CN114959692B - Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114959692B
CN114959692B CN202210704188.2A CN202210704188A CN114959692B CN 114959692 B CN114959692 B CN 114959692B CN 202210704188 A CN202210704188 A CN 202210704188A CN 114959692 B CN114959692 B CN 114959692B
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brake disc
layer
composite coating
wear
resistant surface
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CN114959692A (en
Inventor
卢冰文
闫星辰
王岳亮
刘敏
董东东
邓朝阳
马汝成
张忠诚
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Institute of New Materials of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Institute of New Materials of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
    • F16D65/125—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-high-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of automobile manufacturing. The brake disc comprises a brake disc substrate and a composite coating on the surface of the brake disc substrate, wherein the composite coating comprises a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer which are sequentially formed, the priming layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer both comprise a NiFe-based alloy and a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the mass percentage of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the middle layer is lower than that of the wear-resistant surface layer. Through setting up the priming layer, for base member and follow-up coating provide comparatively firm tie-layer, increase in proper order in the material of intermediate level and wearing layer again and contain C reinforcing phase's proportion, realized the slow transition distribution of composite coating stress, improved composite coating's shock resistance, solved the automobile brake disc wearing and tearing problem, reduce the consumption of brake disc base member to the life of brake disc has been prolonged.

Description

Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile manufacturing, in particular to a super-high-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The automobile industry is one of important pillar industries of national economy in China, and a braking system is an indispensable key component of each fuel oil or new energy automobile, and directly influences the use safety and the parking reliability of the automobile.
The brake disc is a core component of a brake system, but the service condition is harsh, repeated mechanical load and thermal load are required to be born, friction noise and surface abrasion are extremely easy to cause, fine particle dust is generated when the cast iron brake disc is worn, and the problem of poor environmental pollution is caused; and the serious abrasion of the surface of the brake disc can cause the excessive difference between the actual braking distance and the expected braking distance of the automobile, thereby influencing the driving operability and the safety.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composite coating can improve the wear resistance and the service life of the automobile brake disc, and reduce vibration and noise and dust emission.
The invention is realized in the following way:
according to the first aspect, the invention provides an ultra-high-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc, which comprises a brake disc substrate and a composite coating coated on the surface of the brake disc substrate, wherein the composite coating comprises a bottoming layer, an intermediate layer and a wear-resistant surface layer which are sequentially formed, the bottoming layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer both comprise a NiFe-based alloy and a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the mass percentage of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the intermediate layer is lower than that of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the wear-resistant surface layer.
In an alternative embodiment, the C-containing enhancement phase comprises WC or Cr 3 C 2 Any of the above.
In an alternative embodiment, the material of the intermediate layer comprises, by mass, 80-90% of the NiFe-based alloy and 10-20% of the C-containing reinforcing phase, and the material of the wear-resistant surface layer comprises, by mass, 40-70% of the NiFe-based alloy and 30-60% of the C-containing reinforcing phase.
In an alternative embodiment, the composite coating has a total thickness of 300 to 800 μm.
Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 75-200 μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 75-200 μm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant surface layer is 150-400 μm.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the base layer, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer respectively account for 1/4, 1/4 and 1/2 of the total thickness.
In an alternative embodiment, the material of the brake disc matrix comprises at least one of cast iron or an aluminum alloy.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a brake disc according to any one of the preceding embodiments, which comprises sequentially spraying the composite coating material according to any one of the preceding embodiments onto the surface of the brake disc matrix by using a ultra-high speed laser cladding method.
In an alternative embodiment, the process parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding method include: the laser power is 1800-2800W, the spot diameter is 1-2.5 mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 13-70 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 45-65%.
Preferably, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the spot diameter is 1.2-2.0 mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.6-1.8 kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 20-50 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 50-60%.
In an alternative embodiment, preparing the composite coating material includes grinding and mixing uniformly by a planetary ball mill to obtain materials of the base layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer.
Preferably, after finishing grinding, the method further comprises the step of drying the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer, wherein the drying is carried out by vacuum drying, the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1.5 h.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of sequentially degreasing, cleaning, sand blasting and preheating the brake disc matrix before spraying the brake disc matrix.
Preferably, the brake disc matrix is preheated by an induction heating coil, and the preheating temperature is 180-220 ℃.
Preferably, the brake disc matrix is polished after being sandblasted.
Preferably, the surface roughness of the polished brake disc matrix is 0.8-1.2 μm.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a brake disc according to any of the preceding embodiments or a brake disc obtainable by a method according to any of the preceding embodiments for use in the automotive manufacturing field.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an ultra-high-speed laser cladding composite coating material brake disc, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein a base layer is arranged to provide a relatively stable connecting layer for a substrate and a subsequent coating, and then the proportion of a C-containing reinforcing phase is sequentially increased in a middle layer material and a wear-resistant layer material to prevent the problems of stress concentration caused by overhigh content of the C-containing reinforcing phase on the surface of the coating, cracking of the coating and the like, thereby realizing slow transition distribution of stress of the composite coating, reducing stress concentration and improving the shock resistance of the composite coating. The composite coating material is coated on the surface of the brake disc matrix, so that the braking efficiency of an automobile can be improved, the abrasion problem of the brake disc of the automobile is solved, the consumption of the brake disc matrix material is reduced, the service life of the brake disc is prolonged, and the replacement cost of the brake disc is reduced; meanwhile, the dust emission of the brake disc can be reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced. In addition, the brake disc is prepared by adopting the ultra-high-speed laser cladding method, so that the preparation efficiency is high, the cost is lower, the degree of automation is high, and the method has great application potential in the field of automobile brake discs.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a brake disc and a composite coating on the surface of the brake disc according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a brake disc provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The long-term research of the inventor shows that the surface coating technology can effectively reduce the abrasion, vibration and noise of the automobile brake disc, reduce dust pollution and prolong the service life of the automobile brake disc, and is an important way for solving the key problem of surface protection of the automobile brake disc. However, the conventional coating technologies such as thermal spraying and laser cladding have insufficient interfacial bonding force, and require high cost to achieve a good effect, so that the conventional automobile is mostly used for preparing high-end automobiles, and the application of the conventional automobile is limited.
According to the first aspect, the invention provides an ultra-high-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc, which comprises a brake disc substrate and a composite coating coated on the surface of the brake disc substrate, wherein the composite coating comprises a bottoming layer, an intermediate layer and a wear-resistant surface layer which are sequentially formed, the bottoming layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer both comprise a NiFe-based alloy and a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the mass percentage of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the intermediate layer is lower than that of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the wear-resistant surface layer.
Through setting up the priming layer, provide comparatively firm tie coat for base member and follow-up coating, increase in proper order in intermediate level material and wearing layer material again and contain the proportion of C reinforcing phase, prevent the stress concentration that contains the C reinforcing phase content too high lead to on coating surface, and then make the coating fracture scheduling problem, realized the slow transition distribution of composite coating stress, reduce stress concentration, also improve composite coating's shock resistance.
In an alternative embodiment, the C-containing enhancement phase comprises WC or Cr 3 C 2 WC and Cr 3 C 2 The alloy has high melting point, high hardness, high fracture toughness, certain plasticity and good wettability with NiFe-based alloy, can form a tough integrated structure, and has excellent wear resistance on the basis of ensuring the plasticity.
In an alternative embodiment, the material of the intermediate layer is composed of 80-90% by mass of a NiFe-based alloy and 10-20% by mass of a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the material of the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of 40-70% by mass of a NiFe-based alloy and 30-60% by mass of a C-containing reinforcing phase.
It will be appreciated that the NiFe-based alloy and C-containing reinforcement phase in the intermediate and wear resistant surface layers are applied after being mixed in order to ensure uniformity of the coating.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a brake disc comprising a brake disc substrate and a composite coating according to the foregoing embodiments applied to the surface of the brake disc substrate.
The physical properties of the material of the intermediate layer or the wear-resistant surface layer consisting of the NiFe-based alloy and the C-containing reinforcing phase are greatly different from those of the material of the brake disc matrix, and if the intermediate layer or the wear-resistant surface layer is directly combined with the brake disc matrix, defects such as air holes, cracks and the like are easily caused at a connecting interface. Therefore, as shown in fig. 1, a layer of primer layer 102 with NiFe-based alloy is coated on the surface of the brake disc matrix 101 as transition, so that thermodynamic and physical property differences of the brake disc matrix 101 and the intermediate layer 103 can be effectively regulated, and high-quality metallurgical bonding of the composite coating and the matrix is realized. And then, the C-containing reinforcing phase with the content gradually increased from the middle layer 103 to the wear-resistant surface layer 104 can avoid the problem that the composite coating cracks due to the stress concentration caused by the excessively high content of the C-containing reinforcing phase, so that the slow transition distribution of the stress of the composite coating is realized, the stress concentration is reduced, and the impact resistance of the composite coating is improved.
The composite coating material is coated on the surface of the brake disc matrix, so that the braking efficiency of an automobile can be improved, the abrasion problem of the brake disc of the automobile is solved, the consumption of the brake disc matrix material is reduced, the service life of the brake disc is prolonged, and the replacement cost of the brake disc is reduced; meanwhile, the dust emission of the brake disc can be reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
In an alternative embodiment, the composite coating has a total thickness of 300 to 800 μm. The thickness is set in the range, so that the friction coefficient of the brake disc can be improved on the basis of not increasing the whole weight of the brake disc, the braking efficiency is increased, the intervention continuous braking time is shortened, the braking stability is improved, and the braking abrasion in the braking process can be reduced.
Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 75-200 μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 75-200 μm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant surface layer is 150-400 μm. Wherein the wear resistant surface layer is the primary working interface and therefore should be thicker than the primer layer and the intermediate layer.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the base layer, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer respectively account for 1/4, 1/4 and 1/2 of the total thickness.
In an alternative embodiment, the material of the brake disc matrix comprises at least one of cast iron or an aluminum alloy.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a brake disc according to any one of the preceding embodiments, which comprises sequentially spraying the composite coating material according to any one of the preceding embodiments onto the surface of the brake disc matrix by using a ultra-high speed laser cladding method.
The brake disc is prepared by adopting the ultra-high-speed laser cladding method, so that the preparation efficiency is high, the cost is low, the degree of automation is high, and the method has great application potential in the technical field of preparing the automobile brake disc.
In an alternative embodiment, the process parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding method include: the laser power is 1800-2800W, the spot diameter is 1-2.5 mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 13-70 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 45-65%.
Preferably, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the spot diameter is 1.2-2.0 mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.6-1.8 kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 20-50 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 50-60%.
In an alternative embodiment, preparing the composite coating includes milling the materials to form the primer layer, the intermediate layer, and the wear resistant surface layer in a weight ratio using a planetary ball mill.
Preferably, after finishing grinding, the method further comprises the step of drying the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer, wherein the drying is carried out by vacuum drying, the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1.5 h.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of sequentially degreasing, cleaning, sand blasting and preheating the brake disc matrix before spraying the brake disc matrix. The conventional steps in the field are adopted for degreasing, cleaning and sand blasting, so long as the surface of the brake disc matrix after sand blasting is ensured to be free of large particle impurities and liquid pollutants.
Preferably, in order to make the contact between the bottom layer and the brake disc matrix firmer, the brake disc matrix is preheated by adopting an induction heating coil, and the preheating temperature is 180-220 ℃.
Preferably, the brake disc matrix is polished after being sandblasted.
Preferably, the surface roughness of the polished brake disc matrix is 0.8-1.2 μm.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a brake disc according to any of the preceding embodiments or a brake disc obtainable by a method according to any of the preceding embodiments for use in the automotive manufacturing field.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a brake disc, wherein a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer are sequentially formed on the surface of a brake disc substrate. Wherein the bottom layer is NiFeCr alloy with the thickness of 100 μm; the middle layer is composed of NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 90% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 10%, and the thickness is 100 μm; the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of 60% by mass of NiFeCr alloy and 40% by mass of WC ceramic particles, the thickness is 200 mu m, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 400 mu m.
The preparation method of the brake disc comprises the following steps:
(1) The surface of the brake disc matrix is subjected to degreasing cleaning and sand blasting pretreatment in sequence, so that the surface of the brake disc is free of oil stains, large particles and other impurities.
(2) And planning a cladding path of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding through three-dimensional software according to the shape of the brake disc. In this embodiment, the cladding path is a ring repair path.
(3) And grinding the materials by adopting a planetary ball mill according to the weight ratio to prepare the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer.
(4) Vacuum drying the material prepared in the step (3) by adopting a vacuum drying oven for 1h at 100 ℃; meanwhile, an induction heating coil is adopted to preheat the brake disc matrix, and the preheating temperature is 200 ℃.
(5) Preparing a composite coating on the surface of a brake disc matrix by using ultra-high speed laser cladding equipment, wherein the ultra-high speed laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2000W, the spot diameter is 1mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.5kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 30m/min, and the lap joint rate is 50%.
(6) And (3) polishing the composite coating prepared on the surface of the brake disc substrate until the surface roughness is 1.0 mu m.
The brake disc provided in this example was tested under a scanning electron microscope to obtain the results shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, the bond between the primer layer and the disc rotor base is tight, and the content of WC ceramic particles increases in sequence in a direction away from the disc rotor base.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a brake disc, wherein a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer are sequentially formed on the surface of a brake disc substrate. Wherein the bottom layer is NiFeCr alloy with the thickness of 100 μm; the middle layer is composed of NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 90% and Cr with the mass fraction of 10% 3 C 2 Ceramic particles having a thickness of 100 μm; the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of 60% by mass of NiFeCr alloy and 40% by mass of Cr 3 C 2 The ceramic particles had a thickness of 200 μm and the composite coating had a total thickness of 400. Mu.m.
The preparation method of the brake disc is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a brake disc, wherein a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer are sequentially formed on the surface of a brake disc substrate. Wherein the bottom layer is NiFeCr alloy with the thickness of 100 μm; the middle layer is composed of NiFeCr alloy with mass fraction of 80% and WC ceramic particles with mass fraction of 20%, and the thickness is 100 μm; the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of 50% by mass of NiFeCr alloy and 50% by mass of WC ceramic particles, the thickness is 200 mu m, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 400 mu m.
The preparation method of the brake disc is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a brake disc, wherein a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer are sequentially formed on the surface of a brake disc substrate. Wherein the bottom layer is made of NiFeCr alloy and has a thickness of 150 mu m; the middle layer is composed of NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 90% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 10%, and the thickness is 150 μm; the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of 60% by mass of NiFeCr alloy and 40% by mass of WC ceramic particles, the thickness is 300 mu m, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 600 mu m.
The preparation method of the brake disc is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a brake disc which is prepared in the same manner as example 1, except that: the brake disc of this comparative example only includes a brake disc base.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a brake disc which is prepared in the same manner as example 1, except that: the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer are NiFeCr alloy.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a brake disc which is prepared in the same manner as example 1, except that: the materials of the priming layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer are respectively NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 60% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 40%.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides a brake disc which is prepared in the same manner as example 1, except that: the materials of the priming layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer are NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 60% and Cr with the mass fraction of 40% 3 C 2 Ceramic particles.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example provides a brake disc which is prepared in the same manner as example 1, except that: the composite coating is formed by two layers, wherein the priming layer is made of NiFeCr alloy, and the surface layer is made of WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 90% of the NiFeCr alloy and the mass fraction of 10%.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example provides a brake disc whose composite coating is the same as that of example 1, except that: the laser power of the ultra-high speed laser cladding is 1500W.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example provides a brake disc whose composite coating is the same as that of example 1, except that: the laser power of the ultra-high speed laser cladding is 3000W.
Comparative example 8
This comparative example provides a brake disc whose composite coating is the same as that of example 1, except that: the laser scanning rate of the ultra-high speed laser cladding is 100m/min.
Comparative example 9
This comparative example provides a brake disc which is prepared in the same manner as example 1, except that: the middle layer is composed of NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 90% and Cr with the mass fraction of 10% 2 O 3 The wear-resistant surface layer of the ceramic particles is composed of 60% by mass of NiFeCr alloy and 40% by mass of Cr 2 O 3 Ceramic particles.
Test example 1
The brake discs provided in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were tested as follows:
1) Coating forming quality: and (3) observing the surface morphology of the coating by naked eyes, and observing the internal morphology of the coating by combining a metallographic microscope.
2) Wear conditions: the brake discs of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were placed on a constant speed tester for friction experiments, the friction radius was 10mm, the load was 15N, the rotational speed was 600rpm, and the friction time was 180min, and the steady state friction coefficient, steady state friction fluctuation rate, wear loss and intervention duration of the brake disc were obtained, and the detection results were shown in table 1.
Table 1 brake disc performance test results
As can be seen from table 1, the brake disc provided by the invention has the advantages that the steady friction fluctuation rate of the brake disc is obviously reduced by forming the composite coating with the three-layer structure on the surface of the brake disc, and the brake disc meets the requirement of stable braking; the friction weightlessness is reduced, so that the dust emission of the brake disc is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced; the intervening continuous braking time is shortened, and the braking efficiency of the automobile is improved. Under the combined action of the factors, the service life of the brake disc is prolonged.
The ultra-high-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc provided by the embodiment of the invention and the preparation method and application thereof have at least the following advantages:
through setting up the priming layer, provide comparatively firm tie coat for base member and follow-up coating, increase in proper order in intermediate level material and wearing layer material again and contain the proportion of C reinforcing phase, prevent the stress concentration that contains the C reinforcing phase content too high lead to on coating surface, and then make the coating fracture scheduling problem, realized the slow transition distribution of composite coating stress, reduce stress concentration, also improve composite coating's shock resistance. The composite coating material is coated on the surface of the brake disc matrix, so that the braking efficiency of an automobile can be improved, the abrasion problem of the brake disc of the automobile is solved, the consumption of the brake disc matrix material is reduced, the service life of the brake disc is prolonged, and the replacement cost of the brake disc is reduced; meanwhile, the dust emission of the brake disc can be reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced. In addition, the brake disc is prepared by adopting the ultra-high-speed laser cladding method, so that the preparation efficiency is high, the cost is lower, the degree of automation is high, and the method has great application potential in the field of automobile brake discs.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. The application of the preparation method of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc in the field of automobile preparation is characterized in that the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc comprises a brake disc substrate and a composite coating coated on the surface of the brake disc substrate, the composite coating comprises a bottoming layer, an intermediate layer and a wear-resistant surface layer which are sequentially formed, the bottoming layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer both comprise a NiFe-based alloy and a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the mass percentage of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the intermediate layer is lower than that of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the wear-resistant surface layer;
the material of the brake disc matrix comprises at least one of cast iron or aluminum alloy;
the preparation of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc comprises the steps of spraying the composite coating material on the surface of a brake disc matrix by adopting an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method, wherein the technological parameters of the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method comprise: the laser power is 1800-2800W, the light spot diameter is 1-2.5 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5-2.0 kg/h, the laser scanning speed is 13-70 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 45-65%.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the C-containing reinforcing phase comprises WC or Cr 3 C 2 Any of the above.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the material of the intermediate layer comprises, by mass, 80-90% of a NiFe-based alloy and 10-20% of a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the material of the wear-resistant surface layer comprises, by mass, 40-70% of a NiFe-based alloy and 30-60% of a C-containing reinforcing phase.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the total thickness of the composite coating is 300-800 μm.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the primer layer is 75-200 μm, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 75-200 μm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant surface layer is 150-400 μm.
6. The use according to claim 4, wherein the thicknesses of the primer layer, the intermediate layer and the wear resistant surface layer are 1/4, 1/4 and 1/2, respectively, of the total thickness.
7. The use of claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding process include: the laser power is 2000-2500W, the light spot diameter is 1.2-2.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.6-1.8 kg/h, the laser scanning speed is 20-50 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 50-60%.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein preparing the composite coating material comprises milling and mixing the materials in a planetary ball mill to obtain the base layer, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer.
9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising drying the material of the primer layer, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer after finishing the grinding, wherein the drying is performed by vacuum drying at 90-110 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h.
10. The use according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising the sequential oil removal cleaning, sand blasting and preheating of the brake disc matrix prior to the brake disc matrix being sprayed.
11. The use of claim 10, wherein the preheating is performed by using an induction heating coil to preheat the brake disc substrate at a temperature of 180-220 ℃.
12. The use of claim 11, further comprising sanding the brake disc substrate after the brake disc substrate is blasted.
13. The use according to claim 12, characterized in that the surface roughness of the brake disc matrix after polishing is 0.8-1.2 μm.
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