CN104533993A - Brake disc and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Brake disc and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104533993A CN104533993A CN201410660004.2A CN201410660004A CN104533993A CN 104533993 A CN104533993 A CN 104533993A CN 201410660004 A CN201410660004 A CN 201410660004A CN 104533993 A CN104533993 A CN 104533993A
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a brake disc; carbide coating layers are arranged on surfaces of a working part of the brake disc; and the invention provides a preparation method for obtaining the brake disc. The brake disc is provided with the carbide coating layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the working part. A pseudo-single crystal WC compact ceramic layer, a micron WC ceramic layer and a compound layer of WC and a matrix are gradiently distributed in sequence from outside to inside, and are applied to the surface of carbon steel. The brake disc can be applied to the surface of the carbon steel. A matrix and tungsten compound body obtained through casting is externally leaded in an external carbon source, and is heated and insulated to form the carbide coating layers on the surfaces of the matrix; and the coating layers and the matrix are metallurgically bonded, so that the binding force is strong, the problems of weak binding force and easy dropping of particles caused by traditional non-metallurgical bonding between hard particles and metal matrix, and the wear resistance of the working surface of the brake disc is largely improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brake disc with wear resistant coating and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to one and there is gradient composite coating brake disc and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of gradient composite coating brake disc being applied to steel surface and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Brake disc is the component of all motor vehicle braking system indispensabilities, it is fixed on axletree and rotates together with wheel, and during brake, brake slipper is expressed on brake disc under the promotion of clamp piston, reduce vehicle wheel rotational speed by the frictional force between brake slipper and brake disc, reach the object of vehicle deceleration braking.Along with the acceleration of vehicle, brake disc will bear the pressure of brake slipper and frictional force increases, with the relative movement of brake slipper in produce and wear and tear, have on working surface especially the foreign material such as sandstone time, wear and tear even more serious, greatly shorten the working life of brake disc.Therefore the material making brake disc should have higher mechanical strength, has good wearability again.
Brake disc common at present has the single materials such as malleable cast iron, gray cast iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, although intensity meets working condition requirement, wear resistance is too poor, and general 100,000 km will be changed, have even because thickness is not enough after brake disc long term wear, cause formulating and malfunctioningly lead to traffic accident.The carbon fiber ceramic composite brake discs good heat dissipation of up-to-date development, ultra lightweight, wear resistance is remarkable, can reach hundreds of thousands kilometer working life in theory, be several times of cast iron brake disc mean lifetime, but its preparation process is meticulous and complicated, price is unattainable, is only applicable to aviation and aerospace engineering field.As this very popular article of consumption of automobile, also need to develop new cheap high performance brake dish, can meet the requirement of intensity, plasticity and toughness and wear resistance, with low cost again, preparation process is simple, is applicable to shaping on a large scale production.
The coating of carbide material uses more a kind of material at present stage, and hardness is high, abrasion resistance properties is superior feature that it has, covers with coating way wear resistance and the life-span that the component prepared by body material can be improved in alloy base surface.Wherein the carbide fusing point of tungsten and hardness all higher, and better with the compatibility of iron, be desirable wear resistant coating component.Be a kind of common cladding material, it has following advantageous features:
(1) Tungsten carbite has high strength, high hardness and high-modulus;
(2) WC good toughness, resistance to shock loads and wear resistance are good, be combined have good anti-interfacial corrosion ability with matrix, and it and iron and steel wettability are good, and wetting angle is therebetween zero;
(3) China is the Fu Changuo of tungsten, so select WC all very suitable on technology, economic and social benefit as reinforcing phase.
Therefore, WC coating is widely used as chipless cold/hot metal machining tool, cutting tool, various mould, the anti-corrosion part surface of antiwear heat resisting etc.
Metal current material surface cladding technique has: laser cladding, self-propagating high-temperature sintering technology, means of a powder metallurgy technique, material vapor deposition technique (comprising: chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD)) etc., but, there is the deficiencies such as manufacturing mechanism requirement is harsh, manufacturing efficiency is low, coating bond is low in these methods.
Therefore the coating of WC phase how is obtained at brake disc working surface, and select the preparation method that a kind of manufacturing mechanism is simple, technological process is short, to obtain with good, the difficult drop-off of basal body binding force and the coating of mechanical property, wear-resisting property excellence is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The defect existed for above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of composite brake discs, the surface of its working position has a kind of wear resistant coating, and disk body is still plain steel, this wear resistant coating is WC dense ceramic layers, its chemical stability and wear resistance good, there is low coefficient of friction, high hardness, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity; And further, provide a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned composite brake discs.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of brake disc, its braking plate surface has a kind of gradient composite coating, it is preferably coated on brake disc braking plate surface, to improve wear resistance and the fracture toughness on its surface, particularly steel surface, and a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned coating is provided.
Described brake disc, has wear resistant coating in its disk body working position.This coating favourable guarantee brake disc braking plate surface has very high hardness and good wear resistance, and disk body inside has good toughness.
For realizing the object of the invention, present invention employs following technological scheme:
A kind of brake disc, have resistance to coating on its brake disc braking plate surface, this wear resistant coating is WC dense ceramic layers; Preferably, WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microstructure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50-180 μm, is preferably 100-180 μm; Preferably, wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 85%; Preferably, WC particle diameter is 10-50 μm, is preferably 20-50 μm.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of brake disc, have gradient composite coating on its brake disc braking plate surface, described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the fused layer of the WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron WC ceramic layer, WC and matrix.
Preferably, WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microstructure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50-180 μm, is preferably 100-180 μm; Preferably, wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 85%; Preferably, WC particle diameter is 10-50 μm, is preferably 20-50 μm.
Further preferably, along micron WC ceramic layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-180 μm, is preferably 130-180 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 75%, is preferably greater than 80%, and its particle diameter is 5-30 μm, is preferably 6-25 μm.
Still more preferably, along the fused layer longitudinal profile of WC and matrix, its thickness is 60-300 μm, is preferably 100-300 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 40%-80%, and be preferably 60%-80%, its particle diameter is 1-20 μm, is preferably 5-10 μm.
Preferably, gradient composite coating total thickness is 180-660 μm; Preferably at 330-660 μm.
More preferably, disk body tissue is according to heat treatment mode one or more that can be divided in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite different; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in steel surface.
The invention provides the brake disc braking plate preparation method that a kind of surface has wear resistant coating, comprise the steps:
1) first prepare a tungsten plate 2, preferably, wherein the purity of tungsten should control at 99.7-99.99%; Preferably, described tungsten plate 2 is first by addition surface treatment;
2) according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm, and described tungsten plate thickness is 0.2-3mm.Wherein said brake disc diameter 325mm, tray height is 85mm, and brake disc braking plate thickness is 20mm.
3) according to brake disc size, sand mold is made; Preferably, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, preferably, temperature controls at 1610 DEG C-1630 DEG C; ;
5) adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the sand mold being placed with brake disc evaporative pattern, tungsten plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooling, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining brake disc disk body is plain steel, and braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610 DEG C-1630 DEG C; More preferably, pouring time, 40-50 was advisable second; Further preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms wear resistant coating on brake disc braking plate surface, and disk body is still plain steel.
Wherein, wear resistant coating is WC dense ceramic layers.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in holding time, holding temperature obtain this WC dense ceramic layers; Preferably, WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microstructure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
The present invention also provides a kind of braking plate surface to have the preparation method of the brake disc of gradient composite coating, comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a tungsten plate, preferably, wherein the purity of tungsten should control at 99.7-99.9%, and the THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described tungsten plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2) according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely; Described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm, and described tungsten plate thickness is 0.2-3mm.Wherein said brake disc diameter 325mm, tray height is 85mm, and brake disc braking plate thickness is 20mm;
3) according to brake disc size, sand mold is made; Preferably, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, preferably, temperature controls at 1610 DEG C-1630 DEG C;
5) adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the sand mold being placed with brake disc evaporative pattern, tungsten plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooling, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining brake disc disk body is plain steel, and braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610 DEG C-1630 DEG C; More preferably, pouring time, 40-50 was advisable second; Further preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms wear resistant coating on brake disc braking plate surface, and disk body is still plain steel.
7) brake disc with gradient composite coating of gained by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
Preferably, tungsten plate thickness is 0.2-3mm; If be less than 0.2mm, then tungsten plate just complete reaction in cast recombination process, can not obtain WC tissue, directly generation Dispersed precipitate WC; Then cause diffusion distance to increase more than 3mm, reaction power is not enough.
Preferably, by strict rate-determining steps 5) in holding temperature and the relation of time, obtain described accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers.This ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, and show as crystal boundary under optical microscope and reduce, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness, the subgrain boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) holding time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, and described carbide coating comprises the fused layer of the accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron WC ceramic layer, WC and matrix.
More preferably, holding temperature, holding time and the total thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt
1/2+b
0
Wherein:
L---accurate monocrystalline phase WC ceramic of compact layer thickness (μm),
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---holding temperature (K),
T---holding time (s),
B
0---original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between tungsten plate.
To sum up, described gradient composite coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers, hardness is high.Described WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, the arrangement of atom unlike monocrystalline there is identical lattice like that, but still there is strict order, present geometry arrangement; Uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and atomic arrangement is more orderly.Accurate monocrystalline is between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, and compared to polycrystalline phase, the crystal boundary of accurate monocrystalline phase obviously reduces, and dislocation density is low, has more subgrain boundary, and therefore hardness has obvious lifting; And than monocrystalline phase, it requires lower to preparation method, and organize more stable.
Preferably, in step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 orders or thinner Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
More preferably, step 2) described in graphite paper be more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.1-0.35mm; It should be noted that braking plate mould need not preheat when graphite paper is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate.
Preferably, step 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1140 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 2-8h, preferred 4-8h.
Preferably, selected plain steel is low carbon steel, middle-carbon steel or high carbon steel.
Preferably, protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, and gas flow is 4-8ml/min.
Wherein, holding temperature should be strict controlled in above-mentioned scope, and temperature is higher than 1140 DEG C, and the liquid phase in course of reaction is too much, and makes accurate monocrystalline WC, directly generates Dispersed precipitate WC particle, and can not obtain accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers; But temperature is lower than 1000 DEG C, then the solubility of W is too low, and reaction cannot be carried out by forward.Same, holding time also should keep a reasonably interval, time is more than 8h, accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers disappears, Reaction-diffusion terms generates the fusion of Dispersed precipitate WC particle and matrix, and lower than 2h, then reacts the WC of acquisition very little, coating thickness is difficult to ensure, best should remain on 4-8h.
More preferably, the roll compound body with carbide coating is by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, and heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 550-800 DEG C, and matrix is pearlitic structrure; Or heat-treat at 220-450 DEG C, matrix is bainite structure; Or heat-treat below 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
Described brake disc take carbon steel as matrix, and selected plain steel is low carbon steel, middle-carbon steel and high carbon steel, is preferably: Q275A, Q255AF, 45 steel, 50 steel, T8, ZG270-500 etc., sees standard GB/T 221-79.Matrix according to heat treatment mode be not all in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite one or more.
After the present invention obtains steel tungsten compound body by casting, introduce external carbon source, directly carbide coating can be formed on surface, the working position of brake disc in the mode adding thermodiffusion, it is metallurgy combination between coating and brake disc matrix, combination force is very strong, and overcome non-metallurgy combination between existing hard particles and metallic matrix, combination force is very weak, particle holds caducous problem, has increased substantially the mechanical property of coating.And the method is simple to operate, without the need to complex device, the brake disc of acquisition is functional.Different heat treatment modes, makes brake disc working surface and disk body itself have different mechanical properties, meets the different performance requirement to various piece in actual production.Due to the formation of the accurate single-crystal ceramic layer of surface compact, this ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, shows as crystal boundary and reduces, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness under optical microscope, the subgrain boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.This brake disc braking plate surface hardness is at 2000-2400HV
0.05left and right, disk body braking plate position has excellent wear resistance, be the 10-22 of plain carbon steel doubly, working life significantly improves, and makes sedan brake disk can free of replacement all the life.Described relative wear resistance is defined as: take body material as standard test specimen, under same load, tested coating produces the relative wear resistance that ratio that wear extent and standard test specimen produce wear extent is called coating, therefore be several times of matrix also referred to as the relative wear resistance of coating, following identical parameters examination criteria is identical with it.
This to be as the criterion single crystal organization due to WC dense ceramic layers wherein, chemical stability and wear resistance good, there is low coefficient of friction, high hardness, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity.And the hardness of micron WC ceramic layer on the other side can only reach 1200-2000HV
0.05, its relative wear resistance is 6-10 times of matrix.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is brake disc preparation process figure in patent of the present invention
Fig. 2 is that in patent of the present invention, heat treatment rear brake hull and each several part organize schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is accurate monocrystalline phase WC ceramic layer micro-organization chart in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is WC ceramic layer polycrystalline phase micro-organization chart in the present invention.
In figure, 1. graphite paper, 2. tungsten plate, 3. accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers, 4. micron WC dense ceramic layers, the fused layer of 5.WC and matrix, 6. brake disc evaporative pattern, 7. brake disc disk body.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.7%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 0.2mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely; Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 85%, and thickness is 0.1mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 is combined closely, as shown in Figure 1.
3, according to brake disc size, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4, smelt low carbon steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected low carbon steel substrate is Q275A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the sand mold being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of low carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still Q275A matrix; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, poring rate 0.8m/s, and pouring time is 40 seconds, and after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 2h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating of described Q275A matrix surface.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 5ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat below 220 DEG C, and matrix is martensitic structure.
Described carbide coating, comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its particle diameter is 10 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its particle diameter is 5 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 60 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its particle diameter is 1 μm.
To sum up, as shown in Figure 2, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises the fused layer 5 of accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its total thickness is 180 μm.Described Q275A matrix is martensite.The micro-penetration hardness of accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers 3 is 2000HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 14 times of matrix.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.8%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 0.8mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.2mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, sand mold is made with precoated sand.
4, smelt low carbon steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected low carbon steel substrate is Q255AF.
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the sand mold being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of low carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still Q255AF matrix, preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, poring rate 0.8m/s, pouring time is 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 4h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating of described Q255AF matrix surface.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 650 DEG C, and matrix is pearlitic structrure.
Described carbide coating, as shown in Figure 3, comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its particle diameter is 30 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 130 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%.
Further, as shown in Figure 4, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 150 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its particle diameter is 15 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 200 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 65%, and its particle diameter is 10 μm.
Now, described coating can be composite coating, is that its total thickness is 480 μm by the fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix.Described Q255AF matrix is pearlite.The micro-penetration hardness of accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers 3 is 2150HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 15 times of matrix.
Embodiment 3: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.8%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 1mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.35mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, sand mold is made with self-hardening resin sand.
4, smelt middle-carbon steel matrix for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected middle-carbon steel matrix is 45 steel.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into the sand mold being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still 45 steel base; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, poring rate 0.7m/s, and pouring time is 50 seconds, and after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1100 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 4h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating on described 45 steel base 7 surfaces.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 700 DEG C, and matrix is pearlitic structrure.
Described carbide coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter is 35 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 160 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its particle diameter is 20 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 260 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 50%, and its particle diameter is 16 μm.
The now fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, its total thickness is 590 μm, and described 45 steel base are pearlite.The hardness of accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers 3 is 2200HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 16 times of matrix.
Embodiment 4: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.99%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 2mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.15mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, sand mold is made with tide mould sand.
4, smelt low carbon steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected low carbon steel substrate is Q275A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still Q275A matrix; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, poring rate 0.7m/s, and pouring time is 50 seconds, and after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1140 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 8h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating of described Q275A matrix surface.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 450 DEG C, and matrix is bainite structure.
Described carbide coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter is 45 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its particle diameter is 30 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 300 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 40%, and its particle diameter is 20 μm.
Now, the fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, its total thickness is 660 μm.Described Q275A matrix is bainite.The hardness of described carbide coating is 2400HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 22 times of matrix.
Embodiment 5: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.7%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 3mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.25mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4, smelt middle-carbon steel matrix for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C.Selected middle-carbon steel matrix is 50 steel.
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still 50 steel base, preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, poring rate 0.7m/s, pouring time is 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast is put into the holding furnace with shielding gas atmosphere and is heat-treated; heat treatment process parameter is for being warming up to 1000 DEG C; warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min; holding time is 8h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating on described 50 steel base surfaces.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 7ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 400 DEG C, and matrix is bainite structure.
Described carbide coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter is 25 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 150 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 160 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its particle diameter is 15 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 230 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its particle diameter is 9 μm.
Now, can by the fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, its total thickness is 540 μm.Described 50 steel base are bainite.The hardness of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 is 2100HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 14 times of matrix.
Embodiment 6: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.99%, and described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 2mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.25mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, sand mold is made with precoated sand.
4, smelt high carbon steel matrix for molten steel, temperature controls at 1610 DEG C.Selected high carbon steel matrix is T8 steel.
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still T8 steel base, preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610 DEG C, poring rate 0.7m/s, pouring time is 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 2h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating on described T8 steel base surface.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat below 220 DEG C, and matrix is martensitic structure.
Described carbide coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter is 20 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 60 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its particle diameter is 10 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 70%, and its particle diameter is 6 μm.
Now, be that its total thickness is 210 μm by the fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix.Described T8 steel base is martensite.The hardness of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers is 2050HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 10 times of matrix.
Embodiment 7: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.9%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water,
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 order Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 1mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.15mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, sand mold is made with self-hardening resin sand;
4, smelt low carbon steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected low carbon steel substrate is ZG270.
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still ZG270 matrix, preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, poring rate 0.7m/s, pouring time is 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1100 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 2h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating of described ZG270 matrix surface.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat below 600 DEG C, and matrix is pearlitic structrure.
Described carbide coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter is 30 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 90 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its particle diameter is 15 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 55%, and its particle diameter is 15 μm.
Now, the fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, its total thickness is 230 μm.Described ZG270 matrix is pearlite.The hardness of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers is 2150HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 15 times of matrix.
Embodiment 8: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.9%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 order Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 3mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.3mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, sand mold is made with tide mould sand.
4, smelt middle-carbon steel matrix for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected middle-carbon steel matrix is 45 steel.
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still 45 steel base, preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, poring rate 0.7m/s, pouring time is 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1120 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 8h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating on described 45 steel base surfaces.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 550 DEG C, and matrix is pearlitic structrure.
Described carbide coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter is 40 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its particle diameter is 25 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 280 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 45%, and its particle diameter is 18 μm.
The now fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, its total thickness is 630 μm.Described 45 steel base are pearlite.The hardness of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers is 2300HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 18 times of matrix.
Embodiment 9: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.9%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 order Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 1.5mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.2mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold.
4, smelt low carbon steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected low carbon steel substrate is Q275A.
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still Q275A matrix, preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, poring rate 0.7m/s, pouring time is 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 4h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating of described Q275A matrix surface.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 450 DEG C, and matrix is bainite structure.
Described carbide coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter is 15 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its particle diameter is 10 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 60 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its particle diameter is 5 μm.Now, the fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, its total thickness is 210 μm.Described Q275A matrix is bainite.The hardness of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers is 2050HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 12 times of matrix.
Embodiment 10: the preparation method of brake disc, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.8%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 order Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 3mm.
2, according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern 6 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate 2 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate 2 surface, itself and tungsten plate 2 are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1mm, then tungsten plate 2 is placed in upper and lower two surfaces of sand mold inwall brake disc disk body 7, itself and graphite paper 1 are combined closely.
3, according to brake disc size, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4, smelt middle-carbon steel matrix for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected middle-carbon steel matrix is 45 steel.
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with tungsten plate 2 and graphite paper 1, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtain the composite brake discs of as cast condition, its brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate 2, and disk body 7 is still 45 steel base, preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, poring rate 0.7m/s, pouring time is 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6, the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 8h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the complex carbide coating on described 45 steel base surfaces.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the brake disc with carbide coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 350 DEG C, and matrix is bainite structure.
Described carbide coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its particle diameter is 35 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its particle diameter is 20 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 280 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 60%, and its particle diameter is 12 μm.
Now, the fused layer 5 ecto-entad distribution gradient successively of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, its total thickness is 630 μm.Described 45 steel base are bainite.The hardness of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers is 2200HV
0.05, relative wear resistance is 16 times of matrix.
Comparative example 1, its preparation method is as follows: with laser cladding directly by the working surface of tungsten carbide particle cladding at brake disc, obtain coating, thickness is 30 μm, and volume fraction is 80%, and the hardness of gained coating is 1650HV
0.05, wear resistance is 2-3 times relative to steel base.But surface and matrix in conjunction with poor, cause coming off of surface accumulation layer.
In comparative example, Laser Surface Modification Technology cost of production is high, and manufacturing efficiency is low, and process parameter is wayward, and uses binder will cause pore and slag inclusion in using process; And there is not accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers and micron WC ceramic layer in composite bed, composite bed thickness and WC content less, WC particle diameter is uneven; Simultaneously, recombination process is only that the gap externally added between hard tungsten carbide particle is carried out casting and blended and carry out melting, sintering to additional particle, non-metallurgy combination between hard tungsten carbide particle and matrix, combination force is very weak, particle easily comes off or there is oxidation, Inclusion Problem, therefore, its mechanical property is poor.
Claims (21)
1. a brake disc, has resistance to coating on its brake disc braking plate surface, it is characterized in that: described wear resistant carbide coating is WC dense ceramic layers.
2. brake disc as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microstructure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
3. brake disc as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50-180 μm, is preferably 100-180 μm; Wherein preferred, the volume fraction of WC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 85%, and preferably, WC particle diameter is 10-50 μm, is preferably 20-50 μm.
4. a brake disc, has gradient composite coating on its brake disc braking plate surface, it is characterized in that: described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the fused layer of the WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron WC ceramic layer, WC and matrix.
5. brake disc as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microstructure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
6. the brake disc as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, and its thickness is 50-180 μm, is preferably 100-180 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 85%; Preferably, WC particle diameter is 10-50 μm, is preferably 20-50 μm.
7. the brake disc as described in one of claim 4-6, it is characterized in that: along micron WC ceramic layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-180 μm, be preferably 130-180 μm, preferably, the volume fraction of WC is greater than 75%, be preferably greater than 80%, preferably, the particle diameter of WC is 5-30 μm, is preferably 6-25 μm.
8. the brake disc as described in one of claim 4-7, is characterized in that: along the fused layer longitudinal profile of WC and matrix, its thickness is 60 μm-300 μm, preferred 100-300 μm, and preferably, wherein the volume fraction of WC is 40%-80%, is preferably 60%-80%; Preferably, the particle diameter of WC is 1-20 μm, is preferably 5-10 μm.
9. the brake disc as described in one of claim 4-8, is characterized in that: gradient composite coating total thickness is 180-660 μm, preferably at 330-660 μm.
10. the brake disc as described in one of claim 4-9, is characterized in that: organize according to heat treatment be not all in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite one or more; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in steel surface.
The preparation method of 11. 1 kinds of brake discs as described in one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that brake disc braking plate surface has wear resistant coating, comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a tungsten plate, wherein the Pureness control of tungsten is at 99.7-99.99%, and preferably, described tungsten plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2) according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely;
3) according to brake disc size, make sand mold, preferably, use CO
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel;
5) evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the sand mold being placed with brake disc evaporative pattern, tungsten plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining brake disc disk body is plain steel, and brake disc braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610 DEG C-1630 DEG C, and pouring time is 40-50 second, and after one minute, at hot topping, further preferably, room temperature cools;
6) the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms wear resistant coating on brake disc braking plate surface, and disk body is still plain steel;
Wherein, wear resistant carbide coating is WC dense ceramic layers.
The preparation method of 12. brake discs as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microstructure that atomic arrangement is more orderly; Preferably, by rate-determining steps 5) in holding time, holding temperature obtain this WC dense ceramic layers.
The preparation method of 13. 1 kinds of brake discs as described in one of claim 4-10, is characterized in that, brake disc braking plate surface has gradient composite coating, comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a tungsten plate, wherein the Pureness control of tungsten is at 99.7-99.99%, and the THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described tungsten plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2) according to brake disc size, brake disc evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of brake disc, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, accordingly tungsten plate is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of brake disc braking plate, then at the fixing graphite paper in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely;
3) according to brake disc size, make sand mold, preferably, use CO
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel;
5) poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the sand mold being placed with above-mentioned tungsten plate and graphite paper, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining brake disc disk body is plain steel, and braking plate surface is the compound body of carbon steel and tungsten plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610 DEG C-1630 DEG C, and pouring time is that 40-50 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Further preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) the brake disc compound body obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with shielding gas atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms gradient composite coating on brake disc braking plate surface, and disk body is still plain steel;
7) brake disc with gradient composite coating of gained by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
The preparation method of 14. brake discs as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that: by rate-determining steps 6) in holding time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises the fused layer of the accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron WC ceramic layer, WC and matrix.
The preparation method of 15. brake discs as claimed in claim 14, is characterized in that: holding temperature, holding time and the total thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt
1/2+b
0
Wherein:
The total thickness (μm) of L---carbide coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---holding temperature (K),
T---holding time (s),
B
0---original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between tungsten plate.
The preparation method of 16. brake discs as described in one of claim 13-15, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 orders or thinner Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
The preparation method of 17. brake discs as described in one of claim 13-16, is characterized in that: described step 2) described in graphite paper be more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.1-0.35mm.
The preparation method of 18. brake discs as described in one of claim 13-17, is characterized in that: described step 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1140 DEG C of insulation, warming velocity controls at 7 DEG C/min, and holding time is 2-8h, preferred 4-8h.
The preparation method of 19. brake discs as described in one of claim 13-18, is characterized in that: selected plain steel is low carbon steel, middle-carbon steel or high carbon steel.
The preparation method of 20. brake discs as described in one of claim 13-19, it is characterized in that: described protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, gas flow is 4-8ml/min.
The preparation method of 21. brake discs as described in one of claim 13-20, is characterized in that: preferred, take carbon steel as matrix, described step 7) in heat treatment step be:
The carbon steel compound body with carbide coating by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix; Preferably, heat-treat at about 550-800 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure; Or heat-treat at 220-450 DEG C, matrix is bainite structure; Or heat-treat below 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
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| CN105382201A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-09 | 襄阳云威机械有限公司 | Brake disc casting technology and brake disc casting mold thereof |
| CN105972114A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-09-28 | 西安理工大学 | Brake disc and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108220687A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-29 | 广德亚太铸造有限公司 | A kind of high hard scuff-resistant coating material of brake disc |
| CN109396343A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-01 | 龙工（福建）铸锻有限公司 | A kind of load mechanism Moving plate casting evaporative pattern equipped with multipurpose running channel |
| TWI656286B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-04-11 | 至興精機股份有限公司 | Floating disc containing forged workpieces |
| CN112851404A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-05-28 | 株式会社丰田中央研究所 | Heat-resistant member |
| CN114041016A (en) * | 2019-05-18 | 2022-02-11 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Friction brake body for a friction brake of a motor vehicle, method for producing the same, and friction brake |
| CN114959692A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-30 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN114041016A (en) * | 2019-05-18 | 2022-02-11 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Friction brake body for a friction brake of a motor vehicle, method for producing the same, and friction brake |
| CN112851404A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-05-28 | 株式会社丰田中央研究所 | Heat-resistant member |
| CN114959692A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-30 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114959692B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-09-26 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof |
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