磷酸二氢钠0.5kg为催化剂,加热反应24个小时,烘干,洗涤,抽滤可得;
3)制备二氧化肽胶体:取钛酸四丁酯0.5L、无水乙醇0.5L混合得混合液A;无水乙醇50ml与蒸馏水2ml、冰醋酸1ml混合得混合液B;将混合液B逐滴加入混合液A中,所用混合液A和混合液B的体积比为:1:0.05,搅拌得二氧化肽胶体。
4)将β-环糊精聚合物20kg、聚乙二醇-20000 5kg、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷0.5L、二氧化钛胶体1L加入100L壳聚糖溶胶中,混合均匀;
5)将4)所得混合物涂覆在玻璃片表面,在烘箱中50℃烘干,用10%的氢氧化钠溶液脱膜之后将膜洗至中性,置于去离子水中于80℃浸泡24h,制得多孔吸附膜。
[实施例三]
1)制备壳聚糖溶胶:制备壳聚糖溶胶:取壳聚糖5kg加入到6%的醋酸溶液100L中,均匀搅拌得壳聚糖溶胶;
2)制备β-环糊精聚合物:取β-环糊精聚合物17.5kg通过柠檬酸钠4kg进行交联,加入二水磷酸二氢钠0.5kg为催化剂,加热反应15个小时,烘干,洗涤,抽滤可得;
3)制备二氧化肽胶体:取钛酸四丁酯0.35L、无水乙醇0.5L混合得混合液A;无水乙醇37.5ml与蒸馏水2ml、冰醋酸1ml混合得混合液B;将混合液B逐滴加入混合液A中,所用混合液A和混合液B的体积比为:1:0.03,搅拌得二氧化肽胶体。
4)将β-环糊精聚合物12.5kg、聚乙二醇-20000 3kg、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷0.375L、二氧化钛胶体0.5L加入100L壳聚糖溶胶中,混合均匀;
5)将4)所得混合物涂覆在玻璃片表面,在烘箱中50℃烘干,用6%氢氧化钠溶液脱膜之后将膜洗至中性,置于去离子水中于80℃浸泡18小时得多孔吸附膜。
下面通过试验进一步说明本发明
取一定浓度的硫酸铜(甲基橙)溶液,向其中加入一定质量的多孔吸附膜。在一定的pH值、温度下反应,然后将溶液进行过滤,将滤液稀释到相应的浓度,用紫外分光光度计在其最大吸收波长处测定吸光度,计算滤液中重金属离子、有机物的浓度。
1、配置初始浓度为10mg/L的硫酸铜溶液,取100mL分别加入7个装有100mg多孔吸附膜的锥形瓶中,分别置于不同温度(25℃、35℃、45℃、55℃、65℃、75℃、85℃)的恒温震荡箱中反应,转速120r/min,反应2h。用紫外分光光度计于425nm处测定反应后的滤液,记录铜离子浓度。
由图1可见,膜吸附铜离子随温度的升高不断上升,在55℃达到峰值,最大吸附量达到9.52mg/g。最大吸附率为95.2%。
2、配置初始浓度为10mg/L的硫酸铜溶液,分别取100mL加入5瓶锥形瓶中,调节pH分别为:3.00、3.50、4.00、4.50、5.00、5.50、6.00,并在每个锥形瓶中加入100mg多孔吸附膜,置于恒温震荡箱中反应,温度55℃,转速120r/min,反应时间2h。用紫外分光光度计于425nm处测定反应后的滤液,记录铜离子浓度。
由图2可见,在pH为3.00~5.50时,膜吸附铜离子量随pH值的升高不断上升,在pH=5.50时达到峰值,最大吸附量达到9.60mg/g。最大吸附率为96.0%。
3、配置初始浓度为10mg/L的甲基橙溶液,取100mL加入装有100mg多孔吸附膜的锥形瓶中,置于恒温震荡箱中反应,温度控制在50℃,转速120r/min,反应2h(每间隔15min取一次样)。用紫外分光光度计于463nm处测定反应后的滤液,记录甲基橙浓度。
由图3可见,膜吸附甲基橙随时间的增长不断上升,在90min达到峰值,最大吸附量达到9.03mg/g。最大吸附率为90.3%。
Claims (6)
1.一种多孔吸附膜,由下述物料制备而成:壳聚糖溶胶、β-环糊精聚合物、聚乙二醇-20000、硅烷偶联剂、二氧化钛胶体;所述物料的用量为:每100L壳聚糖溶胶中加入β-环糊精聚合物5~20kg、聚乙二醇-20000 1~5kg、硅烷偶联剂0.25~0.5L、二氧化钛胶体0.05~1L;
所述β-环糊精聚合物由β-环糊精通过柠檬酸钠进行交联,加入二水磷酸二氢钠为催化剂,加热反应5~24个小时,烘干,洗涤,抽滤而成;所述的β-环糊精、柠檬酸钠和二水磷酸二氢钠的质量比为30~40:8:1;
所述壳聚糖溶胶由壳聚糖加入到醋酸溶液中,均匀搅拌而得;所述醋酸溶液的浓度为2~10%,所述壳聚糖与醋酸的质量体积比为1~10:100kg/L;
所述二氧化钛胶体由下述方法制备:将钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇以体积比2~5:5的比例混合得混合液A;将无水乙醇与蒸馏水、冰醋酸以体积比25~50:2:1的比例混合得混合液B;将混合液B逐滴加入混合液A中,搅拌得二氧化钛胶体;所述混合液A和混合液B的体积比为:1:0.01~0.05。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔吸附膜,其特征在于所述多孔吸附膜由下述物料制备而成:壳聚糖溶胶、β-环糊精聚合物、聚乙二醇-20000、硅烷偶联剂、二氧化钛胶体;所述物料的用量为:每100L壳聚糖溶胶中加入β-环糊精聚合物12.5kg、聚乙二醇-20000 3kg、硅烷偶联剂0.375L、二氧化钛胶体0.5L;
所述β-环糊精聚合物由β-环糊精通过柠檬酸钠进行交联,加入二水磷酸二氢钠为催化剂,加热反应15个小时,烘干,洗涤,抽滤而成;所述的β-环糊精、柠檬酸钠和二水磷酸二氢钠的质量比为35:8:1;
所述壳聚糖溶胶由壳聚糖加入到醋酸溶液中,均匀搅拌而得;所述醋酸溶液的浓度为6%,所述壳聚糖与醋酸的质量体积比为5:100kg/L;
所述二氧化钛胶体由下述方法制备:将钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇以体积比3.5:5的比例混合得混合液A;将无水乙醇与蒸馏水、冰醋酸以体积比37.5:2:1的比例混合得混合液B;将混合液B逐滴加入混合液A中,搅拌得二氧化钛胶体;所述混合液A和混合液B的体积比为:1:0.03。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多孔吸附膜,其特征在于所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷。
4.一种权利要求1或2所述多孔吸附膜的制备方法,其包括下列步骤:
1)将β-环糊精聚合物、硅烷偶联剂、聚乙二醇-20000、二氧化钛胶体加入壳聚糖溶胶中,混合均匀;
2)将1)所得混合物涂覆在玻璃片表面,在烘箱中50℃烘干,用2~10%的氢氧化钠溶液脱膜之后将膜洗至中性,置于去离子水中于80℃浸泡10~24小时,制得多孔吸附膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述多孔吸附膜的制备方法,所述氢氧化钠的浓度为6%。
6.根据权利要求4所述多孔吸附膜的制备方法,所述浸泡时间为18小时。
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