CN114959692A - Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114959692A
CN114959692A CN202210704188.2A CN202210704188A CN114959692A CN 114959692 A CN114959692 A CN 114959692A CN 202210704188 A CN202210704188 A CN 202210704188A CN 114959692 A CN114959692 A CN 114959692A
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brake disc
layer
composite coating
wear
resistant surface
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CN114959692B (en
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卢冰文
闫星辰
王岳亮
刘敏
董东东
邓朝阳
马汝成
张忠诚
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Institute of New Materials of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Institute of New Materials of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
    • F16D65/125—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of automobile manufacturing. The brake disc comprises a brake disc base body and a composite coating on the surface of the brake disc base body, wherein the composite coating comprises a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer which are sequentially formed, the material of the priming layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy, the material of the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer comprises the NiFe-based alloy and a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the mass percentage of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the material of the middle layer is lower than that of the wear-resistant surface layer. Through setting up the priming coat, for base member and follow-up coating provide comparatively firm articulamentum, increase in proper order again in the material of intermediate level and wearing layer and contain the proportion of C reinforcing phase, realized the slow transition distribution of composite coating stress, improved composite coating's shock resistance, solved car brake disc wearing and tearing problem, reduced the consumption of brake disc matrix material to the life of brake disc has been prolonged.

Description

Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating brake disc and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile manufacturing, in particular to a brake disc with an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding composite coating, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The automobile industry is one of the important post industries of national economy in China, and a brake system is an indispensable key component of each fuel oil or new energy automobile, and directly influences the use safety and parking reliability of the automobile.
The brake disc is a core component of a braking system, but the service working condition of the brake disc is harsh, and the brake disc needs to bear repeated mechanical load and thermal load, so that friction noise and surface abrasion are easily caused, and fine particle dust is generated due to abrasion of the cast iron brake disc, so that the problem of poor environmental pollution is caused; and the serious surface abrasion of the brake disc can cause the difference between the actual braking distance and the expected braking distance of the automobile to be overlarge, thereby influencing the driving maneuverability and the safety.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a brake disc with a composite coating formed by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized in the following way:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a brake disc with a composite coating formed by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, which comprises a brake disc substrate and the composite coating coated on the surface of the brake disc substrate, wherein the composite coating comprises a priming layer, an intermediate layer and a wear-resistant surface layer which are sequentially formed, the material of the priming layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy, the material of the intermediate layer and the material of the wear-resistant surface layer both comprise a NiFe-based alloy and a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the mass percentage of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the intermediate layer is lower than that of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the wear-resistant surface layer.
In an alternative embodiment, the C-containing reinforcing phase comprises WC or Cr 3 C 2 Any one of (1).
In an optional embodiment, the material of the middle layer comprises, by mass, 80-90% of NiFe-based alloy and 10-20% of C-containing reinforcing phase, and the material of the wear-resistant surface layer comprises, by mass, 40-70% of NiFe-based alloy and 30-60% of C-containing reinforcing phase.
In an optional embodiment, the total thickness of the composite coating is 300-800 μm.
Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 75-200 μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 75-200 μm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant surface layer is 150-400 μm.
Preferably, the primer layer, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant skin layer have thicknesses of 1/4, 1/4 and 1/2, respectively, of the total thickness.
In an alternative embodiment, the material of the brake disc base body comprises at least one of cast iron or an aluminium alloy.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a brake disc according to any one of the previous embodiments, which comprises the step of sequentially spraying the composite coating material of any one of the previous embodiments on the surface of a brake disc substrate by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding method.
In an alternative embodiment, the process parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding method include: the laser power is 1800-2800W, the diameter of a light spot is 1-2.5 mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 13-70 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 45-65%.
Preferably, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the diameter of a light spot is 1.2-2.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.6-1.8 kg/h, the laser scanning speed is 20-50 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 50-60%.
In an alternative embodiment, the preparation of the composite coating material comprises uniformly grinding the materials by weight ratio by using a planetary ball mill to prepare the materials of the priming layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer.
Preferably, after the grinding is finished, the method further comprises the step of drying the materials of the priming layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer, wherein the drying is vacuum drying, the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1.5 h.
In an optional embodiment, before spraying the brake disc substrate, the method further comprises sequentially performing oil removal cleaning, sand blasting and preheating on the brake disc substrate.
Preferably, the preheating adopts an induction heating coil to preheat the brake disc matrix, and the preheating temperature is 180-220 ℃.
Preferably, after the brake disc base body is subjected to sand blasting, the brake disc base body is ground and polished.
Preferably, the surface roughness of the polished brake disc substrate is 0.8-1.2 μm.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a brake disc according to any one of the preceding embodiments or a brake disc produced by the production method of any one of the preceding embodiments for use in the field of automobile production.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a brake disc made of a composite coating material through ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite coating material is coated on the surface of the brake disc matrix, so that the braking efficiency of an automobile can be improved, the abrasion problem of the automobile brake disc is solved, and the consumption of the brake disc matrix material is reduced, so that the service life of the brake disc is prolonged, and the replacement cost of the brake disc is reduced; meanwhile, the dust emission of the brake disc can be reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced. In addition, the brake disc is prepared by adopting an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method, so that the brake disc is high in preparation efficiency, low in cost and high in automation degree, and has great application potential in the field of automobile brake discs.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a brake disc and a composite coating on the surface of the brake disc provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a brake disc provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The inventor finds that the surface coating technology can effectively reduce the abrasion, vibration and noise of the automobile brake disc, reduce dust pollution and prolong the service life of the automobile brake disc through long-term research, and is an important way for solving the key problem of surface protection of the automobile brake disc. However, the conventional coating technologies such as thermal spraying and laser cladding require higher cost to achieve better effects due to insufficient interface bonding force, so that the coating technologies are mostly used for preparing high-end automobiles, and the application of conventional automobiles is limited.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a brake disc with a composite coating formed by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, which comprises a brake disc substrate and the composite coating coated on the surface of the brake disc substrate, wherein the composite coating comprises a priming layer, an intermediate layer and a wear-resistant surface layer which are sequentially formed, the material of the priming layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy, the material of the intermediate layer and the material of the wear-resistant surface layer both comprise a NiFe-based alloy and a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the mass percentage of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the intermediate layer is lower than that of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the wear-resistant surface layer.
The priming layer is arranged to provide a relatively stable connecting layer for the substrate and the subsequent coating, the proportion of the C-containing reinforcing phase is sequentially increased in the material of the intermediate layer and the material of the wear-resistant layer, so that the problems of stress concentration caused by overhigh content of the C-containing reinforcing phase on the surface of the coating, cracking of the coating and the like are prevented, the slow transition distribution of the stress of the composite coating is realized, the stress concentration is reduced, and the impact resistance of the composite coating is also improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the C-containing reinforcing phase comprises WC or Cr 3 C 2 Any one of, WC and Cr 3 C 2 The alloy has high melting point, high hardness, high fracture toughness and certain plasticity, has good wettability with NiFe-based alloy, can form a tough integrated structure, and has excellent wear resistance on the basis of ensuring the plasticity.
In an optional embodiment, the middle layer is made of 80-90% of NiFe-based alloy and 10-20% of C-containing reinforcing phase by mass percentage, and the wear-resistant surface layer is made of 40-70% of NiFe-based alloy and 30-60% of C-containing reinforcing phase by mass percentage.
It is understood that, in order to ensure the uniformity of the coating, the NiFe-based alloy and the C-containing reinforcing phase in the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer need to be uniformly mixed and then coated.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a brake disc comprising a brake disc substrate and a composite coating according to the previous embodiments applied to a surface of the brake disc substrate.
The material physical property difference between the intermediate layer or the wear-resistant surface layer consisting of the NiFe-based alloy and the reinforcing phase containing C and the brake disc matrix is large, and if the intermediate layer or the wear-resistant surface layer is directly combined with the brake disc matrix, the defects of air holes, cracks and the like are easily caused on a connecting interface. Therefore, as shown in fig. 1, the surface of the brake disc base body 101 is coated with the base layer 102 with the NiFe-based alloy as a transition layer, so that the thermodynamic and physical property differences between the brake disc base body 101 and the intermediate layer 103 can be effectively adjusted, and the high-quality metallurgical bonding of the composite coating and the base body is realized. And then the C-containing reinforced phase with gradually increased content is added from the middle layer 103 to the wear-resistant surface layer 104, so that the problems of stress concentration and cracking of the composite coating caused by overhigh content of the C-containing reinforced phase can be avoided, the slow transition distribution of the stress of the composite coating is realized, the stress concentration is reduced, and the shock resistance of the composite coating is improved.
The composite coating material is coated on the surface of the brake disc matrix, so that the braking efficiency of an automobile can be improved, the abrasion problem of the automobile brake disc is solved, and the consumption of the brake disc matrix material is reduced, so that the service life of the brake disc is prolonged, and the replacement cost of the brake disc is reduced; meanwhile, the dust emission of the brake disc can be reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
In an optional embodiment, the total thickness of the composite coating is 300-800 μm. With thickness setting in above-mentioned within range, can improve brake disc coefficient of friction on the basis that does not increase the whole weight of brake disc, increase braking efficiency, be favorable to shortening and intervene continuous braking time, improve the stability of braking simultaneously to can reduce the braking wearing and tearing volume among the braking process.
Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 75-200 μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 75-200 μm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant surface layer is 150-400 μm. Where the wear resistant surface is the primary working interface and therefore should be thicker than the primer layer and the intermediate layer.
Preferably, the primer layer, the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant skin layer have thicknesses of 1/4, 1/4 and 1/2, respectively, of the total thickness.
In an alternative embodiment, the material of the brake disc base body comprises at least one of cast iron or an aluminium alloy.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a brake disc according to any one of the previous embodiments, which comprises the step of sequentially spraying the composite coating material of any one of the previous embodiments on the surface of a brake disc substrate by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding method.
The brake disc is prepared by adopting the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method, so that the preparation efficiency is high, the cost is lower, the automation degree is high, and the brake disc has great application potential in the technical field of preparing automobile brake discs.
In an alternative embodiment, the process parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding method include: the laser power is 1800-2800W, the spot diameter is 1-2.5 mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 13-70 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 45-65%.
Preferably, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the diameter of a light spot is 1.2-2.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.6-1.8 kg/h, the laser scanning speed is 20-50 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 50-60%.
In an alternative embodiment, preparing the composite coating includes milling the materials of the primer layer, the intermediate layer, and the wear resistant surface layer in a weight ratio using a planetary ball mill.
Preferably, after the grinding is finished, the method further comprises the step of drying the materials of the priming layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer, wherein the drying is vacuum drying, the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1.5 h.
In an optional embodiment, before spraying the brake disc substrate, the method further comprises sequentially performing oil removal cleaning, sand blasting and preheating on the brake disc substrate. The degreasing cleaning and the sand blasting both adopt the conventional steps in the field, and only the surface of the brake disc matrix after the sand blasting is ensured to be free of large-particle impurities and liquid pollutants.
Preferably, in order to enable the priming layer to be firmly contacted with the brake disc base body, the brake disc base body is preheated by an induction heating coil at the preheating temperature of 180-220 ℃.
Preferably, after the brake disc base body is subjected to sand blasting, the brake disc base body is ground and polished.
Preferably, the surface roughness of the polished brake disc substrate is 0.8-1.2 μm.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a brake disc according to any one of the preceding embodiments or a brake disc produced by the production method according to any one of the preceding embodiments for use in the field of automobile production.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a brake disc, which is characterized in that a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer are sequentially formed on the surface of a brake disc base body. Wherein the bottom layer is NiFeCr alloy with the thickness of 100 mu m; the middle layer is NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 90% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 10%, and the thickness is 100 mu m; the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 60% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 40%, the thickness is 200 mu m, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 400 mu m.
The preparation method of the brake disc comprises the following steps:
(1) the surface of the brake disc base body is sequentially subjected to oil removal cleaning and sand blasting pretreatment, so that the surface of the brake disc is free of oil stains, large particles and other impurities.
(2) And planning a cladding path of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding through three-dimensional software according to the shape of the brake disc. In this embodiment, the cladding path is an annular repair path.
(3) And grinding by adopting a planetary ball mill according to the weight ratio to prepare the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer.
(4) Vacuum drying the material prepared in the step (3) by using a vacuum drying oven for 1h at 100 ℃; and simultaneously, preheating a brake disc matrix by using an induction heating coil, wherein the preheating temperature is 200 ℃.
(5) Preparing a composite coating on the surface of a brake disc matrix by adopting ultrahigh-speed laser cladding equipment, wherein the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2000W, the spot diameter is 1mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.5kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 30m/min, and the lapping rate is 50%.
(6) And grinding and polishing the composite coating prepared on the surface of the brake disc matrix until the surface roughness is 1.0 mu m.
The brake disc provided by the embodiment is placed under a scanning electron microscope for detection, and the result shown in fig. 2 is obtained. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the primer layer and the brake disc substrate are tightly bonded, and the content of WC ceramic particles is increased in sequence along the direction away from the brake disc substrate.
Example 2
This embodiment provides a brake disc having a brake disc base body surfaceSequentially forming a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer. Wherein the bottom layer is NiFeCr alloy with the thickness of 100 μm; the intermediate layer is NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 90 percent and Cr with the mass fraction of 10 percent 3 C 2 Ceramic particles having a thickness of 100 μm; the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of 60 mass percent of NiFeCr alloy and 40 mass percent of Cr 3 C 2 The thickness of the ceramic particles is 200 mu m, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 400 mu m.
The preparation method of the brake disc is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a brake disc, which is characterized in that a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer are sequentially formed on the surface of a brake disc base body. Wherein the bottom layer is NiFeCr alloy with the thickness of 100 μm; the middle layer is NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 80% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 20%, and the thickness is 100 mu m; the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 50% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 50%, the thickness is 200 mu m, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 400 mu m.
The preparation method of the brake disc is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a brake disc, which is characterized in that a priming layer, a middle layer and a wear-resistant surface layer are sequentially formed on the surface of a brake disc base body. Wherein the bottom layer is NiFeCr alloy with the thickness of 150 μm; the middle layer is NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 90% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 10%, and the thickness is 150 micrometers; the wear-resistant surface layer is composed of NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 60% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 40%, the thickness is 300 mu m, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 600 mu m.
The preparation method of the brake disc is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a brake disc, which was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the brake disc of this comparative example only comprises a brake disc base body.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a brake disc, which was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer are all NiFeCr alloy.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a brake disc, which is prepared in the same way as example 1, with the only difference that: the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer are NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 60% and WC ceramic particles with the mass fraction of 40%.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides a brake disc, which was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer are NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 60 percent and Cr with the mass fraction of 40 percent 3 C 2 Ceramic particles.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example provides a brake disc, which was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the composite coating is composed of two layers, wherein the bottom layer is made of NiFeCr alloy, and the surface layer is made of 90 mass percent of NiFeCr alloy and 10 mass percent of WC ceramic particles.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example provides a brake disc with a composite coating of the same material as in example 1, except that: the laser power of the ultra-high speed laser cladding is 1500W.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example provides a brake disc with a composite coating of the same material as in example 1, except that: the laser power of the ultra-high speed laser cladding is 3000W.
Comparative example 8
This comparative example provides a brake disc with a composite coating of the same material as in example 1, except that: the laser scanning speed of the ultra-high speed laser cladding is 100 m/min.
Comparative example 9
This comparative example provides a brake disc, which was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that: the intermediate layer is NiFeCr alloy with the mass fraction of 90 percent and Cr with the mass fraction of 10 percent 2 O 3 The ceramic particles comprise a wear-resistant surface layer which is composed of 60 mass percent of NiFeCr alloy and 40 mass percent of Cr 2 O 3 Ceramic particles.
Test example 1
The brake discs provided in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were tested according to the following test methods:
1) coating formation quality: and (5) observing the surface appearance of the coating by naked eyes, and observing the internal appearance of the coating by combining a gold phase microscope.
2) Wear conditions: the brake discs of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were placed on a constant speed tester for friction experiments, the friction radius was 10mm, the load was 15N, the rotation speed was 600rpm, and the friction time was 180min, so as to obtain the steady state friction coefficient, the steady state friction fluctuation rate, the wear loss and the intervention duration braking time of the brake discs, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 brake disc Performance test results
Figure BDA0003704691730000101
Figure BDA0003704691730000111
As can be seen from table 1, the composite coating with the three-layer structure formed on the surface of the brake disc provided by the invention significantly reduces the steady-state friction fluctuation rate of the brake disc, and better meets the requirement of stable braking; the friction weightlessness is reduced, so that the dust emission of the brake disc is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced; the intervention continuous braking time is shortened, and the braking efficiency of the automobile is improved. Under the combined action of the above factors, the service life of the brake disc is prolonged.
The brake disc with the ultra-high-speed laser cladding composite coating, the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following advantages:
the priming layer is arranged to provide a relatively stable connecting layer for the substrate and the subsequent coating, the proportion of the C-containing reinforcing phase is sequentially increased in the material of the intermediate layer and the material of the wear-resistant layer, so that the problems of stress concentration caused by overhigh content of the C-containing reinforcing phase on the surface of the coating, cracking of the coating and the like are prevented, the slow transition distribution of the stress of the composite coating is realized, the stress concentration is reduced, and the impact resistance of the composite coating is also improved. The composite coating material is coated on the surface of the brake disc matrix, so that the braking efficiency of an automobile can be improved, the abrasion problem of the automobile brake disc is solved, and the consumption of the brake disc matrix material is reduced, so that the service life of the brake disc is prolonged, and the replacement cost of the brake disc is reduced; meanwhile, the dust emission of the brake disc can be reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced. In addition, the brake disc is prepared by adopting an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method, so that the brake disc is high in preparation efficiency, low in cost and high in automation degree, and has great application potential in the field of automobile brake discs.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The brake disc with the composite coating formed by ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is characterized by comprising a brake disc base body and the composite coating coated on the surface of the brake disc base body, wherein the composite coating comprises a priming layer, an intermediate layer and a wear-resistant surface layer which are sequentially formed, the material of the priming layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy, the material of the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant surface layer comprises a NiFe-based alloy and a C-containing reinforcing phase, and the mass percentage of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the intermediate layer is lower than that of the C-containing reinforcing phase in the wear-resistant surface layer.
2. Brake disc according to claim 1, characterized in that the C-containing reinforcing phase comprises WC or Cr 3 C 2 Any one of (1).
3. The brake disc of claim 2, wherein the intermediate layer is made of 80-90% of NiFe-based alloy and 10-20% of C-containing reinforcing phase by mass, and the wear-resistant surface layer is made of 40-70% of NiFe-based alloy and 30-60% of C-containing reinforcing phase by mass.
4. The brake disc of claim 3, wherein the composite coating has a total thickness of 300-800 μm;
preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 75-200 μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 75-200 μm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant surface layer is 150-400 μm;
preferably, the primer layer, intermediate layer and wear-resistant skin layer have thicknesses of 1/4, 1/4 and 1/2, respectively, of the total thickness.
5. Brake disc according to claim 4, characterized in that the material of the brake disc matrix comprises at least one of cast iron or an aluminium alloy.
6. A method for preparing a brake disc according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the step of spraying the composite coating material according to claim 1 or 2 on the surface of the brake disc substrate by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding method.
7. The preparation method of claim 6, wherein the process parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding method comprise: the laser power is 1800-2800W, the diameter of a light spot is 1-2.5 mm, the powder feeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/h, the laser scanning rate is 13-70 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 45-65%;
preferably, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the diameter of a light spot is 1.2-2.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.6-1.8 kg/h, the laser scanning speed is 20-50 m/min, and the lap joint rate is 50-60%.
8. The preparation method of claim 7, wherein the preparation of the composite coating material comprises uniformly grinding the materials by weight ratio by using a planetary ball mill to obtain the materials of the priming layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer;
preferably, after the grinding is finished, the method further comprises the step of drying the materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the wear-resistant surface layer, wherein the drying is vacuum drying, the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-1.5 h.
9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by further comprising the steps of sequentially carrying out oil removal cleaning, sand blasting and preheating on the brake disc matrix before spraying the brake disc matrix;
preferably, the preheating adopts an induction heating coil to preheat the brake disc matrix, and the preheating temperature is 180-220 ℃;
preferably, after the brake disc base body is subjected to sand blasting, the brake disc base body is further subjected to grinding and polishing;
preferably, the surface roughness of the polished brake disc substrate is 0.8-1.2 μm.
10. Use of a brake disc according to any one of claims 3 to 5 or a brake disc produced by a production method according to any one of claims 6 to 9 in the field of automobile production.
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