CN104547474B - 一种中药制剂在制备治疗肝癌药物中的用途 - Google Patents

一种中药制剂在制备治疗肝癌药物中的用途 Download PDF

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CN104547474B
CN104547474B CN201410842523.0A CN201410842523A CN104547474B CN 104547474 B CN104547474 B CN 104547474B CN 201410842523 A CN201410842523 A CN 201410842523A CN 104547474 B CN104547474 B CN 104547474B
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陈满锦
邹锦新
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Abstract

本发明公开一种中药制剂在制备治疗肝癌药物中的用途。该中药制剂的主要原料有蔓荆子、谷精草、防己、知母、黄芩、生地黄、柴胡、当归、青葙子、防风、菟丝子、蚕沙、升麻、桔梗、白芍、牛蒡子、决明子、泽泻、穿山甲、穿心莲、白花蛇舌草和甘草,这些药材通过本发明制备工艺可以被制成临床需要的成品制剂。该中药制剂在肝癌等实体瘤方面具有很好的抗癌活性,而且具有制备工艺简便易行、个体差异小、药效稳定确切、易于推广应用等技术优势。

Description

一种中药制剂在制备治疗肝癌药物中的用途
技术领域
本发明公开一种中药制剂在制备治疗肝癌药物中的用途,属于中药领域。
背景技术
肝癌是指发生在肝脏的肿瘤,有原发性和继发性之分。肝癌在中医学中属于"积聚"、"癥瘕"、"黄疸"、"胀"、"胁痛"等范畴。
1、原发性肝癌:是肝细胞或肝内胆管上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。像肝硬化患者容易转患为原发性肝癌。
2、继发性肝癌:是身体其他脏器的癌肿转移至肝脏而形成继发性肝癌。多数由胃癌、大肠癌转移所致。少数由胰腺癌和胆道癌转移肝脏所致。
肝癌是死亡率仅次于胃癌、食道癌的第三大常见恶性肿瘤,原发性肝癌是临床上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,根据最新统计,全世界每年新发肝癌患者约六十万,居恶性肿瘤的第五位。肝癌初期症状并不明显,晚期主要表现为肝痛、乏力、消瘦、黄疸、腹水等症状。临床上一般采取西医的手术、放化疗与中药结合疗法,但晚期患者因癌细胞扩散而治愈率较低。因此,加强原发性肝癌治疗的研究,延长患者生存期,提高疗效,改善患者生活质量是临床肿瘤工作者的当务之急。
中药中医认为癌是正气不足、气滞、痰凝、血瘀日久而引起的,中医认为治疗癌症要以“软坚散结”为原则,可延长生命、减轻痛苦、防止复发转移,最终实现“长期带瘤生存”。肝癌在中医临床中多属于“肝积”、“痞气”、“臌胀”、“黄疸”等范畴。祖国医学认为情志抑郁、气机不畅,肝失疏泄,故见上腹胀痛,胃纳减退,苔腻,脉弦细;气滞血淤,血性受阻,日积月累,故见肋下有积,胀痛不适,倦怠乏力,面色黧黑,消瘦,苔腻,舌质紫暗,脉细涩;脾虚生湿,湿郁化热,热毒内蕴,故见黄疸,发热,齿衄;臌胀,苔黄腻而感,脉弦数。探索中药治疗肝癌之路,一直是全世界医药界关注的重点,也是肝癌治疗取得突破的希望之一。中医对肝癌的治疗,一般强调“瘀、毒、虚”是肝癌的本质,并结合中医临床辨证。辨证首先辨虚实、再辨脏腑气血亏虚。中医致病强调“三分治七分养”,具有安全性高、毒副作用小、不易复发等优点。
发明内容
针对目前肝癌尚无非常有效的药物治疗,本发明的目的在于提供一种中药制剂在制备治疗肝癌药物中的用途,根据自身多年的中医临床经验和祖传的验方,通过临床实践反复验证调整,发明人重新组方,并开发一套制备工艺,使得该组方在利用其制备工艺后可以制成临床需要的多种成品剂型,不单对肝癌有十分显著的治疗效果,而且疗效稳定、个体差异小、制备工艺简便易行、适合批量生产、易于推广应用。该中药制剂由以下原料制得:蔓荆子、谷精草、防己、知母、黄芩、生地黄、柴胡、当归、青葙子、防风、菟丝子、蚕沙、升麻、桔梗、白芍、牛蒡子、决明子、泽泻、穿山甲、穿心莲、白花蛇舌草、甘草。
本发明所述中药制剂中,所述蔓荆子:本品为马鞭草科植物单叶蔓荆或蔓荆的干燥成熟果实。味辛、苦,性微寒;归膀胱、肝、胃经;疏散风热,清利头目。
谷精草:本品为谷精草科植物谷精草的干燥带花茎的头状花序。味辛、甘,性平;归肝、肺经;疏散风热,明目,退翳。
防己:本品为防己科植物粉防己的干燥根。味苦,性寒;归膀胱、肺经;利水消肿,祛风止痛。
知母:本品为百合科植物知母的干燥根茎。味苦、甘,性寒;归肺、胃、肾经;清热泻火,生津润燥。
黄芩:本品为唇形科植物黄芩的干燥根。味苦,性寒;归肺、胆、脾、大肠、小肠经;清热燥湿,泻火解毒,止血,安胎。
生地黄:本品为玄参科植物地黄的新鲜或干燥块根。味甘,性寒;归心、肝、肾经;清热凉血,养阴,生津。
柴胡:本品为伞形科植物柴胡或狭叶柴胡的干燥根。味苦,性微寒;归肝、胆经;和解表里,疏肝,升阳。
当归:本品为伞形科植物当归的干燥根。味甘、辛,性温;归肝、心、脾经;补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便。
青葙子:本品为苋科植物青葙的干燥成熟种子。味苦,性微寒;归肝经;清肝,明目,退翳。
防风:本品为伞形科植物防风的干燥根。味辛、甘,性温;归膀胱、肝、脾经;解表祛风,胜湿,止痉。
菟丝子:本品为旋花科植物菟丝子的干燥成熟种子。味甘,性温;归肝、肾、脾经;滋补肝肾,固精缩尿,安胎,明目,止泻。
蚕沙:为蚕蛾科动物家蚕蛾幼虫的干燥粪便。味甘;辛;性温;肝;脾;胃经;祛风除湿;和胃化浊;活血通经。
升麻:本品为毛茛科植物大三叶升麻、兴安升麻或升麻的干燥根茎。味辛、微甘,性微寒;归肺、脾、胃、大肠经;发表透疹,清热解毒,升举阳气。
桔梗:本品为桔梗科植物桔梗的干燥根。味苦、辛,性平;归肺经;宣肺,利咽,祛痰,排脓。
白芍:本品为毛茛科植物芍药的干燥根。味苦、酸,性微寒;归肝、脾经;平肝止痛,养血调经,敛阴止汗。
牛蒡子:本品为菊科植物牛蒡的干燥成熟果实。味辛、苦,性寒;归肺、胃经;疏散风热,宣肺透疹,解毒利咽。
决明子:本品为豆科植物决明或小决明的干燥成熟种子。味甘、苦、咸,性微寒;归肝、大肠经;清热明目,润肠通便。
泽泻:本品为泽泻科植物泽泻的干燥块茎。味甘,性寒;归肾、膀胱经;利小便,清湿热。
穿山甲:味咸;性微寒。肝;胃经。活血散结;通经下乳;消 痈溃坚。主血瘀经闭;症瘕;风湿痹痛;乳汁不下;痈肿;瘰疬
穿心莲:味苦,性寒;归心、肺、胃、膀胱经;清热解毒,利湿消肿;主治风热感冒,温病发热,肺热咳喘,肺痈,咽喉肿痛,湿热泄泻,黄疸,热淋,血淋,湿疹,丹毒,痄腮,疮疖痈肿。
白花蛇舌草:苦甘,寒。入心、肝、脾三经。清热,利湿,解毒。治肺热喘咳,扁桃体炎。痢疾,尿路感染,黄疸,肝炎,痈肿疔疮,肿瘤。
甘草:本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根。味甘,性平;归心、肺、脾、胃经;补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。
本发明中药制剂的组方分析:
该组方是以谷精草、青葙子、决明子、生地黄、蔓荆子、穿心莲、白花蛇舌草为君药,消肿散结、解毒抗癌、疏风散热、祛风除湿;以防风、知母、升麻、蚕沙、菟丝子、穿山甲为臣药,解表祛风、清热泻火、滋肝补肾、活血祛瘀、升举阳气;以防己、黄芩、白芍、当归为佐药,祛风止痛、泻火解毒、平肝养血;以柴胡、桔梗、牛蒡子、泽泻为使药,和表解里、宣肺祛痰、透疹解毒;以甘草调和诸药。诸药合用,共奏解毒抗癌、软坚散结、活血化瘀、益气扶正之功效。
为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是所述治疗肝癌的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的中药材制成的:蔓荆子10-25份、谷精草6-17份、防己11-27份、知母10-26份、黄芩13-29份、生地黄20-30份、柴胡21-32份、当归11-29份、青葙子7-19份、防风11-24份、菟丝子14-26份、蚕沙5-17份、升麻12-30份、桔梗5-12份、白芍10-22份、牛蒡子8-20份、决明子9-17份、泽泻13-26份、穿山甲6-15份、穿心莲10-25份、白花蛇舌草10-28份、甘草20-30份。
实践中优选出来的疗效显著的配比为(以重量份计):蔓荆子18份、谷精草12份、防己24份、知母16份、黄芩25份、生地黄25份、柴胡28份、当归22份、青葙子17份、防风22份、菟丝子24份、蚕沙16份、升麻27份、桔梗9份、白芍18份、牛蒡子16份、决明子11份、泽泻23份、穿山甲10份、穿心莲18份、白花蛇舌草25份、甘草28份。
该中药的制备工艺为以下步骤:
(1)、按中药组方分别称取蔓荆子、谷精草、防己、知母、黄芩、生地黄、柴胡、当归、青葙子、防风、菟丝子、蚕沙、升麻、桔梗、白芍、牛蒡子、决明子、泽泻、穿山甲、穿心莲、白花蛇舌草、甘草等各味药材,分别粉碎,备用;
(2)、将所有药材加入初始药材9倍重量的纯化水,浸泡18小时,回流煎煮2小时,过滤,再加入初始重量6倍重量的纯化水,回流煎煮2小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(3)、将步骤(2)的滤渣加6倍重量的浓度65%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,并浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(4)、将步骤(2)和(3)所得的浓缩液合并,继续浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.30的中药浸膏,备用;
(5)、将步骤(4)的中药浸膏添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成临床需要的成品剂型。例如颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂、口服液、胶囊剂、散剂或糖浆剂等。
本发明通过试验例1考察了本发明中药制剂对肝癌肿瘤细胞株的抑制效果,本发明中药制剂各组和阳性药组对肝癌均具有显著的治疗作用,其中本发明中药制剂高剂量组的抑瘤率高于阳性药物组,高剂量组与阳性药组相比具有显著性差异。本发明还通过试验例2临床实验证明本发明中药制剂对肝癌患者的治疗有效率为86.1%,可见本发明对部分病例具有治愈作用,本发明中药制剂是一种较理想的治疗肝癌药物。
总之,与现有技术相比,本发明具有很好的抗癌活性,并且可以作为抗癌药物使用,且具有疗效好、标本兼治、不易复发等治疗优势;并且本发明中药制剂制备简单,基本无毒,原料易得,药效稳定,适于大众化使用,具有很好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式进一步描述本发明,但本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明所述的中药制剂进行适当改进、替换功效相同的组分,对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。
实施例1
(1)、按中药组方分别称取蔓荆子10kg、谷精草6kg、防己11kg、知母10kg、黄芩13kg、生地黄20kg、柴胡21kg、当归11kg、青葙子7kg、防风11kg、菟丝子14kg、蚕沙5kg、升麻12kg、桔梗5kg、白芍10kg、牛蒡子8kg、决明子9kg、泽泻13kg、穿山甲6kg、穿心莲10kg、白花蛇舌草10kg、甘草20kg各味药材,分别粉碎,备用;
(2)、将所有药材加入初始药材9倍重量的纯化水,浸泡18小时,回流煎煮2小时,过滤,再加入初始重量6倍重量的纯化水,回流煎煮2小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(3)、将步骤(2)的滤渣加6倍重量的浓度65%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,并浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(4)、将步骤(2)和(3)所得的浓缩液合并,继续浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.30的中药浸膏,备用;
(5)、将步骤(4)的中药浸膏添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成胶囊剂。
实施例2
(1)、按中药组方分别称取蔓荆子25kg、谷精草17kg、防己27kg、知母26kg、黄芩29kg、生地黄30kg、柴胡32kg、当归29kg、青葙子19kg、防风24kg、菟丝子26kg、蚕沙17kg、升麻30kg、桔梗12kg、白芍22kg、牛蒡子20kg、决明子17kg、泽泻26kg、穿山甲15kg、穿心莲25kg、白花蛇舌草28kg、甘草30kg各味药材,分别粉碎,备用;
(2)、将所有药材加入初始药材9倍重量的纯化水,浸泡18小时,回流煎煮2小时,过滤,再加入初始重量6倍重量的纯化水,回流煎煮2小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(3)、将步骤(2)的滤渣加6倍重量的浓度65%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,并浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(4)、将步骤(2)和(3)所得的浓缩液合并,继续浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.30的中药浸膏,备用;
(5)、将步骤(4)的中药浸膏添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成片剂。
实施例3
(1)、按中药组方分别称取蔓荆子18kg、谷精草12kg、防己24kg、知母16kg、黄芩25kg、生地黄25kg、柴胡28kg、当归22kg、青葙子17kg、防风22kg、菟丝子24kg、蚕沙16kg、升麻27kg、桔梗9kg、白芍18kg、牛蒡子16kg、决明子11kg、泽泻23kg、穿山甲10kg、穿心莲18kg、白花蛇舌草25kg、甘草28kg各味药材,分别粉碎,备用;
(2)、将所有药材加入初始药材9倍重量的纯化水,浸泡18小时,回流煎煮2小时,过滤,再加入初始重量6倍重量的纯化水,回流煎煮2小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(3)、将步骤(2)的滤渣加6倍重量的浓度65%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,并浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(4)、将步骤(2)和(3)所得的浓缩液合并,继续浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.30的中药浸膏,备用;
(5)、将步骤(4)的中药浸膏添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成片剂。
试验例 1 本发明所述的中药制剂对肝癌肿瘤细胞株的抑制实验
一、 材料
1、药物:本发明实施例3制备的中药制剂片剂。
2、动物:昆明种小鼠,体重20-24 克。
3、瘤株:肝癌 HepS22,由中国医学科学院生物技术所提供。
二、实验方法:
取荷瘤传代鼠脱颈椎处死,固定于板上,切开皮肤,选择肿瘤生长良好、无坏死或液化的癌组织,按1∶3 加入无菌生理盐水,用组织匀浆器制成细胞悬液,于实验小鼠腋窝皮下接种0.2ml。每次实验接种55 只雄性鼠,重复实验时改用雌鼠,接种后次日随机分组,每组12 只。实验设高、中、低三个剂量组及对照组和阳性药对照组,其中高剂量为1g/kg 体重,中剂量为0.5g/kg 体重,低剂量为0.25g/kg 体重。阳性药为环磷酰胺20mg/kg 体重,灌胃给药,每天一次,给药 10 天后处死。称体重,摘瘤,称重,计算抑瘤率,计算公式如下:
表 1 给药后各组药物的抑瘤率比较
与空白组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与阳性药组比较,#P<0.05
由表1可以看出,本发明中药制剂各组和阳性药组对肝癌均具有显著的治疗作用,其中本发明中药制剂高剂量组的抑瘤率高于阳性药物组,高剂量组与阳性药组相比具有显著性差异。
试验例 2 本发明中药制剂180 例肝癌患者的临床实验资料
一、病例选择
1、诊断标准
西医诊断标准参照我国卫生部医政司编《中国常见恶性肿瘤诊治规范》( 第二版,1991) 的原发性肝癌诊断标准。中医辨证标准:气阴两虚证、血瘀肝郁证,参照国家技术监督局《中医病证分类与代码》( 北京:国标准出版社,1995,21)
2、 病例纳入标准
有明确诊断的原发性肝癌,属临床Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的患者;中医辨证属气阴两虚、血瘀肝郁证型的患者;预计生存在 3 个月以上者;年龄在18-70 岁的患者,排除孕妇及哺乳期妇女;
3、试验方法:
患者服用本发明实施例3 制得的片剂,每次5 克,每日3 次,温开水冲服。2 个月为1个疗程,用药1 个疗程。
4、疗效判定标准:
显效:主要症状明显改善或消失,病灶缩小1/2 以上,并持续1 个月以上。
有效:主要症状有所改善或明显改善,病灶缩小1/4 以上,并持续1 个月以上。
无效:主要症状无改善或加重,病灶无变化或发展。
5 治疗结果
表2 本发明中药制剂对肝癌患者的治疗效果
由表2可以看出,本发明中药制剂对肝癌患者的治疗有效率为86.1%,可见本发明对部分病例具有治愈作用,本发明中药制剂是一种较理想的治疗肝癌药物。

Claims (4)

1.一种中药制剂在制备治疗肝癌药物中的用途,其特征在于,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的中药材制成的:蔓荆子10-25份、谷精草6-17份、防己11-27份、知母10-26份、黄芩13-29份、生地黄20-30份、柴胡21-32份、当归11-29份、青葙子7-19份、防风11-24份、菟丝子14-26份、蚕沙5-17份、升麻12-30份、桔梗5-12份、白芍10-22份、牛蒡子8-20份、决明子9-17份、泽泻13-26份、穿山甲6-15份、穿心莲10-25份、白花蛇舌草10-28份、甘草20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的中药材制成的:蔓荆子18份、谷精草12份、防己24份、知母16份、黄芩25份、生地黄25份、柴胡28份、当归22份、青葙子17份、防风22份、菟丝子24份、蚕沙16份、升麻27份、桔梗9份、白芍18份、牛蒡子16份、决明子11份、泽泻23份、穿山甲10份、穿心莲18份、白花蛇舌草25份、甘草28份。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的用途,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的制备工艺为以下步骤:(1)、按中药组方分别称取蔓荆子、谷精草、防己、知母、黄芩、生地黄、柴胡、当归、青葙子、防风、菟丝子、蚕沙、升麻、桔梗、白芍、牛蒡子、决明子、泽泻、穿山甲、穿心莲、白花蛇舌草、甘草各味药材,分别粉碎,备用;
(2)、将所有药材加入初始药材9倍重量的纯化水,浸泡18小时,回流煎煮2小时,过滤,再加入初始重量6倍重量的纯化水,回流煎煮2小时,过滤并保留滤渣,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(3)、将步骤(2)的滤渣加6倍重量的浓度65%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,并浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.20的浓缩液备用;
(4)、将步骤(2)和(3)所得的浓缩液合并,继续浓缩至60℃相对密度为1.30的中药浸膏,备用;
(5)、将步骤(4)的中药浸膏添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成临床需要的成品剂型。
4.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的用途,其特征在于,所述中药制剂为颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂、口服液、胶囊剂、散剂或糖浆剂。
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