CN111088471A - High-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on aluminum alloy surface and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on aluminum alloy surface and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The invention takes the aluminum alloy as the matrix, prepares the high corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant iron-based amorphous coating on the surface, ensures that the material has good corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant performance under certain conditions, and ensures that the coating and the matrix have good bonding strength. The preparation process comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating an aluminum alloy matrix; (2) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate subjected to pretreatment; (3) and (3) carrying out supersonic flame spraying on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate subjected to sand blasting to prepare the iron-based amorphous coating. Compared with the existing surface treatment technologies such as electrostatic spraying, chemical plating, anodic oxidation, vapor deposition and the like, the thermal spraying iron-based amorphous coating prepared by the invention has higher corrosion resistance and wear resistance under certain conditions, and the coating and the aluminum alloy matrix can form good interface bonding, so that the bonding strength of the coating and the matrix is enhanced, the coating is prevented from falling off, the coating has excellent durability, and the surface of the aluminum alloy can be effectively protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the demand for materials and energy has increased sharply, which has put a great deal of pressure on the environment. At present, some measures are adopted in some enterprises and industrial production to reduce environmental pollution, for example, in the transportation industry, automobiles release greenhouse gases accounting for 19% of the total global amount every year, so that the improvement of the utilization rate of fuel can effectively reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and the environmental pressure is reduced in the process. Among them, the weight reduction of automobiles is a very effective and critical means for improving the fuel utilization rate. Therefore, light metal materials are required to replace the traditional steel materials, the aluminum alloy has high specific strength and is easy to process, the density of the aluminum alloy is only 1/3 of steel, and the aluminum alloy is gradually emphasized in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like. Meanwhile, as one of the major countries of nonferrous metal production and consumption in the world, nonferrous metal production has become an important emerging industry supporting national economic development, wherein the aluminum alloy product industry is the pillar of the nonferrous metal industry. The proportion of the aluminum alloy product yield in China accounting for the global yield is more than 30% in 2009, and reaches 40% in 2018, so that China becomes the center of the international aluminum alloy manufacturing industry.
However, since aluminum is active and aluminum alloy parts are easily corroded in humid atmosphere, the corrosion prevention treatment method mainly used in the market at present is chromate treatment, but has great disadvantages. Firstly, hexavalent chromium contained in the hexavalent chromium can seriously pollute the environment, and the treatment method is gradually abandoned along with the continuous enhancement of environmental awareness of people, and secondly, the method has no wear resistance in the service process of the material, because the hardness of the aluminum alloy is relatively low, the aluminum alloy is easy to adhere and wear when being used under the sliding friction working condition, and the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy is easy to damage under the repeated mechanical action, so that the aluminum alloy is further corroded, and the application of the aluminum alloy in a friction system and a friction contact member is seriously limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an environmental protection method for aluminum alloy surface with excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
The invention aims to provide a high-corrosion-resistant wear-resistant iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the iron-based amorphous coating with uniform thickness and excellent wear resistance is prepared on an aluminum alloy substrate, so that the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good plasticity, excellent processability and good electric and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy are retained, the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the aluminum alloy in the service process are enhanced, and the application of the aluminum alloy as a structural material in the industry can be further expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an iron-based amorphous coating with excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance and high bonding strength and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of easy corrosion and wear of the surfaces of aluminum alloy and aluminum-based composite materials, low surface hardness and the like, so as to solve the problem of corrosion and wear of the aluminum alloy in industrial application.
A preparation method of a high-corrosion-resistant wear-resistant iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of an aluminum alloy is characterized in that the aluminum alloy is used as a matrix material, and the high-corrosion-resistant wear-resistant iron-based amorphous coating is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate;
(2) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate subjected to pretreatment;
(3) preheating the aluminum alloy matrix subjected to sand blasting in the step (2) to a certain temperature, maintaining the aluminum alloy in the temperature range, taking the iron-based amorphous alloy as powder to be sprayed, performing supersonic flame spraying on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix, and preparing the high-corrosion-resistant wear-resistant iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix.
The aluminum alloy matrix material is not limited to a certain series of aluminum alloys, and is suitable for cast aluminum alloys, wrought aluminum alloys, and aluminum matrix composites involved in industrial applications.
Further, the sand blasting treatment in the step (2) is dry sand blasting treatment, the grinding material used in the sand blasting treatment is 20# white corundum sand, the pressure of the sand blasting treatment is 0.5-0.7 MPa, the speed of the sand blasting treatment is 0.4-0.8 cm/s, and the time of the sand blasting treatment is 6-10 min.
Further, the preheating temperature of the aluminum alloy matrix in the step (3) is 60-80 ℃.
Further, the particle size of the iron-based amorphous powder to be sprayed in the step (3) is 30-50 μm.
Further, the moving speed of the supersonic flame spraying spray gun in the step (3) is 15-30 m/min, and the oxygen flow is 40-60 m3The flow rate of kerosene is 12-32L/h, the spraying distance (the linear distance from a spray gun opening to a base material) is 300-350 mm, and the powder feeding amount is 30-40 g/min.
Further, in the step (3), after spraying for 1-2 times in the spraying process, the subsequent spraying is carried out after the matrix material is cooled to 60-80 ℃, so that the iron-based amorphous coating with high amorphous content is obtained. In the spraying process, a high-pressure air cooling mode is adopted to maintain the matrix material in a lower temperature range, so that the iron-based amorphous coating with high amorphous content is ensured to be obtained.
Further, the fuel used in the supersonic flame spraying in the step (3) is kerosene.
Furthermore, the thickness of the iron-based amorphous coating is controlled to be 300-500 mu m.
For the condition that certain series of aluminum alloys are incompatible with a specific amorphous alloy system and metallurgical bonding cannot be generated on the interface of the iron-based amorphous coating and the matrix, the invention provides a preparation method for spraying a transition interlayer between the aluminum alloy matrix and the iron-based amorphous coating, and the bonding strength of the iron-based amorphous coating and the matrix is enhanced. The middle layer is Ni60 powder special for thermal spraying, and the particle size distribution range of the middle layer is 38-75 mu m. The thickness of the intermediate layer should be controlled to be 100-200 μm.
Further, the oxygen flow of the spraying middle layer is 45-65 m3The kerosene flow is 15-25L/h, the spraying distance is 290-330mm, the moving speed of the spray gun is 25-35 m/min, and the powder feeding amount is 30-50 g/min.
Preferably, in the step (1), in order to promote good bonding between the aluminum alloy substrate material and the interface of the iron-based amorphous coating and improve the interface bonding strength between the aluminum alloy substrate and the iron-based amorphous coating, when sandpaper is used for polishing, too coarse sandpaper or too fine sandpaper can cause poor interface bonding, and test results show that the roughness obtained by matching the surface of the substrate polished by 800# sandpaper with the subsequent sandblasting treatment is most beneficial to the interface bonding between the substrate and the iron-based amorphous coating and the interface bonding strength between the substrate and the iron-based amorphous coating is improved.
Preferably, in the step (2), the blasting pressure is set to 0.6 MPa.
Preferably, in the step (3), the spraying distance of the iron-based amorphous coating is set to be 320 mm.
The invention aims to: the iron-based amorphous coating with high corrosion resistance and wear resistance on the surface of the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof are provided, so that the aluminum alloy has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the application of the aluminum alloy in industry, especially in the service working condition of sliding friction, is further expanded. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the iron-based amorphous coating is amorphous, has no defects of crystal boundary and the like existing in common metal materials, has high hardness, and has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
(2) Because the intermediate layer of Ni60 is added between the iron-based amorphous coating and the matrix, the bonding strength of the iron-based amorphous coating and the matrix is greatly enhanced, and the durability of the iron-based amorphous coating is enhanced.
(3) Compared with the traditional aluminum alloy surface treatment technologies such as electroplating and chromate treatment, the surface treatment method has the advantages of no pollution, simple process and easy operation. Secondly, the method can obtain a relatively thick iron-based amorphous coating with the thickness of 300-500 mu m, and has incomparable excellent wear resistance compared with other preparation technologies.
Drawings
Table 1 is a summary of the self-etching current densities of the example 1, example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and 8090 aluminum lithium alloy substrates.
FIG. 1 shows the interface morphology of the Fe-based amorphous coating and the Al-Li alloy substrate in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of polarization curves of example 1, example 2, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 (corresponding to a, b, c and d, respectively) iron-based amorphous coatings;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the friction coefficients of example 1, example 2, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2, (corresponding to a, b, c, d, respectively) Fe-based amorphous coating and 8090 Al-Li alloy matrix;
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the invention.
Example 1
(1) 8090 aluminum lithium alloy is selected as a matrix material, and the aluminum lithium alloy matrix is pretreated. Firstly, grinding a substrate by using 800# abrasive paper, then placing the substrate in ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning, and placing the substrate in a room temperature environment for natural drying after ultrasonic cleaning for 4 min;
(2) and (3) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the pretreated aluminum alloy matrix 30min before spraying. The abrasive used for sand blasting is 20# white corundum sand, the pressure of the sand blasting is 0.6MPa, the speed is 0.6cm/s, and the time is 6min
(3) Drying iron-based amorphous powder with the granularity range of 30-50 microns and Ni60 powder with the granularity range of 38-75 microns for 1h under the vacuum condition of 100 ℃;
(4) fixing the aluminum alloy substrate obtained in the step (2); taking the dried Ni60 powder and the iron-based amorphous alloy powder obtained in the step (4) as materials to be sprayed, and loading the materials to be sprayed into supersonic flame spraying equipment;
(5) heating an aluminum alloy matrix to 80 ℃, firstly spraying a Ni60 intermediate layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the spraying process parameters are as follows: the oxygen flow is 48m3The flow rate of kerosene was 18L/h, the spray distance was 320mm, the powder feed amount was 40g/min, the moving speed of the spray gun was 30m/min, and the size of the spray gun used was 5 inchesAnd simultaneously, carrying out high-pressure air cooling on the aluminum alloy substrate, and stopping spraying after the thickness of the iron-based amorphous coating is accumulated to 100 mu m. And next, spraying iron-based amorphous powder, wherein the spraying process parameters are set as follows for the iron-based amorphous powder: the oxygen flow is 46m3The flow rate of kerosene was 16L/h, the spray distance was 320mm, the powder feed amount was 35g/min, the moving speed of the spray gun was 20m/min, and the size of the spray gun used was 5 inches. In order to obtain the iron-based amorphous coating with high amorphous content, the iron-based amorphous powder is temporarily stopped spraying after being sprayed twice, and the spraying is continued when the temperature of the aluminum alloy matrix is reduced to 80 ℃, and the steps are repeated until the iron-based amorphous coating with the thickness of 300 mu m is obtained on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix.
The iron-based amorphous coating is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy by adopting the process, and the micro-morphology of the iron-based amorphous coating is shown in figure 1. Electrochemical polarization curve test is carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution, the polarization curve is shown as a curve in figure 2, and the self-corrosion current density is 1.92 multiplied by 10-5A/cm2Compared with 8090 aluminum lithium alloy matrix (the self-corrosion current density is 2.58 multiplied by 10)-4A/cm2) And the data show that the corrosion resistance of the material is greatly improved by the iron-based amorphous coating. According to the GB/T12444-2006 standard, bearing steel is used as a counter-grinding ring, a test ring-test block sliding wear test is carried out on a ring block testing machine, the lubrication mode is dry friction, the load is 50N, the rotating speed is 50r/min, the test time is 15min, and the friction coefficient curve is shown as a curve in fig. 3. The average friction coefficient is measured to be 0.128, and compared with 8090 aluminum lithium alloy (the average friction coefficient is 0.937), the data shows that the iron-based amorphous coating greatly improves the wear resistance of the material.
Example 2
(1) 8090 aluminum lithium alloy is selected as a base material, and the aluminum alloy base is pretreated. Firstly, grinding a substrate by using 800# abrasive paper, then placing the substrate in ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning, and placing the substrate in a room temperature environment for natural drying after ultrasonic cleaning for 4 min;
(2) and (3) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the pretreated aluminum alloy matrix 30min before spraying. The abrasive used for sand blasting is 20# white corundum sand, the pressure of the sand blasting is 0.6MPa, the speed is 0.6cm/s, and the time is 6min
(3) Drying iron-based amorphous powder with the granularity range of 30-50 microns and Ni60 powder with the granularity range of 38-75 microns for 1h under the vacuum condition of 100 ℃;
(4) fixing the aluminum alloy substrate obtained in the step (2); taking the dried Ni60 powder and the iron-based amorphous alloy powder obtained in the step (4) as materials to be sprayed, and loading the materials to be sprayed into supersonic flame spraying equipment;
(5) heating an aluminum alloy matrix to 80 ℃, firstly spraying a Ni60 intermediate layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the spraying process parameters are as follows: the oxygen flow is 45m3The flow rate of kerosene is 15L/h, the spray distance is 320mm, the powder feeding amount is 30g/min, the moving speed of a spray gun is 25m/min, the size of the used spray gun is 5 inches, and simultaneously, high-pressure air cooling is carried out on the aluminum alloy matrix, and the spraying is stopped after the thickness of the iron-based amorphous coating is accumulated to 100 mu m. And next, spraying iron-based amorphous powder, wherein the spraying process parameters are set as follows for the iron-based amorphous powder: oxygen flow rate is 50m3The flow rate of kerosene was 20L/h, the spray distance was 320mm, the powder feed amount was 40g/min, the moving speed of the spray gun was 30m/min, and the size of the spray gun used was 5 inches. In order to obtain the iron-based amorphous coating with high amorphous content, the iron-based amorphous powder is temporarily stopped spraying after being sprayed twice, and the spraying is continued when the temperature of the aluminum alloy matrix is reduced to 80 ℃, and the steps are repeated until the iron-based amorphous coating with the thickness of 300 mu m is obtained on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix.
The iron-based amorphous coating is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy by adopting the process, and the micro-morphology of the iron-based amorphous coating is shown in figure 1. Electrochemical polarization curve test is carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution, the polarization curve is shown as b curve in figure 2, and the self-corrosion current density is 9.98 x 10-5A/cm2Compared with 8090 aluminum lithium alloy matrix (the self-corrosion current density is 2.58 multiplied by 10)-4A/cm2) And the data show that the corrosion resistance of the material is greatly improved by the iron-based amorphous coating. According to the GB/T12444-. And 8090 aluminumCompared with the lithium alloy (the average friction coefficient is 0.937), the data show that the iron-based amorphous coating greatly improves the wear resistance of the material.
The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not intended to limit the practice of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is substantially identical to example 1, except that the spray coating process parameters of the iron-based amorphous coating are different. The parameters of the spraying process of the iron-based amorphous coating of the comparative example are as follows: the oxygen flow is 30m3The kerosene flow rate was 10L/h, the spray distance was 280mm, the powder feed amount was 25g/min, the moving speed of the spray gun was 10m/min, and the size of the spray gun used was 5 inches, which were not set within the range defined in claim 7. The obtained iron-based amorphous coating is subjected to the same performance detection method as in example 1, the polarization curve is shown as the curve c in figure 2, and the self-corrosion current density of the iron-based amorphous coating is measured to be 2.30 multiplied by 10-4A/cm2. The coefficient of friction curve is shown in the curve c of FIG. 3, and the average coefficient of friction was measured to be 0.419. Compared with examples 1 and 2, the comparative example has the defects that the spraying process parameters of kerosene flow and oxygen flow are lower than the ranges defined in the claim 7, so that the energy is too low, the amorphous powder particles are less melted, and a uniform layered iron-based amorphous coating cannot be formed, and the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the obtained iron-based amorphous coating are poor.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is substantially identical to example 1, except that the spray coating process parameters of the iron-based amorphous coating are different. The parameters of the spraying process of the iron-based amorphous coating of the comparative example are as follows: the oxygen flow is 70m3The kerosene flow rate was 40L/h, the spray distance was 380mm, the powder feed amount was 45g/min, the moving speed of the spray gun was 40m/min, and the size of the spray gun used was 5 inches, which were not set within the range defined in claim 7. The obtained iron-based amorphous coating was subjected to the same properties as in example 1The detection method is characterized in that the polarization curve is shown as a curve d in figure 2, and the self-corrosion current density of the iron-based amorphous coating is measured to be 8.21 multiplied by 10-4A/cm2. The coefficient of friction curve is shown in the d-curve of fig. 3, and the average coefficient of friction was measured to be 0.633. Compared with examples 1 and 2, the comparative example has the spraying process parameters that the flow rate of kerosene and the flow rate of oxygen are higher than the ranges defined in the claim 7, so that the energy is too high, the amorphous powder is seriously crystallized, and the iron-based amorphous coating with high amorphous content cannot be formed, and the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the obtained iron-based amorphous coating are poor.
TABLE 1
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a high-corrosion-resistant wear-resistant iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of an aluminum alloy is characterized in that the aluminum alloy is used as a matrix material, and the high-corrosion-resistant wear-resistant iron-based amorphous coating is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate;
(2) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate subjected to pretreatment;
(3) preheating the aluminum alloy matrix subjected to sand blasting in the step (2) to a certain temperature, maintaining the aluminum alloy in the temperature range, taking the iron-based amorphous alloy as powder to be sprayed, performing supersonic flame spraying on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix, and preparing the high-corrosion-resistant wear-resistant iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix.
2. The method for preparing the iron-based amorphous coating with high corrosion resistance and wear resistance on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the sand blasting treatment in the step (2) is dry sand blasting treatment, the grinding material used in the sand blasting treatment is 20# white corundum sand, the pressure of the sand blasting treatment is 0.5-0.7 MPa, the speed of the sand blasting treatment is 0.4-0.8 cm/s, and the time of the sand blasting treatment is 6-10 min.
3. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the aluminum alloy matrix in the step (3) is 60-80 ℃.
4. The preparation method of the high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the iron-based amorphous powder to be sprayed is 30-50 μm; the thickness of the iron-based amorphous coating is controlled to be 300-500 mu m.
5. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the moving speed of the supersonic flame spraying spray gun in the step (3) is 15-30 m/min, and the oxygen flow is 40-60 m3The flow rate of kerosene is 12-32L/h, the spraying distance is 300-350 mm, and the powder feeding amount is 30-40 g/min.
6. The preparation method of the iron-based amorphous coating with high corrosion resistance and wear resistance on the aluminum alloy surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after 1-2 times of spraying in the spraying process, the subsequent spraying is carried out after the matrix material is cooled to 60-80 ℃, so that the iron-based amorphous coating with high amorphous content is obtained; in the spraying process, a high-pressure air cooling mode is adopted to maintain the matrix material in a lower temperature range, so that the iron-based amorphous coating with high amorphous content is ensured to be obtained.
7. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein fuel used for supersonic flame spraying is kerosene.
8. The preparation method of the high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that for the condition that certain series of aluminum alloys are incompatible with a specific amorphous alloy system and metallurgical bonding cannot be generated on the interface of the iron-based amorphous coating and a matrix, a preparation method of spraying a transition intermediate layer between the aluminum alloy matrix and the iron-based amorphous coating is adopted, so that the bonding strength between the iron-based amorphous coating and the matrix is enhanced, and the thickness of the intermediate layer is controlled to be 100-200 μm.
9. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the aluminum alloy surface according to claim 8, wherein the intermediate layer is Ni60 powder special for thermal spraying, and the particle size distribution range of the Ni60 powder is 38-75 μm.
10. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance wear-resistance iron-based amorphous coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 8, wherein the oxygen flow of the intermediate layer during spraying is 45-65 m3The kerosene flow is 15-25L/h, the spraying distance is 290-330mm, the moving speed of the spray gun is 25-35 m/min, and the powder feeding amount is 30-50 g/min.
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| CN112921264A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 浙江师范大学 | Preparation method of high-pressure plunger of amorphous self-lubricating coating |
| CN114774828A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-07-22 | 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司大兴安岭供电公司 | Hot-sprayed long-acting corrosion-resistant protective coating on surface of grounding electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN115354259A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-18 | 华中科技大学 | Anticorrosive and antifouling integrated iron-based amorphous composite coating and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115354259A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-18 | 华中科技大学 | Anticorrosive and antifouling integrated iron-based amorphous composite coating and preparation method thereof |
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